Cosmic Inflation and the Origin of the Universe 

The Inflationary Epoch happened or something nearly exactly like it, happened when the universe was extremely young. During the Grand Unified Theory (GUT) Era, the universe became the nearly flat, critical-density Cosmos we see today. In order to understand it, we have to bring in an incomplete theory: Quantum Gravity. We use this to approximate the wild phase transitions that must have occurred in order to force the expansion of space at speeds exponentially greater than light! From an early quantum foam, arose a false-vaccuum that contained all the energy of the cosmos. Oddly enough, this epoch can be observed as effects of gravitational waves on CMB. The Inflationary Epoch solves a number of problems associated with the Standard Big Bang model. It also raises some wild questions about the nature of the origin of the cosmos. This is part of my complete intro Astronomy class that I taught at Willam Paterson University and CUNY Hunter.
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The basics: simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inf...)
Inflationary epoch: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflati...
Cosmological Inflation: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflati...)
Critical Density: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedma...
Grand Unified Theory (GUT): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_U...
Quantum Gravity: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum...
Phase Transition: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_t...
BICEP2 attempt to see effects of gravitational waves on CMB: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BICEP_a...
False Vacuum: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_v...
Quantum Foam: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum...

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