Build a Stone bridge with natural stone :
Building a small arch stone bridge involves several steps, requiring careful planning and craftsmanship. Here's a simplified guide to the process:
1. Design and Planning:
Determine the span and load: Assess the span (width) and the expected load the bridge will carry (pedestrians, vehicles, etc.). This influences the arch curve and stone size.
Select the site: Choose a stable location with solid soil or bedrock, especially at the foundation points (abutments).
Draw a plan:Based on the span and desired height, create a plan showing the arch curve. The curve should follow a perfect or semi-circular shape, known as a "voussoir" design.
2. Materials and Tools:
- Materials:Large stones for the arch (preferably wedge-shaped or cut into trapezoidal shapes for proper interlocking), smaller stones for filling gaps, mortar or dry-stone method (if traditional), gravel or crushed stone for foundations.
- Tools:Hammer, chisel, trowel, level, string line, wooden formwork for the arch (centering), shovel, and other basic masonry tools.
3. Prepare the Foundation:
- Excavate the site:Dig out the foundation area where the abutments will sit.
Build abutments:Lay a strong foundation using large, stable stones or concrete to form abutments (vertical supports) on each side of the stream or valley. Ensure the abutments are level and securely anchored.
4. Construct the Centering:
Build a wooden formwork (centering):Construct a temporary wooden framework to support the arch during construction. The centering should match the arch curve and be strong enough to hold the weight of the stones.
5. Lay the Stones for the Arch:
Start with the keystone:Begin laying stones at the edges of the arch (called "springers") and work your way toward the center, alternating sides. The keystone (the topmost central stone) is the last to be placed. Ensure all stones are wedge-shaped and fit tightly together.
Place stones evenly:The stones should radiate out from the center of the arch, with the narrow end facing inward. Use mortar between stones for bonding, or if using the dry-stone method, fit the stones as tightly as possible.
6.Fill the Voids:
- Once the arch stones are in place, fill any gaps between them with smaller stones or gravel. This adds stability to the arch.
7. Build the Deck and Parapets:
After the arch is completed and the mortar has set, carefully remove the centering.
Add the deck:Place stones or slabs on top of the arch to form the bridge deck. Ensure the deck is level and stable.
Build parapets:Construct low walls (parapets) on either side of the bridge for safety and aesthetics.
8. Finishing Touches:
Backfill the sides:Add gravel, soil, or other materials to the sides of the bridge to blend it into the landscape and prevent erosion.
Inspect and test:Ensure the structure is stable and sound by testing the load capacity.
Important Considerations:
Drainage:Make sure to incorporate proper drainage solutions to prevent water damage or erosion around the abutments.
Stone selection:Use durable, weather-resistant stones like granite, limestone, or sandstone.
Safety:Use proper safety equipment, especially when handling heavy stones.
By following these steps, you can construct a strong and aesthetically pleasing small arch stone bridge.
30 сен 2024
