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Introduction:
In this comprehensive video tutorial, we will delve into the fascinating world of lithophanes, a captivating form of art that combines photography, 3D printing, and illumination. Lithophanes are translucent plaques that, when backlit, reveal intricate images created by varying thicknesses in the material. These enchanting pieces of art have a rich history dating back to the 19th century and have found modern uses as nightlights, lampshades, and window hangings. Today, we will learn how to transform a simple photograph into a lithophane and send it to a 3D printer to bring it to life. Our example features the iconic Bill Murray, the Dog.
Step 1: Preparing the Image
To start, we need to prepare our chosen image for lithophane creation. Using Photoshop, we will enhance the image's clarity and contrast to ensure a successful outcome. First, we'll make the background editable, then use the object selection tool to isolate our subject, Bill Murray the Dog. By inverting the selection and deleting the background, we retain only our subject. Minor touch-ups, like removing unwanted details, can further refine the image. Adjusting contrast and brightness in grayscale mode helps visualize how the lithophane will appear when illuminated. Once satisfied with the image, save the file and proceed to the next step.
Step 2: Creating the Lithophane File
Now, we'll use an online tool called "Its Litho" to convert our image into a lithophane file. Its Litho simplifies the process and allows us to customize various parameters. After uploading the image, we'll find options to adjust the model's quality and shape. For this example, we'll choose a circular shape and keep the settings at their default values. However, we'll tweak the frame to provide better support during printing. Increasing the thickness while reducing the angle and depth will strike a balance between image quality and stability. Additionally, we can enable attributes like hooks for hanging. Once satisfied with the settings, download the STL file, which is essential for the 3D printing process.
Step 3: Slicing in Ultimaker Cura
To prepare the lithophane for 3D printing, we'll use Ultimaker Cura, a slicing software designed for 3D printing. Start by opening Ultimaker Cura and importing the STL file we downloaded from Its Litho. The software provides several tools to manipulate the model's position, scale, and orientation on the printing bed. Ensuring that the lithophane stands upright along the Y-axis optimizes print quality. We can also fine-tune settings such as layer thickness, infill density, print speed, and support structures. For lithophanes, a layer thickness of 0.1 mm and an infill density of 99% are recommended to achieve the best results. Adjusting print speed to a slower rate, around 20, enhances image clarity. Generating supports is crucial to ensure the lithophane's stability during printing. However, we must disable "use towers" to avoid obstructions on the image's surface. Finally, setting up a brim for adhesion and saving the G-Code file prepares the lithophane for printing.
Step 4: Printing the Lithophane
With the G-Code file ready, transfer it to your 3D printer. The Ultimaker 2+ used in this tutorial accepts G-Code files. Before printing, ensure that your 3D printer is correctly configured and loaded with the desired filament color. Depending on the complexity and size of the lithophane, printing may take several hours. The printer will meticulously layer the material, replicating the image's varying thicknesses to create the stunning lithophane.
Conclusion:
Creating lithophanes is a captivating fusion of art and technology. By following this step-by-step guide, you can transform ordinary photographs into captivating illuminated artworks using a 3D printer. Experiment with different images, shapes, and settings to unleash your creativity and produce stunning lithophanes that will captivate and enchant all who behold them. Enjoy the mesmerizing interplay of light and shadow as your lithophanes come to life, telling a unique visual story with every image.
1 окт 2024
