Computer Scientist Explains One Concept in 5 Levels of Difficulty | WIRED

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Computer scientist Amit Sahai, PhD, is asked to explain the concept of zero-knowledge proofs to 5 different people; a child, a teen, a college student, a grad student, and an expert. Using a variety of techniques, Amit breaks down what zero-knowledge proofs are and why it's so exciting in the world of cryptography.
Amit Sahai, PhD, is a professor of computer science at UCLA Samueli School of Engineering.
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Computer Scientist Explains One Concept in 5 Levels of Difficulty | WIRED

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17 янв 2022

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Комментарии : 5 тыс.

@thor_9642 2 года назад

My dad explained me this a long time ago.. he would tell me how hard his path to school was without revealing anything

@shimotsukizoro-san9795 2 года назад

Lol, perfect example.

@greenanubis 2 года назад

That only works if trust is presumed by appeal to authority. Which is a huge logical no-no.

@Hooli630 2 года назад

This should have more upvotes. Hilarious.

@emulato6792 2 года назад

I wish we could prove to u that we understood ur joke without revealing our identity Oh wait we can

@mevestiller 2 года назад

Actually he did reveal something about the problem, he didn’t wear shoes, he walked in the snow and it was uphill both directions

@GeographyNow 2 года назад

All I needed was the Child level and was like "Okay GOT IT. Thank you"

@DudeSoWin 2 года назад

All of this just trying to explain Object Permanence to a linear thinker who only uses booleans and is oblivious to half truths.

@justicewatch4602 2 года назад

I had to watch the child level several times, then finally got it. Now I'm mad at the cybersecurity industry. Who have they been hiring?

@SAIF700000 2 года назад

And i love how you explain geography

@neutrin0329 2 года назад

I admire teachers who take the time to explain new topics this way. I don’t feel offended at all. It really builds up to the more advanced studies and terminology

@4awhile529 2 года назад

We need one of these videos for Geography Now to explain something

@sudhindrakopalle7071 Год назад

Videos like these tell me there is so much in this world I know nothing about.

@noobster9212 Год назад

its just idea created by men that we already know deep inside our mind

@murkkz1679 Год назад

@@noobster9212 what

@kemalmohamed2452 Год назад

The more knowledge you learn. The more you realise How little you know.

@gipbwok2008 Год назад

Don't feel bad. I've been a software developer for 26 years and have never heard of it either.

@fahadalenezi7722 Год назад

For example islam religion Why 1.7 billion people in the world are muslims ?

@1Chitus Год назад

The teen version was simpler than the child one honestly. Also that ten year old is very smart.

@LMahesa Год назад

They were very, very selective with their test subjects. That ten year old is not very representative, lol.

@johnton6488 Год назад

I haven't even passed a version for a 10 years old girl:-(

@eakishway Год назад

@@LMahesa Yes, I am amused that the ten year old can understand the concept in such a short time while the college student need the help of a picture to understand GCP. But maybe they just want to make the video comprehensible to general audience, like the so called experts talk discussing why it is not called zero data proof and zero information proof instead, and I think the ten year in the video are able to understand their explanation.

@professortachyon780 Год назад

I was also very impressed by the ten year old. Not only did she catch on to the idea very quickly but she was also very good at summarizing what she had just learned in a clear a coherent way.

@proffesionalnonce355 Год назад

is asian so its cheat code

@ShuAbLe 2 года назад

That dialogue with the child was so deep, I'm impressed that she gets it and by how well explained it was.

@ww3032 2 года назад

Pure genius.

@TheForceField 2 года назад

Let's not pretend that we know how many trials they have to do this with the child/13y girl. This is where 'Availability bias' comes in.

@darkpheonix77 2 года назад

she had a better explanation in some ways than the the teen one.

@stankdik 2 года назад

@@TheForceField dude u must be so fun at parties lmaoo

@jackriver1999 2 года назад

That kid is clever and definitely has a mathematical way of formulating her thoughts.

@DaGleese 2 года назад

I'm just blown away with the example he gave to the child with the puffin. So simple, yet it really just explains everything.

@magicmulder 2 года назад

It’s even simpler than my favorite example where you can prove to me two billard balls are different (say, have a different color) without me having to even look at them - I just put them behind my back and either swap them or don’t, and then show them to you. I do this 100 times, so if they were the same color you couldn’t guess correctly whether I swapped them 100 times in row because the probability would be like 1 in a trillion trillion.

@creamchunk 2 года назад

Yeah, the only problem I had with that example was that he couldn't prove that the picture behind the board was the same as the one he showed originally, though I think that defeats the purpose and js not relevant.

@ayoutubecommenter7494 2 года назад

@@creamchunk same thought, but it could be easily fixed by showing the girl the board and the picture separately (proving they aren't something more to fo her) and then fitting the picture with puffin to the hole while covering the hole. It wouldn't reveal anything but you would know it's true

@Che_Se 2 года назад

Kind of but he actually gives her a level of information the rotation of the picture is the only ambiguous factor, so it's a good way to explain it simply but is flawed.

@sunshinelizard1 2 года назад

@@magicmulder I'm not sure I follow your example. It seems you didn't prove anything in that example except that guessing would not be effective. It seems you would need to prove that you have different colors or the same without revealing...yeah, I'm not there yet.

@dr.sakshinbelgavi Год назад

Please I beg you Wired... Don't stop this series and make them more, i really enjoy the multi-disciplinary people coming together and sharing this amazing concepts which I've never even heard of in such an interesting and articulate way, it keeps me going.

@bryjbry Год назад

I use this for my kid’s homeschooling

@TranscendentalMindX Год назад

My God relax

@utkarsh2746 10 месяцев назад

@@TranscendentalMindXPerhaps you need that advice more than OP

@ViliamF. 5 месяцев назад

And that's the moment when good stuff gets discontinued or cancelled.

@henriklarsen8193 Год назад

As a teacher, I have to admire Amit's skill for explanation!

@forthehomies7043 Год назад

He's highly distinguished at UCLA, a top CS school. He's brilliant! Could only dream to be in a lecture of his.

@KaziKaz 2 года назад

This guy was so good at explaining this topic. I bet he's a good teacher. Also this whole video series is genius because you are introducing complex topics to the masses in a way that they can understand and digest. Love this, keep it up Wired!

@someuser257 2 года назад

I wanted to write a comment but I won’t because you wrote my thoughts😂👌🏻

@maxdalton2595 2 года назад

i have him for class rn, he's an extremely good teacher :)

@224lando 2 года назад

I had him for a CS Automata Theory class and he's amazing. I would actually look forward to his assignments.

@Lolmonster777 2 года назад

@@224lando I also had him for that class! He was great at making lectures interactive. Tbh I didn’t like the concept of automata, but I didn’t drop the class because he seemed chill

@ZachariahMustafa 2 года назад

this is actually my professor for a theoretical CS class. he's a great teacher!!

@UberTankred 2 года назад

At first I thought Chelsea's analogy with the "magic trick" was wrong. Then I realized that the girl is smarter than I, because a "magic trick" in its entirety is something completely normal and understandable, but since the magician only lets you see what you're supposed to see, you receive proof that something is real without proof how it possibly could be real!

$@frackjohn$

@frackjohn 2 года назад

But if he is proving to me that he is a magician then he proved it with a new knowledge to me which is he can do magic.

@kaushy 2 года назад

LNGAOOO

@Coldcloves 2 года назад

I guess why many of us thought the magic trick analogy was wrong, its cause when a little girl says that, we tend to associate it with magic like Harry Potter.. but if the same thing was said by the last professor, we'd directly know it was sleight of hand or a misdirection trick.. its most probably cognitive bias on our part.

@UberTankred 2 года назад

@@Coldcloves So true!!!

@antonliakhovitch8306 2 года назад

As an engineering student, I can confidently say that this is the kind of language that CS experts use all the time. In this context, "Magic" means "Some kind of complex algorithm that we don't have time to go into right now, but we understand what it does and that's enough for the topic at hand."

@pineapple3832 Год назад

that child level explanation was absolutely brilliant and it was really awesome to see the girl understand such a complicated topic in their own correct way

@edwardseverinsen5598 Год назад

I need to see if Sahai has any publicly available lectures or tutorial videos. I love his _aura_ of calmness and his gentle tone. It makes it easier to learn in a way.

@inafog 9 месяцев назад

hey if you found it share it to me too

@Rick_C137_op 9 месяцев назад

Me too

@lofhy Месяц назад

Sahai gave a talk on one of his joint works on “MPC in the head” at the 2nd zkproof workshop 2019. The ideas in this video are actually closely related to parts of the talk he gave

@starlight8554 2 года назад

It’s so nice to see his past students talk about what a great professor he was. If only all educators had this much passion towards their subject matter and enjoyed imparting knowledge to others this much.

@ev.c6 2 года назад

In good universities, usually most of the professors are like this. It’s a positive feedback loop in academia. Good professors = good students = good environment.

@michellehung9696 2 года назад

Copycats. Lame.

@jlandles 2 года назад

Great students tend to get great teachers. Disruptive, rude, lazy, disinterested students tend to get the same in their teachers.

@starlight8554 2 года назад

@@ev.c6 yeah most of my professors have been p nice. Some not so great.

@starlight8554 2 года назад

@@jlandles what a weird generalisation. I’ve had some amazing professors and and some who clearly would rather have done something else with their lives. Who they were teaching made a negligible difference

@jacobzhang1274 2 года назад

I had Sahai for the CS theory course at UCLA and he was a great teacher. Perfect choice for this video! Go Professor Sahai!

@kumarvikramaditya9636 2 года назад

Lol typical Indian computer nerd stereotype

@JohnSmith-kj2od 2 года назад

@@kumarvikramaditya9636 pretty sure he is older than the stereotype

@spicyshizz2850 2 года назад

@@JohnSmith-kj2od fr

@SherinFunmes 2 года назад

@@kumarvikramaditya9636 it's kinda a proud thing to have a stereotype like that.

@Ravenerpo 2 года назад

@@SherinFunmes I agree, imagine an entire ethnicity being profiled as being smart and tech-savvy

@James-bv4nu Год назад

In my last final exam, I managed a beautiful proof to my professor, and convinced him that I had zero knowledge.

@cosette8570 9 месяцев назад

the actual definition of zk 😂

@NBT2469 8 месяцев назад

Underrated comment! 😂

@tuananhphan6120 Год назад

It revels very true about how growing up affects your way of thinking, and how not everyone can become a scientist. The child cares more about why. The teen is confused, while the college student only cares about the result. The grad student comes back to why, but with for what specifically in the real world. The expert is actually a child with a deeper interest in why, mathmatically and philosophically. Well, it seems to be true that scientists never grow up

@isabelflann4087 Год назад

I agree with this sentiment entirely. You must cultivate the passion and curiosity of your inner child.

@namcansdiary6568 Год назад

Hay thế bạn ơi

@ashishhembrom3905 Год назад

Buddy its scripted.

@TranscendentalMindX Год назад

This is 100% a pathetic analysis. EVERYONE'S capable because only human beings are doing it. At every stage of life, people can learn and people, yes, will think differently. But that's a difference of the degree to which their mind chooses or is trained to utilize facts and logics that they also chose to learn.

@fongponto Год назад

@ashish hembron. can you zero prove that statement?

@samuelatienzo4627 2 года назад

The level 1 proof was the hardest since he had to take something complex and make it simple. A sign of a great teacher 👍

@nnoo 2 года назад

It's completely insulting and counterproductive to stage knowledge in this way, give the child 3 years to learn it the most advanced way. When I was at school over the years they give me 5 different models for an atom, WHY?

@lightmorrison5404 2 года назад

@@nnoo because reasons :(

@dimitar.bogdanov 2 года назад

@@nnoo School builds onto your previous knowledge. You need the simple explanation of an atom to explain multiple other concepts, and then you can learn the slightly-more-realistic explanation AND the previous concepts to explain more and more, and this keeps on going. It's way easier to learn complex concepts by starting with simpler abstractions. Otherwise, Chelsea will have a way more difficult time understanding actual atoms in (x) years.

@CarMoves 2 года назад

@@nnoo You missed the whole point of the video

@arniekins 2 года назад

Truth. Smart people who can explain an idea in child level terms are rare. And are geniuses.

@till246 Год назад

In cyber security, Zero-Knowledge Proofs have HUGE prospects and applicability. But Dr. Sahai's example of social interaction and using ZKP's to prevent mistrust is a Blackmirror-like scenario in which social interactions are based on personal criteria of trust and, if you know you can by your own criteria not trust a person, you know that they must have broken one of these criteria, giving you knowledge about the other person that you would not be supposed to have.

@wiseversa5369 Год назад

But they would only be giving out the knowledge that they only want to share.

@catsNcode Год назад

It doesn't sound like his ideal application for ZKP is to prevent mistrust, especially at the interpersonal level.

@333apples Год назад

This is how I felt with the little locker example. What if he didn’t have the lock combination and the lock was broken and he pretend to open it? Has he really proven that he knew the combination? Is there a hole at the bottom of the locker box?

@striker44 Год назад

@Cats & Code I think this is about enhancing the trust rather than preventing distrust.

@striker44 Год назад

@Apples he gave the locker to the subject who can check for any holes or trick doors. Also, he can not pretend to open because he opened and read back out what was on the paper, without revealing the combination to open the lock.

@cloud9847 Год назад

it's so interesting hearing how the younger people interpreted this. One associated Magic with it and the teenager was thinking in terms of protecting a source. Very interesting.

@avb20540 2 года назад

I love how epic it is when two PhDs dive so deep into a topic that only they really understand what they're talking about

@shineder.7498 2 года назад

What does phd mean pls?

@waynemartins9166 2 года назад

@@shineder.7498do you want a zero knowledge proof for phd

@shineder.7498 2 года назад

@@waynemartins9166 I just want to know what phd means

@timohuhnholz 2 года назад

@@shineder.7498 It's an abbreviation of the latin "Philosophiae Doctor" it just means that you have a doctor title in some field of study

@refqiefarhan7119 2 года назад

@@shineder.7498 sorry to interupt, it's a title for someone expert in a field, that's the simplest term i can tell you

@BestSoldier7 2 года назад

He's reeeeeally passionate about mathematics, his eyes shines like stars. Love that

@VK-ox2fw 2 года назад

Indian

@miks_w8945 2 года назад

@@VK-ox2fw American

@bussycat3468 2 года назад

@@VK-ox2fw ok so?

@chadj1797 2 года назад

@@bussycat3468 He's just implying how every Asian is passionate about Mathematics.

@robbyjulian311 2 года назад

@@bussycat3468 if you're an engineering student you'll know that all of the engineering tutorial/problem solving videos on RU-vid are created by Indians. We owe them haha

@intannurhidayah6422 2 года назад

This video popped up in my recommendation. I didn't even know what they're talking about but I love how the professor was talking. So calm but clear. I wonder how he teaches his students?

@tikiortaka Год назад

If teachers teach like this I am sure students would be excited to get to class!! Amazing Professor!!

@a_cleverfool 2 года назад

Had the privilege of studying Automata Theory with him as my professor. Truly brilliant and very good at explaining and fostering discussion.

@harbirsingh7266 2 года назад

Awesome. You definitely need a good prof for that course or else you won't get anything. I was lucky to have a good prof too.

@therealjayz8036 2 года назад

I wish I had him as a professor. I took a Compiler Design course, for which Automata theory was a requirement. I didn't do too well because my grasp on Theory of computation in general was questionable

@nicogovindsamy9022 2 года назад

One of my favorite courses I took. Unfortunately I didn't have a very active lecturer but I loved the content so much that the notes and textbook spoke for itself

@flmo322 2 года назад

Dudeee what an honor! For that class my professor was awful :( hope I do well in compiler design lol

@AlexandrBorschchev 2 года назад

I can honestly tell he's very passionate and extremely knowledgeable about many things. I have nothing but respect and admiration!

@question_mark_1971 2 года назад

But honestly that Grad student's research on providing statistics/Insight but doing so without disclosing any individual user's data is pretty fascinating and could have potentially huge impact on user data privacy and security. I really hope he's able to make some amazing breakthrough on his research.

@To-mos 2 года назад

Maybe we will stop seeing cookie confirmation windows on every website.

@sherwinzuniga4626 2 года назад

@@To-mos essentially what this whole video comes down too lmaoo

@GabrielBorges0 2 года назад

This area of study is already tremendously useful in practice! It's called differential privacy.

@nat0106951 2 года назад

Facebook inc. hates people like him

@ko-Daegu 2 года назад

@@To-mos cookies are still important for other functionalities

@ap1986 Год назад

I haven't watched but a couple of these videos. But I like the fact that you're basically teaching us about a subject in a crawl, walk, run format. Genius

@devanshishah532 Год назад

This has to be one of fav videos with a great teacher like him explaining something so complicated.

@garfieldsspaghetti 2 года назад

This teacher seems really down-to-earth and very articulate in his words.

@cleppy1311 2 года назад

Wait is he a teacher or scientist??

@NoahParkes 2 года назад

@@cleppy1311 Both! He's a professor of computer science so he teaches classes and courses as well as conduct his own research and likely assist and peer-review the research of other scientists

@oceyho 2 года назад

@@cleppy1311 well, a professor means he is all of them.

@codyfan7161 2 года назад

@@cleppy1311 He teaches the complexity and automata class at UCLA! I have had friends take his course

@fightfannerd2078 2 года назад

What a dumbb lazy comment Garfield

@sakekasi 2 года назад

Prof. Sahai’s classes at UCLA were amazing! I remember walking out of his lecture on Gödels incompleteness theorem with my mind blown

@joshpark8 2 года назад

does he have any lectures available online? he is so good at explaining

@shubhangmishra7063 2 года назад

They teach godel's incompleteness in undergrad??

@hawks3109 2 года назад

@@shubhangmishra7063 yep. It came up in my undergrad class as well, but I was in a math course that wasn't required for my cs degree. I think it was predicate logic?

@ko-Daegu 2 года назад

@@shubhangmishra7063 CS is heavy math that’s why

@francescolongobardi4505 2 года назад

@@shubhangmishra7063 Yeah, they do. In my case it was in a logic class

@sufsanin1917 Год назад

I like how he asks everyone to sum up the idea in their own words, to make sure that they fully understand everything.

@B_M Год назад

What a soft spoken, amazing teacher. Love this.

@ajwaddanwarr3409 2 года назад

I am impressed by Chelsea, this topic is really hard, but she managed to come up with a summary for what she learned in such a short time!

@BirdFinder100 2 года назад

THIS IMPRESSED ME BIG TIME!

@watwat2540 2 года назад

@@BirdFinder100 yea bc its scripted

@nalcow 2 года назад

Very smart girl indeed

@thisperson2517 2 года назад

almost because she's reading off of a script!

@dextervortexsungte5348 2 года назад

ajwadd anwarr nah, shang hua, explain very good came up with his own assumption, really fascinating

@barbicoh 2 года назад

Bro this guy is a great teacher. The way that he asks the earlier ones 'based on what we discussed what is zero knowledge proof to you' is genius because now the person needs to explain the concept based on what they have learned and in that moment they are not passively learning (by listening to a lecture) but also actively learning by applying what they have heard.

@steelsteez6118 2 года назад

@@invalleria hi my name is Giovanni Giorgio, but everybody calls me: zero proof

@jmsaucedo 2 года назад

There's a difference between the two experts, one saying 💡 and the other saying concepts. Was a beautiful debate. Thanks Google

@SirMevan 8 месяцев назад

The Child level example was nothing short of ABSOLUTELY BRILLIANT. I came back to this video because Im thinking about doing an independent study of zero-knowledge proofs with my professor for my next (final) semester. Getting my masters in CIS focusing in Cybersecurity. Amazing video!

@josephn364 2 года назад

What an amazing role model this man is. Teaching is actually only a small part of his contribution to society. Truly an honorable intellectual.

@clydesweetfeetlivingston1180 2 года назад

Yeah he's got smarts but how far can he throw a pigskin

@josephn364 2 года назад

@@clydesweetfeetlivingston1180 he could probably calculate the trajectory and spin required for a perfect spiral, or at least develop a computer program to calculate it. I wouldn't doubt in his pigskin throwing ability, he could learn it faster than most.

@clydesweetfeetlivingston1180 2 года назад

@@josephn364 Lol nice one m8

@officialjomo 2 года назад

how did blind man managed to recognize all these drinks ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-oZ6ZPhomysA.html

@steelsteez6118 2 года назад

@@officialjomo no one cares

@jaigoel596 2 года назад

I like how he doesn't even need examples to explain the grad and the expert and it's more like a flowing conversation about two topics that both people enjoy

@SwoopWoW 2 года назад

Well, he didn't explain it to the grad and the expert, because they obviously already know it. They were just having a conversation about it.

@SreenikethanI 2 года назад

yeah its more of a discussion as the level increases

@fathimanawal6173 2 года назад

They were having fun... God the passion their eyes was just sooooo cool to watch.....

@SowerOfMustardSeed Год назад

Just finished watching the Child Level explanation and the illustration. That’s more than adequate, and probably the best explanation.

@BelleRiverHeating Год назад

Really, there is still doubt for me about the existence of the puffin in the original picture.

@avb1301 Год назад

As a teacher, I could say that he is an amazing teacher.

@ggreyshade 2 года назад

this professor communicates so gently, i wouldve loved to have him as a professor during my CS degree.

@pk9392 2 года назад

a trait of good teacher is that she/he cross checks whether you got what has been taught. Instead most teachers "dust their hands" once class is over

@dibbidydoo4318 2 года назад

most? never met a teacher like that.

@silv3rArrow 2 года назад

Classes would double in time, which is not feasible for large classes. That's why you can go to the professor's office after regular class hours if you're trying to understand something for some time and you're stuck.

@Hannah-tb3zw 2 года назад

Teachers of younger ages need to be like that but come highschool and especially college it changes. Older students have to realize for themselves that they need help and are responsible for going to the teacher for help. I wish more people were taught this.

@raghuvenkatesan6792 2 года назад

I had one teacher like that he was great

@PK-uj8mp 2 года назад

Nice username bro

@ffx178 6 месяцев назад

Amit Sahai definitely deserves recognition for his passion in explaining topics. He certainly provides explanations that are superior to many sources on the internet.

@hasantao 2 года назад

I really liked the college level explanation. I think it was very complete and it showed the randomness and probabilistic way of zero knowledge proof.

@Mikasks 2 года назад

“It’s our job to make the impossible possible” Beautiful. That’s really the fundamental goal of researchers.

@ajendrisak 2 года назад

Amen to that!

@prateekpanwar646 2 года назад

Man this teacher can teach anything. He's amazing. Req: Wired, Can you make another video asking him some teaching tips / "How to teach anything to anyone in 5 different levels" like something? Would be super useful.

@toadalmoji5853 2 года назад

his explanations were brilliant but how do get that he can teach anything by him talking about only what he is an expert in?

@3stepsahead704 2 года назад

@@toadalmoji5853 I don't think he assumed that he can teach "anything" as in any topic, but that he can teach you to teach anything, because his teaching skills can transfer to any topic. I for instance am a medical doctor, do you think he can teach me how to teach my patients something depending on their "level"? Or maybe you think his skills to teach are totally non translatable?

@haghendowdy4750 2 года назад

@@toadalmoji5853 it's not about the subject but rather how he's breaking the information down into digestible pieces that the listener can understand.

@otakuhunter4817 2 года назад

@@toadalmoji5853 Einstein was a bad teacher because he couldn't mince words in accordance with his audience. It is about the skills on how you provide information rather the information itself

@fatihsonmez 2 года назад

if you can teach anything to anyone then why would you need 5 different levels?

@wichetleelamanit6195 Год назад

I am not a mathematician, but this is one of the most fascinating videos that I come across on RU-vid. Thank you.

@TilikaVispute Год назад

The teen part really cemented the example 🌟 glad to have learned something new today 🎉

@hyronharrison8127 2 года назад

Timestamps because I know you got sheit to do: 0:35 - Child 3:24 - Teen 6:08 - College Student 11:55 - Grad Student 17:05 - Expert Upvote for others to see.

@TheLopesclaudio 2 года назад

College Student aka "like"

@havefuntazarasu5367 2 года назад

The last guy seem both of them like having a blast

@Shirokokun 2 года назад

A fellow reddit / quora user isee ? 🤔

@hyronharrison8127 2 года назад

@@Shirokokun howd ja know? Lmfao

@Shirokokun 2 года назад

@@hyronharrison8127 *zero knowledge proof hahahahahah* (lmfao jk , you typed upvote and basically we have reddit and quora the popular two apps/websites where we use the term 'upvote') XD

@toulele 2 года назад

Wow... I love how he explains things and especially his "aura"--calming and not judgmental. Imho, pure of the intention to "I want to help you to understand this". Honestly, it has been a very long time I haven't feel this feeling. Very soothing...

@arizvisa 2 года назад

100%. All teachers should be like this. Education should have no bias and be pure as to allow the student to learn the subjects they need for their daily life. It's a shame in the US that academic policy and the related debates seems so contrary to this. Things like standardized testing seem to be being misused and opaque to the student...like a simple thing such as getting your test results back so that you can benchmark yourself on whether you're actually learning or your teacher is actually teaching could help. McGraw Hill's ALEKS program (digital) that they're using now doesn't even let you flip back to previous chapters, or re-take tests that you screwed up on...in order to allow you to re-learn something or even test yourself.

@jasminewhitehead1752 Год назад

Gosh this comment is perfect and needs to be pinned. In school it was never like this. There is never a feeling like “I want to help you understand stand this.” It’s always “just remember as much as you can.. grades are all that matter. You can forget afterwards.” Maybe I should change my mindset to this.

@jbrock76 Год назад

He's a good teacher for sure.

@blubei Год назад

He seems like a teacher with no ego, that only enjoys sharing what he knows, and he actually seems like he loves what he does.

@bryjbry Год назад

That’s why college was my favorite schooling, most of the professors loved what they taught and wanted to be there

@byrondormus898 Год назад

I'm no so fond of maths but I would be more than glad to attend to a class of this gentleman 👌

@AskWelmoed Год назад

Great video and what a great expert! So gentle and happy about his subject. Loved seeing his passion!

@ceedubs1564 2 года назад

"Lets say you are trying to prove you have 0.3 bitcoin" "OK so you have 0.2 bitcoin" Guy is charging the poor kid some exorbitant gas fees...

@OldManJenkins69 2 года назад

Mr 1st thought too😭

@hydralisk21 2 года назад

ROFL died at this comment 🤣🤣🤣

@D71219ONE 2 года назад

He looks like a proud father when he speaks to the grad student.

@BenGreen1980 Год назад

It's interesting to hear people recognize that a systemic lack of trust is one of the major problems we face, without recognizing that the way people build trust is not with math that enables them to keep not trusting each other, but by building relationships that grow our ability to be vulnerable. When I was a CS major 20 years ago, I'd have been right there with them, but since then I've come to realize that the solution to mistrust is not security, it's relationships, and ultimately vulnerability. You only really grow to trust people when you need them and see them show up for you, which necessarily means that to cultivate trust you have to be willing to need someone who might not come through. Therefore, learning how to need each other more is an essential component of building networks of trust.

@steverichards1556 2 года назад

22:22 And that's why science and scientists are rightfully held in such high regards.

@meowkat4043 2 года назад

This video just proved that my intelligence is at an 8 year old level

@Blizzardheart12 2 года назад

Same lmao

@Paretozen 2 года назад

BRUH NOT EVEN LMAOO

@OldManJenkins69 2 года назад

I don't mean to brag but I'm a smart as a 13 year high school student 😔

@iMohammedSu 2 года назад

Its your inftormation about this topic. In order to understand advanced levels, you need to have some back up knowledge.

@AlexandrBorschchev 2 года назад

you could do better than that

@clintonoh3108 2 года назад

There's something so intriguing about watching two highly intellectual and knowledgable people have a deep conversation about a topic they mutually share experience and knowledge even though you have zero understanding of what is going. Intelligence is truly a gift and a responsbility that should be used for the betterment of mankind.

@solonada9602 2 года назад

The main reason why I don't like viewing and listening to dialogues between two intellectuals addressing a complex topic they're profusely educated on, is because when you think about it to sufficiently deep extents, you can infer how jejune and monotonous the average person is. According to my experience, I can deduce that the average person has nothing unique or interesting to offer. The intelligent people have all of these exclusive privileges and opportunities that are products of high intelligence, which the average person intrinsically cannot have.

@gaiusjuliuscaesar9296 2 года назад

@@solonada9602 This is the product of living in an intellectual bubble and becoming either extremely narcissistic or extremely self-loathing. Either way it's not a healthy outlook on life.

@skinovtheperineum1208 2 года назад

@@solonada9602 - Yeah, that jejune.

@zhouwu 2 года назад

Could that be an example of a zero knowledge proof, in that you don't have a clue what they are talking about, but fully buy into the idea that both people actually know what they are talking about?

@skinovtheperineum1208 2 года назад

@@zhouwu - Yeah, like Hawking talking about what's going on inside a Black Hole. Nobody knows, nobody ever will know, and first nothing escapes and now Hawking radiation escapes, thus giving them a lifespan. How convenient.

@keshavjindal7395 Год назад

The best interaction for me was the graduate student one. Where he knew the concept enough to talk about it but at the same time learn more by raising relevant queries like how do I apply them in real life. Also, we need more hard problems part. :chef's kiss:

@gaunigauni84 Год назад

I like this kind of teacher when teaching a child. Not very overactive, but calm and clear sound.

@arturotapia9063 2 года назад

It may sound weird but seeing the smile on they girl when she "gets it" made me cry, it's just so beautiful to me to see people being fascinated by new knowledge, I wish the education system was able to give people more moments like that

@siddheshzadey9714 2 года назад

beautiful comment, so true!!

@aarnzoo5124 2 года назад

Yes! He’s such an incredible and engaging teacher. If all teachers taught like this, I have no doubt that students would be much more interested and invested in learning!

@tuxievous420 2 года назад

Too much tequila not that big of a deal lol

@sanoshimano7127 2 года назад

I felt very touched by their interaction but I couldn’t make out why - through this I understand. Thank you!

@lildon112 2 года назад

Man this makes me miss being in the academic space. I miss casually running into professors and fellow grad students and hearing their profound perspectives on all sorts of concepts.

@ko-Daegu 2 года назад

True this is the best thing about collage

@blazeit4905 2 года назад

I wish I could be this smart. I just never seem to grasp concept that gets a little bit complex!

@YeshuaKingMessiah 2 года назад

No online? The worlds a small place now, BBS boards were casually posting to see who would respond and how would it be

@karm_yogi-r 5 дней назад

I am working on this research area and i still come here to appreciate the clarity prof amit sahai provides

@DaenGaming Год назад

Only took a few seconds to see this guy is a great educator and likely person. I love his energy, he just radiates kindness and a lack of judgemental...ness.

@siddharthrao5185 2 года назад

I love how Dr. Amit gets extremely happy talking to the PhD student. He genuinely cares about spreading knowledge and seems to truly find joy in its practice.

@flizbath7395 2 года назад

Anyone else appreciate Dr. Sahai's clear, calm and gentle manner of speaking? I would love to have had an instructor like this irl. Also, excellent use of the penguin-puffin poster and the safe with the 10 and 13 year olds. Just wonderful!

@briandawley7808 Год назад

The teen example is like RSA/public key cryptography. The prover can "prove" they are who they are by encrypting a message with their own private key, and the verifier can verify by decrypting it with the public key. Likewise, the recipient/prover can prove they received a message that was encrypted with their own public key by decrypting it with their private key.

@creativside 11 месяцев назад

I love this series so much, thanks for making these Wired. Please don’t stop

@isaakwillett5256 2 года назад

Why is he so much nicer and easier to understand than every one of my graduate advisors and professors...can I take his class?

@Mikasks 2 года назад

He’s a much more charismatic person.

@RDKirbyN 2 года назад

Passion

@i12r39 2 года назад

Because the concept is so cool that he himself is also stunned and enthusiastic about that

@chufflangs 2 года назад

Top school ;)

@UslennoX 2 года назад

because some do it with passion and other for just the pay check

@ZulfiqarAli-hi3eu 2 года назад

Even though I am a grad student I only understand when someone explains to a child for some reason

@zeinfeimrelduulthaarn7028 2 года назад

Lmao This

@peacheroseee 2 года назад

same 🗿

@dot-ammar 2 года назад

those two spammers just heard "im 18+" lol, if it ever gets deleted, im not weird. Two people replied with spam links.

@JustAnjuK 2 года назад

@@dot-ammar They're probably hacked accounts or bots. Just report them. I've seen those two on just about everywhere already.

@zeinfeimrelduulthaarn7028 2 года назад

@@dot-ammar they’re bots Ignore

@christophergaspar6520 Год назад

the last level was no longer an explanation it was a discussion beautiful to see

@jixpuzzle Год назад

Yeah, you're right! That's because both of them are experts and are on pretty much the same level.

@nexgaming9961 2 года назад

Amit did an amazing job at teaching this difficult topic! Great job XD

@Ianmundo 2 года назад

I like the explanations fit for the child and teenager, I am 34 years old and have always worked in software 😅

@DannoHung 2 года назад

I feel like at the PhD level they weren’t even explaining anything. And there are a bunch of questions at the freshman level that I’d want to ask. Like, in an iterated three color problem, couldn’t I as the prover just return arbitrary results? What ensures to the questioner that I’m not changing the answer behind their back?

@OrangeC7 2 года назад

@@DannoHung I was having trouble understanding why the proof worked, too. I think my problem with it was the same as yours. Because you have already chosen all of the colors in the envelopes before the verifier can pick two at random, and the verifier can visually assess that you have not tampered with the envelopes after the pair was chosen, the verifier knows that if you were lying about the 3-colorability there is a chance you have two identical colors next to each other. The key is that the verifier chose the envelopes after you have already rearranged *all* of the envelopes. Otherwise, if you knew which two envelopes the verifier would pick, you would be correct and could easily "prove" it without really having an answer

@DannoHung 2 года назад

@@OrangeC7 Ah, ok. I see, so the protocol requires that the prover and the verifier arrange some method such that the "shape" of the newly-colored proof is embedded in the challenge/response in order to ensure that there can be no tampering. That wasn't immediately obvious.

@noobmasteryoyo5136 2 года назад

@@OrangeC7 so is this a vigorous proof that it’s 3-colorable, or are we supposed to infer that the probability of it not being 3-colorable is very very very low after being verified a huge amount of times? That’s my question with the explanation

@JoeARedHawk275 2 года назад

@@noobmasteryoyo5136 Although I’m not studying cryptography, I would assume that billions of calculations take place per second or every few seconds. That would be a certainty of over like 99.9999999%? Unless I’m totally wrong on how this works though lol

@doridorothy 2 года назад

everybody in this video just exudes positive energy. The scientist is a great teacher.

@Anish-IITP Год назад

this was so interesting especially the convo with the grad student.

@NeilHaran Год назад

A simple example for the child could be with the game Rock Paper Scissors. Both players have a little box that they can put a piece of paper with their move on it. When they're ready, they exchange the boxes, and open it. A more expert example of the same RPS example could be like this: 1. You and your opponent both pick your choice (Rock, Paper, or Scissors) secretly. 2. Along with your move, you have a secret random number plus a timestamp (the current time you submitted the move). 3. A hash is created combining your move + the secret number + timestamp for each player 4. Both of you submit the hashes to the blockchain. 5. At the time of reveal, the choice, random number and timestamp are shared with each other. 6. Now you can verify if the hash matches with the calculated hash.

@The23rdGamer 2 года назад

Fantastic teacher. If it wasn't for his explanation, I would've been too intimidated to stay on this video about a topic I knew I'd struggle with.

@officialjomo 2 года назад

how did blind man managed to recognize all these drinks ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-oZ6ZPhomysA.html

@submittedbymail 2 года назад

I dont think the emperor is wearing clothes.

@clutchkish 2 года назад

@@officialjomo great question

@want-diversecontent3887 2 года назад

@@officialjomo Before I watch, the answer us taste

@vipahman 2 года назад

The sad part is that most teachers would be like this if they have an interactive student in front of them. Unfortunately, our students prefer to interact on social media rather than in person.

@FavrrYT 2 года назад

I love how with each level, the explanations became more and more conversational as the educational prowess of each person the professor is talking to increases. Cool video idea.

@knight0891 2 года назад

@AnkitKumar-hy8hr Год назад

All this time my wife was using zero knowledge proofs. She always proved that it was my mistake without sharing any specific details

@leonponce8437 Год назад

The talk between the two specialists was very informative.

@mmd.04 2 года назад

I wish all my teachers taught me things like how this guy taught the child. Simple and effective.

@shamirahsimra9707 Год назад

Exactly

@rajdas1201 Год назад

Most Indians are good teachers but the Indian education system needs a revamp. He teaches in the US but he was surely born in India. He still has an Indian accent which he tries hard to hide under his acquired American accent.

@user-xu4xw6jm7d Год назад

@@rajdas1201 hes really fluent, i could honestly not tell english wasnt his first language but its not mine either so idk

@juana7035 Год назад

@Raj Das he is an American, born in California. He speaks proper English and isn't hiding a non-existent Indian accent. You're spreading fake news about this man, stop it. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amit_Sahai

@thedawapenjor 2 года назад

I've noticed that when they get to experts instead of getting more specific they usually end up going back to the fundamentals and philosophy of the subject.

@ndndnd1 2 года назад

actually not only for experts, it should be like that for everyone . if u want to understand & learn but kot not memorising things, u should know the philosophy or fundamentals. Then u could process any kind of information given about the topic.

@gingeral253 2 года назад

@Gabe Ron Big words very fancy.

@meaett 2 года назад

Once you get to that level, the methods become common knowledge. The philosophy of which methods are worth pursuing becomes the real discussion

@Evolved_Monkey Год назад

6:55 what you're basically asking me is: "wait, what?" i loved it!!

@dandandan3675 2 года назад

Imagine the child saw the puffin at 1:24 💀💀

@damnfreakingsien 2 года назад

As a final year computer science student, I still barely understand “Np complete” but this explanation is super useful! It’s like abstraction.

@Drewer Год назад

i wonder how he didnt explain what NP stands for, and why its important

@nikhilanand7805 Год назад

@@Drewer ig np stands for non Deterministic polynomial. Basically in cs, algorithms are tested wrt to their time and space complexity, all algorithms whose time complexity is non deterministic yet polynomial come under this np class, algorithms like knapsack, TSP, etc are all considered as np problems, and there is a further classification of algorithms under np class as np-hard and np-complete. It's a lot of theory but still it's interesting if you're into this field.

@Bobbakkb Год назад

@@nikhilanand7805 P vs NP was a Sar dard! Head ache! Tala noppi!!

@TechBroMushrooms Год назад

Polynomial vs Non polynomial, it just designates the time complexity of the problem, but the completeness part indicates that if you could prove that any one NP complete problem could be solved in polynomial time then they all could. Current mathematical theory suggests P doesn’t equal NP, ie none of them can be, but the meme shows up all over. The Simpsons reference it in an episode on a blackboard if you look close.

@usamaali307 Год назад

Flew right over my head when we studied it

@MasonMC 2 года назад

the college student definitely appreciated the explanation and you can see how invested he was in the topic

@ko-Daegu 2 года назад

All really

@Immersivelyco Год назад

This is simply fantastic! Thank you @WIRED!

@naz6736 Год назад

Amit seems like the nicest guy on planet earth. make anyone feel comfartable around him !

@kitcutting 2 года назад

My favorite part of this was when they (the postgrad and the expert) moved into the whole philosophy of it: what is ‘knowledge’ and what is ‘data,’ when you have the ability to predict additional information during a transaction? That gives me mad chills thinking about it

@Scarbuckks 2 года назад

I could listen to this dude talk about literally any subject and I'd retain the information. What a great educator

@nicolasflamel3489 Год назад

If not for anything else, videos like this is the reason why everybody in the world deserves to have access to the internet.

@DigitalAndInnovation Год назад

This isnot only one of the best folks you have had on here- This concept is something people don't wrap their head around- on the basis they didnt understand it was a thing. The somewhat outdated randomly seeded MD5 hash- was just this... If you have not learned about how hashing works and why seeding a hash is much more secure- it is hard to imagine how it is even possible a password is not stored as plain text- and also encoding cannot be logged and reverse engineered. It is so cool to see how else it can be used outside of storing passwords without knowing them.

@skoldpadda9 2 года назад

The 10-year-old's question at the end of her segment is impressive for her age.

@martin8123 2 года назад

ngl it sounds like they told her to ask that

@h3llo0cto 2 года назад

I LOVE the expression of pride and admiration and excitement on the interviewer's face when talking with the grad student. He's soooo happy that someone up-and-coming really gets it. ^___^ I don't get it completely, but I'm glad there are people out there who love to learn and love when others learn, too. Fantastic.

@skarpis5000 Год назад

He might also be the guys advisor. I could instantly tell he was super happy with his understanding and explanation.

@reeti5958 2 года назад

One of best things about this video is it implements zero knowledge proof. Because the main host proves to us that he knows this concept in detail without actually revealing anything in detail about how or what he knows about the zero knowledge proof. But we still believe him because he just shows us the outer working shell, the basics he discussed with people in first 3 levels and by discussing vague details about the concept with other two.

@manavkumar6590 Год назад

This is just plain wrong 😂😂😂

@jan8742 2 года назад

that college student thought he was so smart by asking that question, glad Amit put him in his place. Always hated those kids in college who thought they could impress the teacher with an unnecessarily wordy question.

@michaelgrius6595 2 года назад

It amazes me how passionate the conversation got when the grad student got on...I've not heard a real and genuine math conversation in a while...appreciate y'all

@raphaelmadrid 2 года назад

If he were my professor, I would attend every lecture even if I already know the topic.

@SuperYtc1 2 года назад

Until your alarm goes off at 7 and you know you could just hit snooze for another 2 hours instead…

@lostsoulgirl 2 года назад

@@redloopy this was much needed

@alexa.online Год назад

I've been struggling to decide if I should really go into computer science as my major and him explaining the basic level to a child had me thinking yes I should use zero knowledge proof purely to find puffins.

@RayanMADAO Год назад

Computer science is good if you like thinking very logically

@ArghyadeepPal Год назад

I'd highly recommend taking up CS. I was also in the same situation as you once when I opted to go for Maths first and was least interested in CS even in my high school years. But getting in CS made me love Computer Science so much. I'm finally post graduating with my Masters this May.

@jbrock76 Год назад

This sounds like a balance between trust, fear, sharing, security, limits, and efficiency. There are other aspects I'm sure you can add. I want to give something, but I want to keep and protect something at the same time. I need you to trust me, but I don't trust you or someone else out there, so I have to safeguard what is mine. This is definitely our world right now.

@alejandromorgan9295 2 года назад

The way the Doctors at the end talk about the beauty in math, make me think in how much passion you require in order to actually understand and develop a Zero knowledge proof ecosystem. This was a great talk! thanks Doctor Sahai and Wired!