Crash of the Titans: Hubble's Universe Unfiltered

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Astronomers have known for decades that our Milky Way Galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda Galaxy are approaching each other. What we haven't known is just how close the encounter will be. Recent Hubble measurements have been able to pin down the trajectory with a smashing conclusion: in about four billion years the two galaxies will crash together in a nearly head-on collision. Further, the spiral galaxies will have completely merged and transformed to create a single elliptical galaxy around six billion years in the future.
"Hubble's Universe Unfiltered" is a recurring broadcast from HubbleSite.org, online home of the Hubble Space Telescope. Astrophysicist Frank Summers takes viewers on an in-depth tour of the latest Hubble discoveries. Find more episodes at HubbleSite.org.
HubbleSite page: hubblesite.org/explore_astrono...
* Notes
NASA's Hubble Shows Milky Way is Destined for Head-on Collision with Andromeda Galaxy:
hubblesite.org/newscenter/arch...
Milky Way drawing
Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, R. Hurt (SSC-Caltech)
www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images...
Milky Way panorama
Copyright: Axel Mellinger (used with permission)
home.arcor-online.de/axel.mell...
Large Magellanic Cloud
Credit: David Malin
Copyright: Australian Astronomical Observatory (used with permission)
www.aao.gov.au/images/captions...
Small Magellanic Cloud
Credit: NOAO/AURA/NSF
www.noao.edu/image_gallery/htm...
Andromeda Galaxy
Credit: Bill Schoening, Vanessa Harvey/REU program/NOAO/AURA/NSF
www.noao.edu/image_gallery/htm...
Triangulum Galaxy
Credit: T.A.Rector (NRAO/AUI/NSF and NOAO/AURA/NSF) and M.Hanna (NOAO/AURA/NSF)
www.noao.edu/image_gallery/htm...
Local Group Schematic
Credit: Christine Godfrey
Visible Light Spectrum
Credit: Wikimedia Commons user Philip Roman
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...
Neon Pizza Sign
free-images-etc.rb-d.com/wp-co...
Neon Spectral Lines
Credit: Wikimedia Commons user Jan Homann
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...
Hydrogen Spectral Lines
Credit: Wikimedia Commons user Jkasd
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...
Interacting Galaxies UGC 8835
Credit: NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration, and A. Evans (University of Virginia, Charlottesville/NRAO/Stony Brook University)
hubblesite.org/newscenter/arch...
Barnard's Star Proper Motion
Credit: Steve Quirk
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...
Stellar Deep Field
Credit: NASA, ESA and T.M. Brown (STScI)
hubblesite.org/newscenter/arch...
Milky Way and Andromeda Collision Scenario
Credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Feild and R. van der Marel (STScI)
hubblesite.org/newscenter/arch...
Milky Way, Andromeda, Triangulum Encounter Visualization
Visualization Credit: NASA, ESA, and F. Summers (STScI)
Simulation Credit: NASA, ESA, G. Besla (Columbia University), and R. van der Marel (STScI)
hubblesite.org/newscenter/arch...
Music "Stars"
Credit: Shamil Elvenheim (CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0)
freemusicarchive.org/music/Sha...
Earth in Hammer-Aitoff Projection
Credit: Wikimedia Commons user Strebe
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...
Milky Way, Andromeda, Triangulum Encounter Visualization - Hammer-Aitoff Projection
Visualization Credit: F. Summers (STScI)
Simulation Credit: G. Besla (Columbia University), and R. van der Marel (STScI)
Illustrative Sky Views of the Milky Way-Andromeda Collision
Credit: NASA, ESA, Z. Levay, R. van der Marel, and G. Bacon (STScI), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger
hubblesite.org/newscenter/arch...
Andromeda Constellation
Credit: A. Fujii (used with permission)
www.davidmalin.com/fujii/fujii...

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4 апр 2013

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Комментарии : 1,3 тыс.

@UditNagarudngr 3 года назад

Why doesn't RU-vid recommend these videos ?

@MAMP 3 года назад

There’s probably someone in Andromeda giving a presentation on us as we speak, referring to our galaxy as the “Bleep-Blorp Galaxy”

@douglaslang2218 3 года назад

I was thinking the same. Or many on both.. I always get a sense of overwhelming energy when I think of how massive the universe is.. we wouldn’t even qualify scale-wise to be compared to a piece of dust in an airplane hangar…

@TheAajaya999 3 года назад

They're probably referring to our home galaxy as the 'blue-eyed doggone-sad-momentair galaxy' 🤔

@eggspanda2475 2 года назад

nah it finished 2.5 million years ago

@Aotearoa-NZL 2 года назад

I think Andromeda doesn’t have Trump

@brianl9097 2 года назад

There is, we just Skyped with them last night

@95TurboSol 8 лет назад

This guy is a Phenomenal teacher

@mikemyers5000 6 лет назад

ye, also not disturbing the students with what will happen to the sun and earth around the first pass

@simonmcgrath4112 6 лет назад

95TurboSol he is a great teacher ur rite there but sadly by the time we start to merge the earth will be like Venus with no humans to see it but that view of andromeda in the nite sky wud be spectacular!!

@wieslawamorth547 5 лет назад

@@simonmcgrath4112 is tu ugh

@noshit61 4 года назад

Hahaha, at our present rate we will not be here to watch. Maybe after the current extinction event , in a hundred million years or so the Octopus will have evolved and will be running the show.

@curtcoller3632 4 года назад

Yeah, because you don't know any better in America

@stealthnegro001 4 года назад

The most amazing and sobering takeaway for me from this lecture comes at the very end, when Dr Summers mentions that when we look at the Andromeda galaxy today, we're looking at an object that's 2 million light-years away. What I did not hear Summers say is, that since a light-year is not only a measure of distance but ALSO of the time that it takes light to travel, that means that when we look at Andromeda now, we are seeing it as it appeared 2 million Earth years in our past. According to our best knowledge, modern humans (*Homo sapiens*) didn't even exist 2 million years ago (although our immediate ancestor, *Homo erectus*, did). Mind-bogglingly awesome stuff!

@420Khatz 4 года назад

There could be advanced civilizations right now in Andromeda, looking out at their own galaxy and the milky way, wondering for generations, "is anyone else out there???"

@420Khatz 4 года назад

And here' we both would have been, all along.

@jotegg1276 3 года назад

Then I take it that no one heard the first thing he said at the beginning..." this is a diagraph of the milky way galaxy, its not a picture of the Milky way".... If Hubble can take pictures of all these different cosmic features....why cant they get a better picture of Saturn, why do we waste money on satellites...to tell us that there are 27 more moons than previously thought. Neil Degrasse about aliens.." proof, physical proof is what scientist need, everything else is just word of mouth or conjecture"...

@intoxigamer3617 3 года назад

Take that a step further, and realize that the images we see in the Hubble Deep Field are light from distant galaxies...that left their origin stars *before the Earth even existed*. In many cases, you're looking at galaxies that shone their light before the solar system even started forming. By the time that our own planet was forming out of debris, the light from those galaxies was *already halfway here*.

@neagu78 3 года назад

He did mention in a previous video for beginners that all we see it's past.

@StefanVeres 4 года назад

That moment when you realize you were born 4 billion years too early

@jaymxu 3 года назад

Yup, and if that, how about a couple million, would at least that be enough? *pouts*

@Pauly421 3 года назад

By 4bn years the sun will have expanded and scorched the inner planets so life wont really be possible then so it's k. This is a good time to be alive

@pkmkb007 2 года назад

@@Pauly421 I was gonna say that. Sun gonna become a giant dying start in a few billion years and consume i believe half our solar system anyways.

@dutch-man 2 года назад

@@pkmkb007 presumably we've moved by then. Lol.

@georgegeronikos 8 лет назад

What a great video and it is explained so clearly. Who needs science fiction when real science is so amazing.

@EHeadhunterPL 7 лет назад

I agree. Probably that's why most of the fiction writers today went away from "pure" science fiction towards fantasy.

@karaffeltut 7 лет назад

true (but we still want sci-fi, though )

@nazaha859 7 лет назад

George Geronikos space is like sci-fi

@bigassdude7856 7 лет назад

Up-a-Creek yea you mean the science fiction the professors calt real science yu learnt about in college?? snowflake.

@louie29r 7 лет назад

The two are interrelated, as above so below, but depending on the person's own interpretation of reality he or she accepts thoughts as either illusionary (fiction) or real, and these thoughts make up our reality and self-imagine. However, in order for our soul to manifest here on Earth, we all agreed to turn off all our prior memories of who we were. In short, nothing is limiting us now except that which we believe. Fiction acts as fluoridated water because it serves to teach us good from bad but since both are very real we can also accept all is but an illusion but is fluoride really good? All anyone need do is imagine the power to vibrate, then do it at the same rate/frequency with all things living or not living but have a specific intention or question to that you wish to know. Once a person masters how to vibrate anything can be manifested just like in Quantum physics, this means we can pretty much decide what to manifest and what our reality is. With 2 trillion galaxies in our Universe; each containing 200 billion to one trillion stars each or more; each star/sun having a dozen or two or more orbiting planets; within an infinite amount of dimensions, all one need do is meditate and acquire the frequencies of a particular topic and go there in real time, this is also called astral projection, or with time changes "remote viewing" Therefore there are trillions of forms of intelligent life out there that have existed 10 billion years before Earth's existence, frankly one would have to be pretty stupid to see us as alone advanced or even intelligent. In reality, movies here are there for those who want to wake up or there for those who want to continue to sleep. If you don't believe this then ask yourself, is my reality the same as everyone else here? See Arizona Wilder here (10 parts 10 min each) on Utube or Pindar the Lizard King document on Google or better yet, Zaccaria Steichen on the Annunaki and Sumerian. Remember NASA is more gangster than the CIA, Really! So, goodbye to the fake NASA and welcome to the new NASA. If we have the ability to change timelines then this film is wrong because it encourages self-limiting thoughts and absolutes; it assumes we remain less than fifth dimensional/fourth density for 6 to 7 billion years with no escape, and a science of absolutes is no science at all, therefore, people should disclose and site their work, including the fact we all have the power to change things. So, Is the speed of light fixed, No! Then, what version of time/line is he speaking of?

@mhalton 4 года назад

"We'll get to see a really cool view of the night sky", that's called optimism.

@jaysonchilds4676 2 года назад

It will probably be cloudy here when it happens.

@dwathen9 7 лет назад

Astrophysicist Frank Summers - thanks so much. You do a terrific job explaining these things! You're very engaging.

@Savatage1964 4 года назад

WOW! I mean... WOW!! If I could be a time traveler.. I know "when" in time I'm going. To see that occur over millions of years would be amazing. Just...... WOW!!! That made me subscribe... SHOW ME MORE, DANGIT!

@silenttaisambalambi9192 4 года назад

I wish he was my science teacher during my youth days.

@gam3r0g_1d 3 года назад

should be mine today

@chosentonessournotes 3 года назад

I had an awesome astronomy teacher. After we finished our work for the day, he opened up the planetarium and just let us visualize all the stars and stuff while listening to Pink Floyd. Amazing stuff.

@TheDanSebastian 4 года назад

This is so awe inspiring! Grateful to be alive in a time where our knowledge of the universe seems to be growing so fast! Cheers Dr Summers!

@atticusmartinschannel 2 года назад

yet we still cannot explain the pyramids or replicate them

@onrch Год назад

@@atticusmartinschannel except we can???

@leonardfibigerlewis 3 года назад

First time watching your channel, and I have to tell you that I was captured by your enlightening lecture. Usually it takes some effort to allow myself to pay attention without getting lost due to my lack of knowledge on the subject. You have a Gift, treasure it and also I thank you for great content! Respect, Leo.

@TimD.Morand 5 лет назад

"IT'S COMING RIGHT AT US...!!" (jumps out of tower window)

@kiwitrainguy 3 года назад

You don't have to reach the ground for 5 billion years.

@jessedover6175 3 года назад

ARIPLANE!!

@justlukas701 3 года назад

I was born waaay too early wtf :(. I can hardly imagine being dead for billions of years by this time. What I would give to see it with my own eyes.

@edwigcarol4888 3 года назад

By this time there is no longer an earth. The lecturer has forgotten this basic fact.

@cathlic2007 3 года назад

@@edwigcarol4888 2 outcomes, either we won’t be alive by then and destroy each other or by then we would be able to reach galaxy’s by travel easily 🙏🏽

@elivean 2 года назад

He did an incredible job at explaining this astronomical event!

@jennifermahan6420 3 года назад

Love how he explains things so we'll ,and simply , that now my friends can see and understand why I just love this stuff!! So thank you for that and keep up the good work it's appreciated

@SteveMHN 5 лет назад

I love that he talks as though humans are going to be around to see the collision, I think humans will be long gone by that point.

@ashleyford8916 4 года назад

U and me both. But it's fun

@corazoncubano5372 4 года назад

At the rate we are going we will probably come up with some way of doing away with ourselves by then

@jurgenpinkpank2257 3 года назад

The AI humans will be scattered around the known universe at some point in the future to colonize other livable planets.Just saying.Something to think about.

@Actuary1776 5 лет назад

Ok, need to watch like 10 times again for it to sink in. But thank you for these videos, hope to watch you show us the first images of James Webb in the near future.

@beta700a 6 лет назад

3:15 The best explanation of spectrum ever! Now I FINALLY!OH!YEAH!FINALLY understood how spectrum works )) thank you!!!

@gamalielmattos6161 3 года назад

@puncheex2 10 лет назад

I did a study a while back. I reduced the scale of the Milky Way and everything in it to better understand things. I used a factor of 10^10, which reduced the sun to a ball 5.5 in across. The Earth was .025 inches across, and the orbit was about 50 feet in radius. Neptune's orbit was 1485 feet in radius. Now I placed the sun on the sand of Long Beach, near LA. The nearest star to ours, Proxima centauri, in scale, was in New York City, 2600 miles away. Now consider our part of the galaxy being invaded by a similar part of Andromeda; it could be represented by a star of Andromeda passing through, of, say from Minneapolis to Dallas. It too, could be around 6 inches in diameter. Even when considering the center of the densest star clusters we know of, star are still at least 9 miles from each other on this scale. Much much closer together, but not very close at all. Some other distances at this scale: light second - 1.2 inch moon orbit radius - 1.52 inch a light hour - 356 feet VY Canis Major's radius: 462 feet light year - 591 miles parsec - 1951 miles Andromeda - 15 billion miles. The radius of the event horizon of the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way - 0.05 inches. Imagine that. Twice the Earth radius. As Douglas Adams used to say, "Space is big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind-bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long way down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to space."

@hughjorgan7211 7 лет назад

Thank you for an excellent comment. I liked the math and perspectives. Regarding the Adam's quote, I'm curious of your educated opinion on a key question about the the 'space is big' metaphor: IF the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into? (I've heard of the multi-universe, folding-universe, duplicate-universe, (etc) theories). I'm curious what you think?

@ProfessorBeautiful 7 лет назад

i recommend *strongly* the channel PBS Spacetime. Your questions and lots like them are addressed magnificently.

@puncheex2 7 лет назад

Hugh, I really don't have an opinion. While I am a physicist of sorts, I'm not into enough cosmology to understand all the theories in that direction. As the Prof says here, PBS SpaceTime does have such a physicist, and would be a good lace to pursue that question.

@eriknystrom5839 7 лет назад

puncheex2 I liked that scaling.. should be more emphasized at school, even models and animations showing our solar system are totally our of scale. Of course they have to, to be able to explain seasons etc..but we should tell our kids that if the sun is the size of a big orange, the earth is smaller than a grain of rice 50 feet away...etc

@nosferatu8530 6 лет назад

I can listen to him for hours... this is amazing!! And you wonder why people fight on this planet...

@kandaman304 3 года назад

seriously...i've been wondering the same thing. we have WARS and political upheavals on this planet yet people explore the universe? something is MISSING in this picture.

@CooManTunes 3 года назад

Simple-minded analysis.

@_-BK-_ 3 года назад

Yeah same her, very interesting. Well there are a lot of sick people out there, so no wonder..

@psychiatry-is-eugenics 3 года назад

Poverty

@tyreza79 3 года назад

You will know inévitable it is to know why...

@ashdrive 4 года назад

Im understanding so much here, I feel like Im an astrophysicist 🛸 He's good...

@rrhone 6 лет назад

Hubble Unfiltered is my favorite NASA program because its focused, accurate, easy to understand and it condenses everything down to the basic facts and observations. Great Job NASA and this teacher, who is outstanding.

@danielxxgadd 7 лет назад

How is it possible to dislike this video. Some people are truly lost

@mimimas974 9 лет назад

At last thanks to Hubble Telescope videos and explanations I'm going to see and understand better the sky with my tiny Dobson Orion XT10 goto from a tiny island in southern sky Ile de la Réunion

@ajhproductions2347 4 года назад

I really enjoy the pacing and quality of information. This is how I prefer to learn things. Cheers!

@jonhagger9869 3 года назад

Dr Frank Summers, you are brilliant. As someone nearer to 80 than I care to reflect on who has forgotten most of my high school physics/math, I find your lectures readily understandable, in plain English. I have just commenced studying astronomy with the University of the 3rd Age (U3A) for retirees here in Australia and these lectures are forming a wonderful basis to understanding my lecturer. Please...keep 'em coming!

@foxylady1048 4 года назад

This is the first time I have understood the complexity of an astronomer teaching someone like me. THANK YOU FOR THIS SO VERY MUCH.

@DamnImSoBored123 11 лет назад

I want my room painted with hubble images! damn lovely

@Freekniggers 4 года назад

With glow in the dark stars and reflections

@dtriplett03 3 года назад

Ranjit Tyagi sooo...you painted your walls??

@donaldgtidwell2198 3 года назад

Me too

@ayushya31 3 года назад

nice and cute,my sister is A HUGE fan of space

@ayushya31 3 года назад

@@Freekniggers ya it would be awsome you know

@dilibau 11 лет назад

Finally, you're back Dr Summers! welcome

@mysticranger6894 3 года назад

can you imagine if when andromeda crashes and you in milky way, but when it sepearates before coming back crashing again, your star systems moves from milky way to andromeda? What a crazy new view you would have, and for the next 800mill have to wait until it crashes and combines again, takes hundreds of millions of years, we just cant comprehend it man.

@siheard4206 6 лет назад

I feel I'm repeating what's already been said, as I look through the comments, but it's so true. The way it's explained is just so clear and concise. Lots of videos talk about red/blue shift and elements being in absorption, which I understood, but to have it explained like this just made it crystal clear. Great job. Just love these uploads.

@psychachu 4 года назад

“This won't affect us at all” Five minutes later: “This will kick the sun out of orbit.”

@synth2318 4 года назад

Haha very funny

@chrisw647 4 года назад

@TreeofLife Eden In about 1.1 billion years the earth will be too hot to support any life on it anyway so we'll have much bigger problems to deal with loooong before Andromeda and the Milky-Way collide. 1.1 billion years is a long time. We'll either be extinct as a species by then or we'll need to be space-farers by necessity if our species wishes to survive the sun's slowly increasing heat. If we get off the earth by then, we'll have to survive about another 5 billion years to see Andromeda and Milky-Way merge.

@ChickSage 4 года назад

@TreeofLife Eden We're overdue for an extinction level event asteroid impact.

@ChickSage 4 года назад

@TreeofLife Eden Robert Marcus, H. Jay Melosh and Gareth Collins, of Imperial College London and Purdue University, as well as Robert Sanders UC Berkeley.

@ChickSage 4 года назад

@TreeofLife Eden Oh, they are called scholars for good reason and they do have some idea what's out there and how some stuff works. In fact, this is a real exciting time for people who study the cosmos, as there are some pretty amazing discoveries being made, on a regular basis. Their theories are only useless to people who don't use them :) peace

@fredparkinson1289 4 года назад

I laughed when you said we would be OK during the collision. Earth will be a burnt out cinder by then.

@welshlad6427 2 года назад

I find Astronomy so interesting. It’s just so hard to even imagine how big our Galaxy is…..how far other stars and Galaxies 🌌 are away from us, and how big the universe is. Crazy but wonderful.

@samjoy218 4 года назад

I'm not native English language, but I can say this video was one the best that I've seen. Thanks a lot professor👍🙂

@maikerukuku 4 года назад

Will you be my astronomy teacher? I just love the way you explain to us the details in this presentation.

@Electrion118 7 лет назад

Thank you so much for such a high quality presentation!

@nouser129 3 года назад

Finally, an explanation on how the red and blue shift are observed. Very informative.

@yendorelrae5476 2 года назад

This was 8 years ago! "Wow, this guy is good" says the reply we just received from somewhere in The Centauri system!

@tbluge 4 года назад

somehow ended here and this guy is amazing.

@kenantahir 4 года назад

17:25 they are NOT our ancestors, they are decsandads!

@adrianbundy3249 4 года назад

The big IF being if they indeed are there at all. At that point, earth will definitely not be habitable, and venus will already have been engulfed by the sun, and our oceans are 100% cooked at this point. Specifically the IF is if we manage to finally get off this rock and survive elsewhere at that point in time, because that is the only way any of our descendants will be witnessing this.

@adrianbundy3249 4 года назад

@Jeff somersby Most doctors I know relish the opportunity to be corrected, and I know a few of them. Besides, one thing most people agree with is this: They hate grammar nazis. We all understood what he was trying to say.

@843idfa 3 года назад

It’s American English, so get the point and let it pass.

@markden21 5 лет назад

I wish Dr. Frank was my science teacher over the entirety of my schooling and then university.

@mansoormattil1264 4 года назад

Science is stranger than fiction 👌 It is so amazing when we go deep into science..... into galaxies.....Red shift & Blue shift....... The farthest the star is the fastest it moves....... Edwin Hubble .... so we named the first Space Telescope after him ✌️... Good & Informative lecture 👌👌👌🙏🙏🙏🌏🌍🌎🌐😎

@madhatter42o 3 года назад

You blew my mind utterly to bits. This stuff is AMAZING!

@adilsonsf 4 года назад

Thanks for teaching me. Thanks to God and to my level of study I can understand what you are explaining. Cheers.

@cnc_channel510 3 года назад

God? What an idiot.

@ebrahimadel4468 3 года назад

@@cnc_channel510 God exists. Evidence? Look everywhere and at your body and question how all of that came out of nowhere in its own without a creator, do you really think your existence is a coinecidence? That there's no purpose to your creation? That you'll die and that's the end? If so, you need to change your look at life.

@mellowmonsoon278 3 года назад

"Magellan didn't discover it..., anyone in southern Hampshire could see it... he just came back and informed Europe about it" Respect !! :)

@smoath 3 года назад

People in the southern hemisphere didn't discover it. It was seen by biological organisms millions of years ago before humans existed.

@mellowmonsoon278 3 года назад

@@smoath no one said people in southern Hampshire discovered it LOL

@smoath 3 года назад

@@mellowmonsoon278 I know

@karaffeltut 7 лет назад

Best I have ever seen on explaining space-stuff. (I watch allot of space documentaries). Crystal clear explaination, no overproduced cheesyness, yet not at all gray or geeky - just clean stight to the point and beautiful!

@migraine516 7 лет назад

I just smoked a doobie....I'm sitting here all :0

@mikedegracias8616 6 лет назад

I'm doing the same.. Chill AF

@Phineas_Freak 5 лет назад

Watching-docus-high-gang represent

@ubivermiscerritulus195 4 года назад

I ate a trinity brownie.

@spikeleestree8015 6 лет назад

Love ur passion. Great video. Hubble has given us the stars so to speak. Just an unbelievable contribution to science that keeps on giving. So successful it would be unbelievable 40 years ago..

@TheNightFlower 4 года назад

That was the clearest and easiest to understand explanation of spectroscopy and red/blue shifting I’ve seen. Great video.

@surfside75 3 года назад

If these videos aren't being shown in public schools they should be. Great series.

@tijuanagringo 9 лет назад

Thank you for a detailed, straightforward, and artistically enhanced explanation of the possible/probable distant future in galactic real estate.

@1337Jogi 7 лет назад

Q&A Block: Q: Why does Andromeda move towards us while you said that the whole universe expands? A: There are a number of objects in the universe that are bound by gravitaional pull. The largest are galxy clusters, which are a large group of galaxies. Just as the stars in a galaxy and the planets in a solarsystem galaxies can be bound together by gravitavional pull in a cluster or group. In groups and clusters the gravity is strong enough to counteract the overall expansion of the universe. Q: What will happen to our sun and solarsytem during the crash. A: It will propably get thrown out of the newly merging galaxy. As for our solar system that is no a big deal because the approximate time for that is on roughly the same scale as the natural lifetime our sun has left. It is estimated that our sun has a stable phase for around 9 billion years while we are pretty much at halftime. After that the sun will grow into a giant star and destroy the solar system in the process. Q: What happens to our eart and humanity A: It is estimated that our earth can support life for another 1-2 billion years so life on earth will propably not be present during the coillision of the galaxies. During the stable phase of a star it gets hotter slowly. This raise in temperature pushes the habitable zone outwards because the orbiting planets warm up too. Long before the regular end of our sun the conditions on earth will not allow normal life any longer. This of course will only happen life does not end due to some other cause. For humanity that wont be a problem either because at that point we will have died out or evolved past the crude need for a single planet. Q: How can hubble even shoot pictures while eveyting is moving. A: While there are alot of fancy filtering algorithms to improve picture quality of hubble the most important part is distance. Even the enormous speed of ~250km/s our sun has while orbiting the centre of our galaxy is not enough to make any difference regarding the enormous distance to even our nearest galaxy. Since hubble is in space it is not bound to the rotation of the earth and has no need to correct for the shift of view angle or any other interfering movemen.

@johnmccormick49 4 года назад

Finally someone who can explain the u universe in english. Not that he talks down to you, but he doesn't feel he has to put on parade every word he has ever learned. I have watched all of them and feel I have been given a good explanation of the universe and how it works. Thank you. I would like to buy you some new shirts though.

@pglpland 6 лет назад

A simple illustration thanks to an easy reaching from a top professor . Merci .

@BruceK10032 11 лет назад

Hiya Frank! It's good to see you here. Very cool video! I remember you well from the Rose Center. It was great when you came out to our solar-eclipse-observing event on Christmas Day in 2000 to give out eclipse glasses to the crowds..

@olchikla7225 11 лет назад

Great job guys! I really enjoyed watching it, could not even take my eyes off :)

@nyrlive 7 месяцев назад

How many of you out there keep rewatching these year after year? It’s my comfort food

@randysteele6741 3 года назад

This is the only RU-vid video I've seen where all of the comments are positive. Everyone's too in awe to be negative. That's so cool!

@kgblaugh 4 года назад

Awesome talks,so interesting, Im hooked to this series!

@Mutubeish 11 лет назад

Awesome video, thanks a lot! Loved it! I've had a question since the day i "learned" about, past the light true a spectrum... And where is a b etter place to ask it then here :D "How do scientist now that the light there "use" isn't dirty or distorted by other stars,galaxies... I mean the light we get is light from a endless amount of space" (sorry for my english)

@paul1e 3 года назад

"Here we see the moon orbits earth".... at school 🤣

@simonchung9813 6 лет назад

Extremely well explained. I'll remember this next time I look at M31.

@leachim1989 5 лет назад

Cool speech!! Thank you! Just amazing to think about it 🥰

@sethzky77 11 лет назад

That was awesome, thank you!

@gintaras58 7 лет назад

I love this guy - F. Summers makes me crazy - he is the best lecturer I heve ever listened. I myself am lecturing medicine in Vilnius university, Lithuania. I have a lot to learn from him....just incredible how he presents data to non-professionals. Thank you for putting videos like this.

@k.m.abdulhakim1801 2 года назад

I sware I've never been so satisfied with a educational video like this before. Hats off sir.

@Acke1974 6 лет назад

I love your enthusiasm! Though I thought our sun would expand and implode before this happens?

@sarahhaugh7922 4 года назад

Very true!

@gailmiller6333 3 года назад

@chanctonbury63 😂You’re a 100% correct!

@quazar912 2 года назад

according to another scientists - humans won`t be living/existing anymore in that far future.

@verenasonne3072 2 года назад

...and then "get kicked out of that orbit" (19:00) so there's nothing for us to worry about 😂

@jacobbelmontes4899 4 года назад

I'm going to set my DVR to record that. Wait, will we still have DVRs 4 billion years from now?

@georgeholder5076 4 года назад

I hope the collision is on a Thursday , because I don't wanna miss "Monday night RAW" LoL

@JosephM 4 года назад

You might have a DVR emulator by then

@rftulak 6 лет назад

It's comforting to know that the mergers of two massive black holes, each comprising the center of each galaxy, will have little to no effect on the earth.

@corazoncubano5372 4 года назад

I don't know about anyone else but that image of the night sky stars erupting as the galaxies merge look rather terrifying, I can't imagine how we earthlings would not suffer some ill effect from this.

@jameslukac6951 4 года назад

Thank you sir. That was really special, and very informative. The size of everything is quite mind blowing.

@naturalseawaterdesalination 8 лет назад

Dear Dr. Frank Summers, I am very thankful for your elaborate presentation describing the collision of our Milky Way, and Andromeda galaxies. I have for you, along with the science of astronomy, very simple questions: The skies are full of billions upon billions of galaxies. You mentioned in your presentation that the only known motion for all these galaxies is that they are expanding and moving away from each other. Consequently this will be a random motion in which each galaxy is choosing by itself a safe escape route????? And this is also the understanding of the Bing Bang Astronomical theory. May I ask you a simple question: Are you providing any acceptable logic? Or the truth is: Our present science of astronomy has no clue of any kind what is the trajectory of any galaxy starting from our own Milky Way galaxy, still also we do not have any clue, what is the center of these trajectories. You mentioned in your presentation: That despite that every galaxy is running away from the next one, however there is one exception which is Andromeda and Milky Way are approaching each other. Is there is any reason which can justify the negative behavior of Andromeda and Milky Way??? If you do not have any reason, then it would be far better to declare our actual level of knowledge which is clearly below zero. Our present knowledge have not yet reached the level zero, which is the neutral level of realizing the truth, then there is no need to reach conclusions which will fix on our forehead that our knowledge is simply totally negative.

@johig4378 3 года назад

The universe keeps expanding but it does it at different rates. Gravitational pull from one fly-by galaxy can pull another galaxy towards it, as in the case of Andromeda. Otherwise all planets would have escaped the sun's gravity and flown off. (The moon is an exception, as it moves away from earth at 1.5 inch annual increments.) Dark matter, dark energy and a whole bunch of physics formulas keep cosmologists up at night trying to figure out how it all works. It's tempting to be a nihilist because it is so easy to reject an education, but our collective "zero knowledge" as you put it, has placed men on the moon, discovered water on both the moon and mars, has landed a rover on mars which has taken photos for the past 7 years, Has collected a sample from an asteroid which can give us clues as to the big bang, and physicists have recently discovered that a black hole doesn't suck in matter, it rejects matter, it spits it out immediately upon entering. Now isn't that amazing what scientists have discovered even though you say they are so ignorant?

@naturalseawaterdesalination 3 года назад

@@johig4378 Dear Mr. Jig, Really it is great you are so optimistic about our civilization, however it would much better if you double checked if we really have grounded on the moon or not, please, double check again if we really have the capacity to land a rover on Mars or we are simply baffling... check again, please You do not need to go beyond our planet, do you know the efficiency of our car engines is less that 30%, which means we are heating the atmosphere using 70% of our fuel consumption, this happens simply for very silly mistakes, and I really do wonder how the monsters of car manufacture are not yet able to improve engine efficiency. Check the prices for anyone to get a residence in any country... a residence is a must needed by every person, being so expensive is another way to say that we have no clue how to build a simple residence, we are unable to avail in the market cheap construction materials, easy to use,... I hope I do not need more examples...

@Vidyut_Gore 2 года назад

I guess I should start saving up for a telescope. By the time the collision happens, I'll be able to buy a Hubble descendant with a few decades to spare.

@2manybooks2littletime25 3 года назад

I can't get enough Hubble photos. Galaxies and nebulae are the most beautiful things to see. I wonder if intelligent life exists in the galaxies that are colliding and how their lives must be affected (or ended).

@ProjectOverseer 6 лет назад

Fabulous information and stunning images. Thank you!

@0311Mushroom 3 года назад

18:40 we will look out then and see nothing. The Earth will be inside the red giant sun by that time.

@bluesskywoman 4 года назад

Amazing!!! So reassuring to know that 4 billion years from now, our sweet Earth won't get smashed when Andromeda and Milky Way collide 😊🌟

@mamacasteel 4 года назад

WOW - I actually was able to understand what was and will be happening between our Milky Way Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy "colliding" into us! This guy is absolutely phenomenal in being able to "teach" the ordinary person to understand in "English" and not into the astrological mumble jumble that is way, way past my comprehension!!! Thank you Mr. Summers...and by the way....you ROCK!!!!

@gloriahovde9208 9 лет назад

Educational and fascinating explanation of red shift and blue shift Hubble measurements. Thank you, Gloria K. Hovde

@melissasalazar2517 9 лет назад

You are such an amazing teacher!! Keep up the fantastic work! Thank You

@kujal4 4 года назад

3.854 to 3.879 billion years would be a great time to watch the sky

@firebearva 4 года назад

Note to self, put it on my calendar.

@saurabh9m 7 лет назад

Thank You for this amazing video. it was clear and informative.

@harkmay 4 года назад

"in 5 billion years there'll be nothing to worry about 'cause there's plenty of space between stars... " then later on... "we'll get a great view of the sky because when the galaxies collide lots of stars will explode!" "oh and we will also get knocked way out of our orbit in the galaxy..." ;D

@djpodesta 6 лет назад

Thanks for your post. I have finally found a scientific answer to my confusion about Andromeda and red shifts in light. Thanks again!

@blackholeentry3489 4 года назад

David Podesta....Actually, the Andromeda galaxy's light is blue shifted because it's moving toward us...or we're moving towards it. Either way, we are moving together. I first learned this 40 years ago.

@kc5287 2 года назад

Hubble space telescope is a fantastic telescope with awesome pictures,can't wait to see what the James Web telescope will show us

@JennyAmazing 9 лет назад

breathtaking

@Billy2011C 8 лет назад

You're amazing Jenny.

@yogeshparthasarathy4835 7 лет назад

Jenny Amazing o

@ogdocvato 10 лет назад

In 4 billion years Sol will be a red giant and the Earth will be uninhabitable.

@hori83 3 года назад

I discovered his clips yesterday and have to thank him for sharing all the beautiful images. If I remember the smart talks correctly, we are not going to see the collision, cause the life span of our sun has to be about 4 billion years.

@jeffreycabanellas8113 2 года назад

Wonderful !If only humans will survive to see it!May as well count the angels dancing on a pin.

@patrickcrews3977 5 лет назад

Just imagine what we will be able to see with the James Webb whenever it takes flight

@psychachu 4 года назад

When is this happening? It's supposed to be this year isn't it?

@MsMorgasm79 4 года назад

@@psychachu 2021

@Spinal2111 7 лет назад

Excellent video, but we need to worry about making it the next 500 years, never mind a few billion lol.

@godq3 7 лет назад

50, not 500.

@sam08g16 7 лет назад

With Trump 5 not 50

@sergeynovikov9424 6 лет назад

trump is nothing -- tech singularity is near within 10-15 years

@2720amn 3 года назад

Even after 7 years this video standalone to be best...great work...

@AwakenOclock 4 года назад

Im packing up after seeing this

@AwakenOclock 4 года назад

Im already here and here is there, just the same as there is here. But packing up to close a chapter in my soul journey which i couldn't be worse than how good i know i was, though not as good as i could have been.

@kpourhamidi 9 лет назад

That was excellent!!! Thank you.

@hectorkeezy1499 7 лет назад

Wont the Sun have burned up its fuel by then? Thus making the whole thing rethorical?

@hjembrentkent6181 7 лет назад

It's on the same time scale. I assume you mean theoretical not rhetorical, it's not because it will happen no matter what state the sun is in

@RnVTube 7 лет назад

From what I've read, yes the sun will be a red giant when this happens, we humans will not be able to see this from earth.

@PhilLaird 7 лет назад

Hjembrent Kent, I'm pretty sure he 'means' rhetorical since he was thinking the Sun would be gone by then. ...At least that's my theory.

@williammacdonald9870 7 лет назад

ya I was thinking that too unless estimations have change our sun will run out fuel approximately 5 billions earth years from now and then I think wont humans be extinct by then anyway or will we have warp drive and be in the process of ruining other planets oh well what can ya do

@uwepietsch3877 7 лет назад

Hector Keezy thats what I have read as well. In 7,7billion years it becomes a white dwarf and "several" billion years later light will be switched off. But anyway the human race is gone much earlier, within the next 200 years latest to my opinion ;) so just theoretical stuff, but nice to know for long winter evenings.

@Tbone6string1 4 года назад

Isn't our sun going to reach the end of it's life about the time Andromeda gets here? We may be shopping for a new home long before that happens, with the increase in temperatures on Earth. But not to be a wet blanket, I really enjoyed the presentation, well done!