Mechanical design of Process equipment is a key subject for chemical engineers.
Here are some situations in which external pressure occurs relative to chemical engineering. We will discuss these situations and type of vessels. The first one is a vacuum vessel. This type of vessel purely designed for low internal pressure. The typical example is triple effective evaporators. The vacuum, in this type of vessel may be created with the help of vacuum pump, or steam injectors, second type is external jacketed vessel, for heating or cooling purpose. In this type of vessel hot fluid, steam or cold fluid flow outside the jacket, outside the shell in the jacket which may exert a greater pressure than the internal pressure of the contents. So, these types of vessels we can also say them the external pressure vessels. A typical example, of the batch type reactor, vacuum crystallizers, and so on. The third type of the vessels are vessel inside condensing steam or gas. In this type of vessel, gas or steam condensed inside the vessel. This results in low internal pressure, and greater external pressure. This situation often occurs in the gas cleaning or stream cleaning of vessels. For the design of the external pressure vessel, these are the most affecting parameters: the first one is thickness of shell t,
second one is diameter of shell D, and the third one is the length of shell L, and the fourth one is this strength of material of construction E. These four parameters have more effects on the design of vacuum vessel. So, we have to relate these terms, to see a combined
effect. In step one we will assume a thickness t. Any value of t can be assumed say 5,10, 15, or 20 mm in the start. And in the next step we will calculate dimension, L and D. L is the design length and D is the inside diameter. Dimension L should include one third the depth of the heads. This is very important for all, the vessels of various types of heads.
So, we will start with the calculation of design length.L. Here we have a vessel with the Hemispherical head and its related equation for the design length is, L is equal to LTT plus 0.33 into D. Here LTT is the tangent-to-tangent length, of the proposed vessel and D is inside diameter. And here we have a vessel with D, 0.8 metre, and LTT, 1.6 metre. And we will calculate the design length L, with the help of these dimensions. Here we have a vessel with tangent-to-tangent length.Length is 1.6 metre, inside diameter is 0.8 metre, and we will calculate design length of this vessel. We have to calculate the design length of this vessel.
We will plug the value of LTT.
That is 1.6, and inside diameter that is 0.8
As a result, we will get a,
design length, of 1.86 metre for this vessel.
Now we will discuss vessel with ellipsoidal head. In case of vessel, with ellipsoidal head, the design length L is equal to LTT plus 0.166D. By inserting the values of LTT and D we will get the design length L is equal to 1.321 metre and new length is 1.31 metre with same corresponding diameter. The next is vessel with Torrespherical head. And for this case the design length can be calculated by the following equation and L is equal to LTT plus 0.112 D. By inserting the preceding values, as in preceding case of LTT, and D, we will get a design length, for this type of vessel is 1.28 metre with the same corresponding diameter of 0.61. The next step three; and we will calculate
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18 фев 2022
