There are two basic types of electric current, direct current and alternating current.
Direct current was discovered in 1800 when Alessandro Volta invented the galvanic cell. It was a stack of copper and zinc discs separated by a layer of porous material with an electrically conductive liquid (electrolyte), formed by a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water. It is called direct current because it circulates without changing direction and with a stable value.
On the other hand, the alternator was later invented, based on Michael Faraday's principle of electromagnetic induction. Being a rotating machine, the current is produced with changes in polarity and increasing and decreasing according to the mathematical function sine or cosine (sinusoid).
The electricity that comes from cells and batteries is direct current. In addition, the electricity from adapters, battery chargers and power supplies is also direct current, because it is rectified alternating current (diodes).
Electricity from the domestic and industrial power grid is alternating current. It is a type of electricity that is easier to transport, since it can be transformed directly to very high voltages using transformers and thus the losses due to the electrical resistance of the conductors (copper or aluminum) are much lower. When that electricity reaches its destination, its voltage is lowered again to low values so that it can be used safely.
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30 сен 2024
