He went outside his area of specialty to get assistance from engineers. I'm sure scientists do this all the time, but kudos to him. Movement patterns in living organisms are quite complicated, and props to this guy for recognizing this and going to engineers.
Yeah, if only Egyptologist accepted inputs from actual scientists and engineers, and stone maçons... Or archeologists. Not saying to listen to what Dunn said. But their dogmatic beliefs are full of holes and archeology seems to do the same everywhere for human history.
On the subject of his expertise, his response to the question of how fast velocoraptors ran, immediately after his kudos to the movie Jurassic Park for its T-Rex animation,, ought to have been to note that the movie's velocoraptors were Utahraptors called by the name of a much smaller beast. But he didn't note the distinction. Which sows doubts.
at 56:59 besides T-Rex and Dinosaur JR, there was also Birdsongs of the Mesozoic, Terry Dactyl & The Dinosaurs, When Dinosaurs Walked The Earth, Dinosaur Pileup, and a band called The Move did a song titled Brontosaurus.
This has been the most informative dinosaur biomechanics video I've seen so far. Very interesting. When he mentioned Ostriches being the most muscular known to science so far. I remember reading long ago that an octopus is above 85% muscle. Is an ostrich even more than that (Can't seem to find answer by searching online)?
I think McDonalds would appreciate a six-ton chicken more than KFC, I mean how is KFC going to market buckets of thousand-pound chicken pieces? McDonalds just grinds everything up, though, so a Chicken McNugget will still be Chicken-McNugget-sized.
Because, except for the T-rex at the begining, he provides some informations but they are leading nowhere. We only have "Look we have studied theT-REEEEX alot and the others .... were bipedal or quadrupedal ( but we won't explain how they move because they are not worth the same treatment as T-REEEEEX). Oh and gravity and look that beautiful non-dinosaurian crocodile moving ! shiny thiiiiiings
I think rex fanboys disliked XD . All times I show John's studies about trex , they gets crazy . Because of his studies we can conclude giga and rex had 50/100 chances to win . Am not hater , I'm just showing my opinion baseed on all I know I'm brazilian ;-;
Nice lecture! A dinosaur-themed death metal band is actually a great idea. I'm sure it exists in some (at least) loose form already, but being a fan of the many genres of metal, I can't really name one. Maybe I'll start one up!
Hey John, this is kool. I'm just reading Michael Benton's book where he talks about your work in Chapter 8. Interesting about those arms that don't reach the ground. RE: young alligator 'bounding.' I just read about a similar finding, as documented in Ian Stewart's "The Beauty of Numbers in Nature." I guess you may have already read that book but Ian and Jim Collins found 'a missing gait' in horses (while trying to make a robot cat) based on coupled neural oscillators. Let me know if this info was useful. Cheers ;)
You really need to define what you mean by "slow run" in relation to T-rex. Since it was probably quicker than a human, at least as quick as an Elephant. So for it's size it wasn't slow running at all. Otherwise it would have starved to death.
T-rex had the most powerfull bite of all theropods , then , he could killed a triceratops in just one bite . And , he could be camouflage and wait to one trike approach . People have to accept he is not more the 50km/h runner .
Other paleontologists have talked about T-rex's feet, they have abnormally large outer metatarsals and the middle metatarsal is fused. This is different to allosaurus which were not that much smaller, suggesting more dense powerful legs. They use this to suggest that you could not outrun a T-rex, yet Dr Hutchinson have come to the conclusion it is only 25 mph as it doesn't have much weight supporting features? Was an allosaurus limited to 10-20mph?
Might have enhanced endurance _more_ than speed, but like you I'd expect it to improve endurance, acceleration, *and* top speed - using wedging rather than tendons to tie the metatarsals wastes less energy per step --> all of the above.
Where does he get the idea that T-rex leg muscles reduce when they age? Is there some change to their anatomy elsewhere that forces them to reduce leg musculature?
I would say a half grown tyrannosaurus could run fast. Thus as the monster grew it changed food sources so as to give it a much longer time period of it's species to grow to enormous size. The adult tyro had huge smell bulbs at the brain anterior and probably changed to smelling large decaying animals while in its racehorse youth could run down the young of almost any animal. That way the population could be enhanced by not depleting single source resources as much.
Paublius Thatsca pretty good assumption. The adult T Rex s probably also used other smaller therapods kills as a food source. As pointed out they had a very keen sense of small. Most likely they could smell fresh blood from a kill.so they very likely robbed smaller predators of their kills. Much as lions frequently show up and drive off cheetahs.
@@josephfreeman3816 true ! Also , he had the most powerful bite of all theropods , so it would kill one trike in just one bite , breaking it's spine . Is impressive how some people still being stubborn about T.rex , he is not more the king of the dinosaurs , not more the 50 km/h runner , he was the slow walker that used a lot of elements to have a succefull hunt for food , and could have hunted in packs . Simple . I laught a lot when I see some users trying to show that Hutchinson is wrong
Maybe the young T-Rexes chased down the prey and cornered it, then the big old ones came along and killed it - a bit like humans (hunting on foot) and some breeds of hounds. I think that's how it works with Beagles. Even simpler would be if the young ones did the chasing and killing, then the old ones came along a bit later and took the lion's share of the carcase, like female and male lions.
Love this video BUT theres a bit of overapplication of assumptions fir example we have no evidence that muscle tissue in that hyperoxygenated environment has equivalent strength per weight as todays muscles.
Lost Pony Well we kinda do have some evidence that irs true. Dropping back into the carboniferouscera consider the size of some of the flying insects such as dragonflies with a wingspan of around 18 inches and commensurate body weight. We know that the high oxygen content of the air existed. And that in effect it was acting as a supercharger for the muscles of the wings that enabled the animal to fly. And they couldn't fly with today's oxygen content and there cannot even exist
Also, Doctor John - find a cloth shoulder bag like those cheap ones from Indonesia. Fill the bag with heavy liquids to the top. Now take the cotton strap, fully spread, and wrap the front of the strap around your forehead, bag on your back, like African and Native America practices. Move the strap to its center of gravity if you are standing in a balanced manner, knees slightly bent. You will find the sweet spot on your forehead (if you are standing correctly) sooner or later. When the bag is balance take a slow walk. If your posture and walk are balanced you will not feel the weight of the bag. Gravity is more malleable than you think.
In my opinion that is highly unlikel. Precocial birds are able to walk and eat by themselves basically from the moment they hatch and do not stay in nests, and those are most of the birds that build their nests on the ground. If altricial(bourn blind and helpless, much like kittens) babies were raised on a nest that was on the ground they'd be easy pickings for literally anything that came by, and wouldn't be able to evolve other than in some geographically isolated area with no sufficiently large predators. For example, if ostrich babies would just sit around in their nest any big house cat would be able to get a nice meal with little to no trouble, let alone cheetahs, leopards, lions, hyenas, and whatnot else ... There might be some odd exceptions, but at the moment I cannot think of a species that isn't a carnivorous mammal that would have helpless babies and raise them on the ground. Cattle, elephants, deer, giraffes, all born being able to walk pretty much right after they are born, and at least elephants are quite able to protect their babies from any predator around(well now that I think of it rodents have helpless babies, but being underground is equivalent protection to being high up on a tree imo). This seems to me is a must, a carnivore mammal can go for a kill and eat it to make milk, or later on haul it back for the babies to eat, a herbivore cannot do that, they don't get a nicely packaged all in one meal and go back home, they have to roam around in search of large quantities of low calorie food.
I think it is more likely that there are unknown features of biology (for example, high oxygen environments create significantly stronger muscles) than it is that the trex couldn't run. Maybe a trex couldn't run in today's environment, but trex didn't live in today's environment. It lived in a dramatically different environment with a very different atmosphere, and I'm not convinced any biologist knows how to account for those changes without guessing.
The amount of oxygen wasn't much different during the time of the dinosaurs than it is now. You can actually sample those kinds of things as oxygen molecules can get trapped in rock just like fossils. It's way before the dinosaurs that the oxygen levels were way higher due to, among other things, the massive treefern forests.
If anything oxygen levels were lower during most of the Mesozoic. Theropods (and possibly all Dinosaurs) had already evolved the air-sac system inherited by birds, in order to collect the scare oxygen
@@jesselyons4631 Prove to me with 100% certainty that a trex couldn’t run. Go for it. 100% certainty. Zero assumptions, only hard proof without any possible doubt. Try it out, see how that goes.
The T-Rex and endurance: I understand the T-Rex had a very large olfactory lobe similar to the turkey vulture. Since a turkey vulture can smell something dead at 20 miles and we assume the same purpose is used for the T-Rex then it would have been slow running or fast walking for large distances to scavenge. Getting there first would definitely be a survival trait.
Like all big carnivores, it likely also scavenged like lions or tigers also do today. There is direct evidence of T. rex also actively hunting on both Triceratops and Edmontosaurus in the form of bite marks. What makes these bite marks special is that they show signs of healing, which means the T. rex bit a living animal and it got away to live another day.
The white shark also has a fantastic smell. Is he a scavenger ??? When are you going to stop saying bullshit ?? Look at his teeth, look at his binocular vision, look at his size ! It is made to hunt, it is obvious, no need to be scientific to understand it, damn !
@@slappy8941 In cladistics, one cannot " outgrow ones ancestery", so, even though , in cladistics, "reptile" is not considered a natural group, if one WERE to use reptilia as a classification, ALL dinosaurs would be considered " reptiles", as would all birds.
@@acr08807 The English language developed before taxonomy and we ARE considered to be apes. The English language developed before cladistics and birds ARE considered to be dinosaurs. The English Language developed before modern astronomy and those orbs up there ARE considered to be fusion reactions in space.
How do you get a PhD and simply ignore the most basic physical laws. Dinosaurs could not have existed in the gravity we experience today. Period. Their bones could not have managed the forces. ... But don't think for yourself. Assume he thought for himself and take his word for it.
The Nature Of Nurture. Well.. the gravity of earth hasn't changed over the last half billion years. And the fossil record shows very clearly that the dinosaurs he talked about did walk and run. And footprints showing the dinosaurs walking. And some running RES IPSA LOCQUITOR. Rather than chastising you for your post let me point out that the big dinosaurs generally had hollow bones And different muscular distribution and size of muscles. By way of reference cheetahs run at 70 miles per hour. Nature bioengineered them to be able to do that for short distances. And for a long long time itcwas thought that bumble bees SHOJLDNT be able to fly because the ratio of body mass to wing area was too great to allow it. But they do and eventually some clever engineers figured out how they do it. So my advice would be to keep an open mind .
@@josephfreeman3816 I realize you honestly believe you're being kind. If you didn't believe that, you'd have to be incredibly smug to have given such a reply. Let me point out that you end your response suggesting that I should have an open mind when you began your response by claiming a number of things as settled which certainly are not. This propensity of the simian mind to practice science only so far as it seems practicable to their short life spans is tedious. Ask yourself how this adaptation you propose to grow to gargantuan sizes was specifically selected for and then selected out of the organisms on this planet. And if there wasn't some formidable selective event, that is that conditions on this planet have persisted for millions of years pretty much as they do today, then why are radio carbon dating and core sampling techniques varying so widely. You must be able to see that the "science" you favour is nothing of the kind? Feynman warned that fooling oneself is the greatest scientific folly.
@@thenatureofnurture6336 can u explain this to me ? Its confusing to me , some people says something , others no ... Well , i have read that T.rex had balance problems because of his mass wasn't in his gravity center , but idk if it happens in other animals , and if they're fast or no ... I literally dont know not about mechanic in animals , can u help me ?? Sorry for my bad english , am brazilian ;-;
By the early 90s I had lived in Seattle for 12 years, and I was never impressed by the "grunge" movement. I'm still not. Nirvana had some decent stuff but certainly nothing earth shattering IMO.
In September of 1968 I was the fastest male attending Paul Revere Junior High School, L.A.U.S.D., and the coach wanted me on the "team" however I would not cut my hippie shiny hair so no athletics for this boy. The coach would always snort in resignation when he talked to me. "You run on your toes. Nobody runs on their toes." Fast forward to 2019. "Velociraptor ran on its toes" said a paleontologist . Here is some science for those who can "read words". Real science never assumes that which is not empirical. Doctor John (!) assumed that gravity was the same 66 million years ago? What does the good doctor know about electromagnetic eccentricities of living planets? Nothing. Hence his science is based on a what, kids? AN ASSUMPTION. Science is observation, kids, leave your ego in the closet.
The T-Rex a scavenger, with a binoculary vision and 8 tons, mmh mmhhh !... Did you see his teeth ? They're made to kill, not chew bones. We found several tails or pelvis bones of duckbill dinosaurs with teeth marks from T-Rex, and scarring behind, showing that the animals survived the bite, so they were hunted alive, A - LIVE ! So stop saying bullshit. The T-Rex was no more scavenger than a white bear, a lion or a tiger of today, who from time to time do not hesitate to steal the dead animal of a smaller predator...
Im a conspiracy theorist and i believe in growing earth theory. I think a lower gravity would help the maths, giant animals, flying dinosaurs! But it is just a theory!!
