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DIY Vapor Compression Refrigeration System 

Hyperspace Pirate
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In this video i'll show how to put together a single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system and explain the theory behind it. This machine uses propane (R290) as a refrigerant, because it has properties very similar to standard Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants, but is extremely cheap and readily available, and has almost no negative environmental effects. The obvious disadvantage is its flammability. If you're careful, though, propane or butane are perfect substances for a DIY vapor compression system.
This is still part of my long term project to build a DIY cryocooler to make my own liquid nitrogen, but I've pivoted away from gas-phase systems like stirling/GM and decided to focus more on phase change systems due to the greater availability and low cost of parts. In upcoming videos, i'll be staging multiple vapor compression loops together to get temperatures below -100C. After that, i'll use a joule-thompson cycle to make the final push down to liquid nitrogen temperatures, but will do so with a mixture of hydrocarbons rather than nitrogen.
Here's some performance specs of the device in this video:
Condenser Pressure: 10-15 bar
Condenser Temperature: 27-44 C
Evaporator Pressure: 1.2 bar
Evaporator Temperature: -37 C
Capillary tube ID: 1mm
Capillary tube length: 2m
Compressor nominal rating: 5,000 BTU
Compressor locked rotor amps: 27A
Compressor operating limit (estimated): 5.4A
Input power: 667W (529W from compressor, 138W from fans)
Refrigerant charge: ~50 grams of propane
Maximum recorded cooling power: 116W (COP 0.173)
*Note that this power was recorded by testing the temperature drop of water reservoir at room temperature with lots of heat leaks, which was a far from optimal condition.
Also, recording cooling power by multiplying the water flowrate of 13.5 grams/sec by water's heat capacity times the temperature differential across the coil of 3.3C yielded a higher cooling power of 186W.
In upcoming videos, this system will be used to cool the condensor of a second refrigeration circuit, which will then evaporate to a far colder temperature close to -100C. This requires ethylene as a refrigerant (R1150). It's pretty hard to find and expensive to buy commercially, so in the next video, i'll be showing how to make it.
Other useful tidbits:
Propane bottle NPT thread adapter:
www.amazon.com/Hooshing-Propa...
Condenser fan:
www.amazon.com/BLACKHORSE-RAC...
-Window AC unit that was stripped for condenser coil was rated at 5,000 BTU. The manufacturer/model number you use is not important as long as its sized right.
Music Used:
Kevin MacLeod - Lobby Time

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9 апр 2023

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Комментарии : 1 тыс.   
@szwiecifon
@szwiecifon Год назад
Its 3am, yea i got 28 minutes to spare, suree
@thetoasterisonfire2080
@thetoasterisonfire2080 Год назад
“10 minutes till class starts” Yea I got time
@ezrakornfeld8436
@ezrakornfeld8436 Год назад
Real
@Scrap5000
@Scrap5000 Год назад
My life summed up!!
@hughjanes4883
@hughjanes4883 Год назад
Well its 2:30 for me, so ill just have this in the background till i can find a good 3am Vid
@ericlotze7724
@ericlotze7724 Год назад
Watch at 2x Speed with Closed Captions and you have even more time to spare!
@carbontetlabs8606
@carbontetlabs8606 Год назад
A few notes, from someone currently going to school for this: - Install your filter dryer last and change it as close to every time the system is opened as possible. Installing a filter dryer should be a very quick hot potato sort of operation, you get the pipes lined up, swaged or flared and ready, and right after popping the filter dryer caps off you stick it into the pipes and start brazing or tightening. There should also be zero temperature drop across the filter dryer (within your measurement margin of error), a temperature drop indicates the filter dryer is clogged or otherwise producing a resistance to flow. That dryer spent way too much time open to atmosphere and is unlikely to have much dry dessicant left, especially if you blew air through it testing the cap tube in that one clip - Solder, no no no. Solder can't be trusted with the sort of pressures you're working with. You should be using brazing rod, and learning to make flare fittings will do wonders for the ease of disassembly and modification of your system - Awesome work on the calculations for your capillary tube! All that homework you did is the only reason this is working at all. - Pulling a vacuum before charging is, like super duper important, not just necessary. For best results, pull a vacuum below 500 microns of mercury (about .67 mBar), break the vacuum (let
@TheTemporalAnomaly
@TheTemporalAnomaly Год назад
You nearly got a like from me when you talked about the compressor being cooled by the refrigerant return stream and you made some good points, then you started beating on the guy! As a refrigerant engineer, have you never done anything a little naughty? The answer will be yes, we all have! This is one of the best You-tube channels, encouraging people to ask the question `how does it work` and how to modify things for other purposes. As for any perceived risks, they are very, very minimal and they are personal risks, and as such are of no concern to us. I don`t mean this to offend, I am just aware that negative comments on You-Tube (and in real life) have the potential to stop people pursuing their hobbies and vocations. In the very least, it might put someone off the idea of publishing and sharing with us.
@JH-tc3yu
@JH-tc3yu Год назад
You're massively overthinking this. SH and SC are refrigeration and application specific. One application might have 5° of superheat and another might have 30. It depends on the application. There's no rule of thumb.
@tomoliver8498
@tomoliver8498 Год назад
@Carbon good analysis of his efforts and shortcomings. About the only thing I would add is not to use soft solder on discharge lines and original compressor is probably designed for high temp application your low superheat concerns are warranted and you are right adequate mass flo cooling capability at operating temperature is also important. You have to keep the compressor happy. (I have worked in the trade over 40 years)
@jayfowler4747
@jayfowler4747 Год назад
Agree with everything you say until your actually doing it in a time crunch especially the vacuum stuff.?😅
@Redtooth75
@Redtooth75 Год назад
@@jayfowler4747 breaking and redoing the vacuum is really only necessary with very large systems. For light commercial and residential systems a vacuum of 500 microns is fine and no nitrogen purge is required, the manufactures don't say its necessary.
@CharlesVanNoland
@CharlesVanNoland Год назад
All us fellow nerds are living vicariously through you, sir. We commend you.
@jerbear7952
@jerbear7952 3 месяца назад
I don't commend him. He exterminated all of my monkeys. In facts as soon as I get my last moon sapphire I will...yes we commend you yess
@leifhietala8074
@leifhietala8074 Год назад
Frost is actually pretty effective insulation, so while an HVAC guy (me) doesn't generally like to see it, you can see how it serves your purpose, preventing unnecessary heat loads migrating into the system once the layer forms.
@smn368
@smn368 Год назад
Bruuuh! Also an HVAC guy here, were you about to explode right up until he said? Oh yeah by the way I did vacuum the system down😅😂 .... The way he did it it looked like he was like. Oh yeah, I just built this compressor and evap soft soldered it and then dumped a bunch of propane in there @atmospheric pressure. I was dying for a second but also I was like there's no way he doesn't know this
@leifhietala8074
@leifhietala8074 Год назад
@@smn368 I just assumed Pirate did it. He mentions having a vac pump just laying around so while he didn't spell it out in the moment and I admit, I had a little nagging doubt, he's also pretty comprehensive about everything else so I figured he'd covered that step in its time. I threw a solder patch on a pinhole once and then forgot about it for the next five years. Don't disregard solder too quickly.
@ShainAndrews
@ShainAndrews Год назад
Nope... All of it... nope.
@1marcelfilms
@1marcelfilms Год назад
plus you can easily tell it is working
@sontapaa11jokulainen94
@sontapaa11jokulainen94 Год назад
​@@ShainAndrews how so?
@adrianprice-roberts9139
@adrianprice-roberts9139 Год назад
You probably already know this, however you didn't mention your flow configuration in the video. Make sure you're running all your tube-in-shell heat exchangers in countercurrent flow for best heat transfer. This series is fantastic and extremely high quality, I look forward to seeing the end result.
@michaelnonamehere9003
@michaelnonamehere9003 Год назад
Lol I work on tube in shell heat exchangers and I didn't know that.
@BoB-Dobbs_leaning-left
@BoB-Dobbs_leaning-left Год назад
@@michaelnonamehere9003 I have often thought about this and came to that conclusion myself, it makes sense. The exchange is more efficient as the input is closer to the output in temperature. As the fluid, or gas goes through the exchanger the difference in temperature remains close and, as such, retains the efficiency.
@XX-et9se
@XX-et9se Год назад
Yes, noticed that the diagram had arrows going in the same direction, but counter-current is optimal in linear exchangers. Props for Adrian, and yes, props for HypPir. Good job.
@KyleBrubakerrekaburBelyK
@KyleBrubakerrekaburBelyK Год назад
I was going to mention the same. Countercurrent flow maximizes the temperature difference between the two fluids, enhancing heat transfer.
@arfyness
@arfyness Год назад
i paused to comment this too. the same flow direction will have both fluids exiting at (almost) the same temperature. opposite flow direction will much more effectively transfer (nearly) all of the temperature of one to the other, for example the hot side will exit right at the coldest part of the cold side, therefore the hot input will exit (almost) that cold.
@GatorGlider
@GatorGlider Год назад
Like half this stuff is well beyond me, but it's so interesting to watch you methodically go through, explain everything, not dumb it down, and then actually put it in practice. Can't wait to see the next vid!
@TheTemporalAnomaly
@TheTemporalAnomaly Год назад
Don`t underestimate your knowledge Sir, It`s a great time to be living in, with all the information anyone could need just a button push away! Anything you don`t immediately understand can be put right with a few clicks, all you need is a desire to learn. The internet has made it possible for anyone to have access to all this wonderful technology. I am involved in R&D, but before the internet was available, it used to take me ages to do the necessary research, but now it`s all right in front of us! (Scientific papers etc). Channels like this are great because they get people asking `how` and `why` things work.
@SoloRenegade
@SoloRenegade Год назад
it's not actually as complicated as it looks. it's intimidating, but if you take the time to learn pieces of it, break it down into smaller chunks, you can learn it. This is basically a thermodynamics class, which is not actually as hard as people claim. Probably some free courses online somewhere if you were interested enough in learning more. But even if you're not that interested, doesn't mean you're not capable of learning and understanding it.
@xXx-yv7vg
@xXx-yv7vg Год назад
@@SoloRenegade do you have any recommendations of where one could learn this?
@SoloRenegade
@SoloRenegade Год назад
@@xXx-yv7vg Search the internet, RU-vid videos/lectures, and find books on topics such as; Thermodynamics (refrigeration cycle) Heat Transfer (Conduction, Convection, heat sinks) HVAC, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Pumps, valves, plumbing Tons of good books, lectures, and such on these various topics.
@jerbear7952
@jerbear7952 3 месяца назад
​@@TheTemporalAnomalyevery single day I say this too myself at some point. I was pretty smart back in the day, now I am like the new guy every single day and I can accomplish so much more. Even if I don't fully understand it it is just like baking a cake. Which I can also do now. 😊
@LitchKB
@LitchKB Год назад
13:55 - Copper work-hardens, so your straightening of the coil to thread the other one through would have already hardened it, made it more difficult to re-coil (in addition to the added internal pipe). Annealing (heating and quenching) isn't really an option here either with 18ft of straight pipe, so you often need to be frugal with your manipulations, lest you end up with some really stiff pipe.
@whatelseison8970
@whatelseison8970 Год назад
Yeah that's very true. I've noticed my pipe also getting stiff when I manipulate it. 😅🤣
@dennis-nz5im
@dennis-nz5im Год назад
You can anneal it, it will be just fine with no quench .
@custos3249
@custos3249 Год назад
Sigh.... Ever heard of induction heating? He could literally just run the line over a cheap induction cooker on high with one hand and use the other to drizzle a water hose.
@LitchKB
@LitchKB Год назад
​@@custos3249 Wow, that's brilliant - it doesn't sound difficult and subject to having specialist equipment on hand because induction cooktops are of insufficent power and design at all. You should comment more, your input is well considered and valuable.
@VEC7ORlt
@VEC7ORlt Год назад
Good luck induction heating copper.
@defenestrated23
@defenestrated23 Год назад
In your diagram of the coaxial heat exchanger, it shows a concurrent flow. Usually countercurrent heat exchangers are better, as they allow for more efficient heat transfer. There's other engineering reasons for concurrent flow but I don't think any apply here.
@TheTemporalAnomaly
@TheTemporalAnomaly Год назад
You are correct, very good point!
@leocurious9919
@leocurious9919 Год назад
Never heard "concurrent" before, I only knew it as cocurrent or co-current. Are your sure that the n is supposed to be there?
@TheTemporalAnomaly
@TheTemporalAnomaly Год назад
@@leocurious9919 Concurrent means at the same time or in this case it means in the same direction, so his choice of word is correct. Incidentally, I don`t approve of this `nit picking` I does nothing to encourage conversation or understanding.
@ianicus123
@ianicus123 Год назад
Correct
@leocurious9919
@leocurious9919 Год назад
@@TheTemporalAnomaly It does help to "nit pick" something like that. It could be wrong or it could be a new term to learn for people like me. Either case is a win for me.
@flomojo2u
@flomojo2u Год назад
While it's easier to just buy an A/C unit, seeing a system built from the ground up was really cool (ha ha). Vapor phase refrigeration systems were always a little mysterious to me, the many unstated details necessary to make one work, so seeing one built from scratch was really appreciated.
@tobyoverton_hvacr
@tobyoverton_hvacr 11 месяцев назад
Dude, as a refrigeration mechanic myself, I gotta say, your content and understanding of the refrigeration theory is fantastic. Keep doing what you do! I’m very impressed
@Rowow
@Rowow Год назад
OMG each time you scratch the ice with your finger gives me chills. As a Floridian I am not used to that LOL
@CARLSFAB2016
@CARLSFAB2016 Год назад
I’m taking thermodynamics right now in college. I really love the class and the math that comes with it so watching this and seeing someone design a refrigeration cycle is awesome. It really helps show how what I’m currently doing in school applies to real world design challenges. This was really cool to watch. Phenomenal job sir!
@rushoffman2364
@rushoffman2364 Год назад
I'm so excited for the next part, this is easily becoming my favorite series
@gooball2005
@gooball2005 Год назад
Very impressive results! I absolutely love this series on compressor-based cooling systems, would you mind creating a playlist of these videos on your channel? As always, great stuff. Cheers
@BreakingBarriers2DIY
@BreakingBarriers2DIY 4 месяца назад
“…pressure gage had a leak” Crying laughing at the subtle flex. This video is so full of wisdom I’m going to be rewatching it repeatedly over the next two years. You are so kind to share.
@blakes8901
@blakes8901 Год назад
this series has been so much fun to watch so far. really looking forward to seeing how everything eventually pans out.
@enotdetcelfer
@enotdetcelfer Год назад
Segmented capillary tubes in series and parallel with bypass valves at convenient intervals would allow you to have a digital adjustment without much more complexity. Great project, your insights are helping with the ship repairs, thank you.
@samuelb6960
@samuelb6960 Год назад
For filling large soldering gaps Sil-Fos brazing rods work awesome. For pipe threads rector seal tru-blue works great for refrigeration.
@umutk5614
@umutk5614 Год назад
I love your approach, calculations, tolerances, etc... That is pure engineering in my opinion. Looking forward to the second stage.
@ProtozoanKid
@ProtozoanKid Год назад
I finally realized that the structure of your videos is a near-perfect example of an experiment report. Actually seeing one in video format like this has already helped me figure out how to make my reports for work so much better. Thank you.
@TheBauwssss
@TheBauwssss Год назад
Bro, these vids are like CRACK to me, every time I see you've posted a new video I instantly binge and rewatch it a couple times for good measure ☺️ Aside from your epic and super interesting project, all the refrigeration knowledge you're pumping directly into my eyeballs is seriously informative, and I'm now finally starting to understand why my first air conditioner unit failed with the entire thing feeling 80 deg C on the outside with the lack of noise waking me up deep in the night when I panicked from the external plastic casing temperature and immediately turned the thing off. I haven't dated turn it back on ever since, and I was fiddling with the starter capacitor because I though that was the cause of the issue, but now I'm starting to doubt that. Thanks to your videos I really feel like I'm finally learning enough about this topic to be able to fix the thing myself in the future (I hope!!). thanks for your epic vids, AWRRRRRR MATEY! I really appreciate all the effort and hard work you out into these super educational videos of yours! ♥️
@Skulljeep00
@Skulljeep00 Год назад
Being EPA certified in this stuff, I say keep up the good work! I made my own wonky system to run in my computer for super cooling before. And I've got a project or 2 for the books for problems that aren't really problems. But this is awesome! 😊
@bluejayfabrications2216
@bluejayfabrications2216 Год назад
The quality and humour in something that could be presented so blandly is very much appreciated
@MrHichammohsen1
@MrHichammohsen1 Год назад
This series just keeps getting better and better!
@Rukkus333
@Rukkus333 Год назад
Idea for the capillary tube: You could put a few taps in it like you would for a transformer. That'll give you a couple of "gears" to switch through. ie: Every couple of turns you could attach a valve and then depending on the length you want, open that valve. it'd be a bit of work but it would give you some variability.
@TheTemporalAnomaly
@TheTemporalAnomaly Год назад
To get the centre pipe through the heat exchanger, you might want to send a flexible piece of plastic through first, then attach the copper. That way you can `pull` the copper through and it will be much easier. To clean the `fuel` type propane up, I have a tank that contains a few pounds of activated charcoal, I transfer a quantity of of propane and let it sit for a day or so. This will absorb most of the stenching agent. This is needed for a long term unit as the stencher is rather corrosive to some materials. Lastly, the soft solder is not suited to long term operation in a unit like this. Some people think it`s not suitable for the pressure, this is incorrect though. The real reason that it is not suitable is that after many cycles of hot, cold, it begins to crack. You will most likely see this effect where the layer of solder is thickest, like in the connection to the capillary tube. Great video series, watching with interest!
@genjitsu7448
@genjitsu7448 Год назад
This was well presented, takes me back to school days...but what I like about this better is the actual build that has gone with the discussion. Nicely done! Cheers.
@Psrj-ad
@Psrj-ad Год назад
This is the first video iv found of someone actually making a phase-change system from scratch like this. Iv been fascinated with heat-pumps for a while now so this channael is a blessing.
@aiden1838
@aiden1838 Год назад
First, I think your channel is probably the best on RU-vid for inventing/engineering discussions that show the actual process of trial/evaluation/retrial of ideas. Keep up the excellent work. However, a few points that are likely also being made by other commenters: Soldering propane connections is unsafe and prohibited by the gas code (at least where I'm from). The connections at the end of your evaporator/heat exchanger are very sketchy. The wetted surface area of your soldered joint is very small, and will be subjected to substantial thermal stress. Don't be surprised if it starts to leak. If you rebuild it, I would strongly reccomend you use a reducing tee instead of a 90. You can find models that are AxBxB sized where you can have a sidearm and one through connection at the smaller tubing size, with the second through connection larger. You then file/grind/drill out the stop inside the smaller through connection and can run your smaller tubing right through the tee. This allows a full sized brazed or soldered joint on all three pipe connections. The home distilling community has lots of examples of condensers made this way. You might also want to consider using a small brazed plate exchanger instead of a tube-in-tube. You can get these quite cheaply in the usual spots online, and they're often rated for refrigerants and their working pressures.
@wesameldinelshafey3032
@wesameldinelshafey3032 Год назад
I really can't find words to express how amazing you are in so many aspects Since my childhood, I have been working in the refrigeration and air conditioning departments for nearly thirty years. I know very well and appreciate the enormous amount of effort that you have made in these experiments. Much more than wonderful I would like us to meet, but there are many obstacles, but I will write to you by mail, and this is my pleasure and happiness I was impressed, enjoyed and honored to see you My sincere wishes for all success and I would like if I can help you Sorry for the inaccuracy of the expression, I use a translator👍👍👍
@dirtbikenrcman
@dirtbikenrcman 8 месяцев назад
I needed these videos to learn how to work on Thermotron environmental chambers. The old guys(massive respect for them) spoke in frost patterns and qualitative methods, and I became great tech with numbers and quantitative measurements. And thanks to your videos, I'm finally getting the numbers and science I need.
@knallpistol
@knallpistol Год назад
I love the humor and production in this video. I've wanted to build a cryocooler for the longest time. Have no background in engineering, and no use for one other than I've always wanted one.
@rob647
@rob647 Год назад
The cool video series continues!
@GoDamit1000
@GoDamit1000 Год назад
I was doing this 15 years ago for cooling CPUs, I still have a mostly full D sized cylinder of ethylene. Pro tip, get your hands on a plate heat exchanger for the interstage, they have incredible performance for their tiny size and are easier to insulate.
@jantrammelant
@jantrammelant Год назад
When I did this 25 years ago. People said I was insane for putting propane in a cooling system. I repaired an old Pepsi cool box. Whit just propane that was for the bbq. It is still working. Now all fridges are filled whit propane
@zenmark42
@zenmark42 Год назад
I really appreciate this whole deep dive into esoteric cooling technologies and seeing how you're going about modifying stuff. I'm a big proponent of DIYing glycol chillers for homebrewing and I usually just take a whole AC unit and bend it for my purposes. I've been thinking about ways to get creative with using liquid cooling to eliminate the fan noise, or... oh shit I just realized that fridge hot coils are passive! That's a huge benefit for doing some DIYing on what I'm planning...
@JoseOliveira-lz1up
@JoseOliveira-lz1up Год назад
Pass the capillary tube around the suction line, it will increase your compressor life and COP by overheating the gas exiting the evaporator and undercooling the liquid exiting the condenser.
@PrefabQuasar
@PrefabQuasar Год назад
Could use a resistor low-voltage start to keep inrush current down on the fan
@samuelb6960
@samuelb6960 Год назад
I was using a roofing torch while wearing shorts the 20lb tank was rubbing against my leg as I was carrying it around it caused a patch of frostbite that took about a month to heal so yeah it gets cold.
@ADPuckey
@ADPuckey Год назад
Man I love this content. I'm mostly a software guy and kinda an electronics guy, so mechanical / thermodynamic stuff is way out of my wheelhouse, but you do a great job of explaining things and I learn so much from each of your videos. It's super satisfying. Also the Denver gag was hilarious. Keep it coming boss
@TheGiantHog
@TheGiantHog Год назад
I really really appreciate you referring to pressure by gauge or absolute, much more clear
@htomerif
@htomerif Год назад
About the ethylene side: since your cooling efficiency is bad, keep in mind that the cold (ethylene) stage compressor is going to be dumping its entire heat budget into the hot (butane) stage if you use a sealed compressor unit. So your hot stage cooling power needs to be at least as much as the cold stage total power. And good luck finding a liquid lubricant that doesn't freeze at -100C (in the cold stage evaporator) or boil at room temperature. An oil separator doesn't really matter here if your lubricant has turned into a gas anyway and is spread through the whole line. Oh, also, maybe just stick the whole hot stage evaporator in a cheap styrofoam cooler for now? Its way easier than having to foam and tape everything. Also also, you might find that those $2 mylar emergency blankets are a lot more manageable than aluminum foil. I used those two things to make a passive sky freezer that gets down to -40C at night when it isn't too humid.
@brianwelch1579
@brianwelch1579 Год назад
My understanding is that other refrigerants are used as lubrication on cryogenic systems - like propane or butane for example.
@htomerif
@htomerif Год назад
@@brianwelch1579 Let me explain myself a little more clearly. Almost without exception, "refrigerants" are just alkanes or alkenes or halogenated (fluoro, chloro, bromo) alkanes and alkenes. When you're dealing with a normal compressor being used normally, it gets really hot and it never gets super cold, so you could use something like decane which boils at 170C and freezes at -30C. The compressor will never not be in that range. It stays solidly at 50C-80C (ish). For cryocooling, you're not just dealing with -40C for boiling and -100C for freezing. You're dealing with 30C for not boiling (if you don't want it to get into the evaporator coil) and -100C (more actually, if you don't want it to freeze in the evaporator coil). The problem is that these refrigerants almost always form azeotropes so if you're using a higher boiling point refrigerant as a lubricant, some of it will end up in the evaporator, even if its only when everything is brought up to room temperature. Frozen oil in your evaporator can be terminal for your whole cooling system. When you're talking about industrial cryocooling, you're usually talking about one of two mechanisms: stirling cycle coolers and turboexpanders. I don't know what lubricant is used in either one, but I think its "none" in the cold end of a stirling cooler and in a turboexpander it could literally be a gas bearing. They're so expensive and/or slow that the few university things I've had experience with have either been LN2 based or dry ice based. Anyway, he might want to look at 1-butene, which goes from -180C to -6C as lubricant? At least it won't freeze in the evaporator and at a few bar it might stay a liquid at room temperature too. Worth shot I guess. I'll try to read through the list of hundreds of coolants that might work as a lubricant for what he's trying to do later. 1-butene was just a shot in the dark that looks kinda ok.
@Blaxkor
@Blaxkor Год назад
@@htomerif All of these systems just use an oil separator after the compressor to return the oil to the crankcase or suction line since the only purpose the oil serves is lubricating the compressor. If you needed very low temperature refrigeration oil for some reason such as poor oil separation then there are oils such as zerol 150 with a floc point below -100. Apparently propane also greatly increases the oil carrying capacity which helps oil return to the compressor when in the refrigerant blend.
@htomerif
@htomerif Год назад
@@Blaxkor Don't try to BS me. I noticed you didn't put a unit on that "-100". I know why. You wanna edit that comment again? I mean I'll be fair. That could just be a mistake on your part but it looks like intentional misinformation.
@Berkana
@Berkana Год назад
12:37 shouldn't the flows be going in opposite directions? The on-screen graphic shows the flow going in the same direction. Counter-flow heat exchange is what enables you to get the most heat exchange. Parallel flow heat exchange will only ever approach meeting in the weighted average temperatjre of the two (with heat capacity considered), but counter-flow heat exchangers have the possibility of heating the target fluid hotter than the outlet of the heating fluid.
@TheThomaslala
@TheThomaslala Год назад
I was reading trough the comments not to post this same concern. I also think this will make a huge difference.
@Cyrix2k
@Cyrix2k Год назад
at around 15:00, you should pull a vacuum on the system before filling and also add a valve at the end of your fill line. Let propane out to evacuate any air in the line, then connect and fill the system. I'm not sure how much it will impact your performance but it should avoid ice crystals forming inside the loop.
@user-cj4zm1se6m
@user-cj4zm1se6m 2 месяца назад
This is super practical and educational. I really like where you compare BTU, COp etc to watts ratings and wish you can do more videos on that. As a solar engineer it's hard sometimes estimating the watts of some AC units during a site audit.
@ayydan
@ayydan Год назад
My only complaint about this video series is that the videos have to end
@Berkana
@Berkana Год назад
14:17 Take a look at this arrangement of tubing for a VCC system in a modern regenerative VCC refrigerator, linked below. In this design, the capillary tube itself is used in the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is in a counter-flow arrangement, which should yield higher efficiency. I linked straight to the timestamp where the coaxial capillary tube and gas return tube (which is effectively a heat exchanger) is explained. Modern refrigerators explained (timestamp links to introduction of the coaxial capillary tube + evaporator vapor return tube, which acts as a recuperator. Hot condensate is used to warm up cold vapor/cold vapor is used to cool down hot condensate, making the whole system more efficient, as less refrigerant needs to be evaporated to cool the remaining refrigerant to your target temperature. ) ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-7NwxMyqUyJw.html This arrangement would save you a good bit of flow friction losses, and would perhaps perform better than the design you showed in this video.
@brianwelch1579
@brianwelch1579 Год назад
This indeed increases efficiency but it impacts absolute temperature IME. I did this on some "early models" of my freeze dryer.
@FirstLast-kx1gr
@FirstLast-kx1gr Год назад
This is the best video I've seen on the subject, and I've watched many. I had to make a coaxial tube heat exchanger a number of year ago... On straightening tubing: Grab one end with a vise, grab the other end tightly in a drill chuck, pull HARD and turn the drill a few revolutions until the tubing is straight. Don't overtwist the tube. Cut off the mangled ends. Annealing the tubing should not be necessary. Putting one tube inside another is quite easy when both are straightened. I learned this method from an electrician who used it to straighten solid copper wire. 🙂
@DEtchells
@DEtchells Год назад
You’ve probably already thought of this, but it’s really important to make sure no liquid refrigerant gets into the suction line of the pump; that’s called “slugging” and will ruin a pump in short order. Absolutely fantastic series!
@AiOinc1
@AiOinc1 Год назад
The really cool new YF refrigerant is actually explosive under pressure, so it's nice that they put it at the front of cars where you might potentially hit something and cause your air conditioning system to violently combust.
@gregorymalchuk272
@gregorymalchuk272 Год назад
It's not even remotely as explosive as the propane and butane being used in all new refrigerators due to global warming. Fridges are exploding with force of about a stick and a half of dynamite, an old lady and her kitchen just got blown up a day or two ago. Thank the government for banning r-134a in fridges and mandating explosive refrigerants over global warming.
@JH-tc3yu
@JH-tc3yu Год назад
There's a few hundred grams. Not enough to be dangerous.
@theradioweyr
@theradioweyr Год назад
But during that explosion/fire it can create hydrogen fluoride gas and has been known to etch the glass on windshields. When I am upside down in my burning car I don't want to add inhalation of that to my concerns about getting out.
@gregorymalchuk272
@gregorymalchuk272 Год назад
@@theradioweyr All of the fluorinated refrigerants, insuring good old R-22, release hydrofluoric acid on high temperature combustion. My problem with the HFOs isn't that they're combustible (they aren't), it's that they're all on-patent and cost hundreds of dollars for a few pounds.
@theradioweyr
@theradioweyr Год назад
@@gregorymalchuk272 I was not aware of the R-22/varients producing that (HF gas), thanks, I was under the mistaken assumption that that was unique to 1234yf. Yes, from an ethics issue and adoption/distribution, the patents, conveniently lobbied and written into Orwellian law with every generation of accepted refrigerants in spite of better options being available, it is patently (no pun intended) obvious they want us to use their slightly less efficient more environmentally damaging gases for they care nothing about the environment and want to ensure that they can sell completely new systems every half generation that require a complete replacement of every component. R-290/R-600 FTW.
@teresashinkansen9402
@teresashinkansen9402 Год назад
Ive used propylene and it gets you down to -40C° to -45C°
@KageShi
@KageShi Год назад
I saw the title and instantly remembered a PC case I had back in the day with a vapor chiller. It was a special edition ThermalTake and had a proper multistage fridge compressor for extreme overclocking. I used it to push a Phenom
@spenny3403
@spenny3403 Год назад
Wow this dude is extremely technical, great work man and great job putting the video together!
@ericlotze7724
@ericlotze7724 Год назад
@Hyperspace Pirate *Granted* this is a low TRL as of now and you are still figuring out what works, let alone polishing it, **BUT**: Can you optimize this for Off the Shelf (OTS) Parts / “Clean” Design? Basically what you did with the 3D Printed Parts but on Steroids. Use reliably sourced OTS parts, have there be like a pallet sized (heck even (plastic) pallet mounted) module for each “stage” and have the fittings all in a standard spot, then make a “shell” enclosure if you are feeling REALLY fancy? It would be a PILE of work, but i feel that if you get this project working, then do that, we could have an Open Source, Modular Refrigeration System that could be used as is for a water chiller etc, or be cascaded like you are doing and get cryogenic levels of cold! Granted again this is asking a lot, and worse case scenario others and i could iterate of tour work, but i feel like that would be an AMAZING application of this project. That’s my rant lol, and thanks for reading this far. What do you think of all this?
@HyperspacePirate
@HyperspacePirate Год назад
This is a prototype for one piece of a larger project, but i'm thinking of doing something similar to that when the project is done, so that people can build their own cryocoolers
@ericlotze7724
@ericlotze7724 Год назад
@@HyperspacePirate sounds great!, and no need to rush as even this level of work *and* documentation is a MAJOR help. I’m excited to see what happens in the “next episode” !
@Hxkhxh
@Hxkhxh Год назад
Hey Hyperspace Pirate, i am watching you since a long time. I want to ask , are you a college student or a research scholar? I am in high school and always want to do such projects by myself...😊
@HyperspacePirate
@HyperspacePirate Год назад
Neither. I just like to build things
@systemloc
@systemloc Год назад
You don't have to have a job that matches your hobby. Just go tinker with stuff. I used to pick trash in high school for free parts to play with stuff like this.
@WobblycogsUk
@WobblycogsUk Год назад
Absolutely fascinating series. Sort of engineering meets physics meets chemistry. I had "make liquid nitrogen" on my todo list for a while, this series have convinced me it's better to just buy it.
@TheTemporalAnomaly
@TheTemporalAnomaly Год назад
If its down to a price, then definitely buy but as a challenge, without using commercial equipment then that`s a completely different matter. In the latter case, even a few drips or a few milliliters would be a great success!
@kioliex
@kioliex Год назад
Great video. I had something similar planed 15-20 years ago, but stopped because people said I should not use propane... I might take this project up again...
@ericlotze7724
@ericlotze7724 Год назад
It’s probably in the charts somewhere (“read the fucking manual” moment), but at what level would using CO2 as the Refrigerant make sense? I know it is used commercially, and is kind of the “latest and greatest” / non Fluorocarbon/ Chlorocarbon / CFC options, along with Ammonia, Butane/Ethane, and DME. I haven’t taken an HVACR class yet though, and don’t remember the papers, so does it require obscene pressure and/or stainless steel or inconel pipes? If not that would be a great option. Cheap and Non-Flammable.
@hunterlang578
@hunterlang578 Год назад
co2 is gaining popularity as a refrigerant. It has good properties, the only downside is that is has very high working pressures, so systems cannot be constructed in the traditional HVAC fashion
@rhamph
@rhamph Год назад
Significantly higher pressures. I'm seeing around 35 bar on the condenser for a regular system or maybe 90 bar for a transcritical system. Transcritical CO2 is a beast of its own though, as it sounds like it's not stable when turned off (pressure spikes dangerously as it returns to ambient, requiring venting and making the whole system non-functional).
@Doktoreq
@Doktoreq Год назад
@@rhamph Worked on trans-critical systems. The rule to live by is never shut of any part of the system completely without evacuating or pressure relief valve present. The moment the flow stops the CO2 starts expanding rapidly.
@rhamph
@rhamph Год назад
@@Doktoreq Even getting the pressure relief valves right sounds finicky. "Rule to live by" is poignant.
@brianwelch1579
@brianwelch1579 Год назад
At no level, if you want a *cold* box. It works great in cars for AC but forms dry ice snow around -30C and clogs the orifice. Plus crazy high pressures.
@leozendo3500
@leozendo3500 5 месяцев назад
that is so much copper
@aaronjablonski6843
@aaronjablonski6843 19 дней назад
Job site won't notice
@dakotasteward4118
@dakotasteward4118 Год назад
I'm so glad I found this channel, great demonstrations 10/10.
@mediumsmoke7823
@mediumsmoke7823 Год назад
This channel is simply awesome…could watch for hours
@MrGatlin98
@MrGatlin98 Год назад
I was waiting for the propane and propane accessories reference. Wasn't disappointed.
@pieterbarneveld9518
@pieterbarneveld9518 Год назад
Lpg is an amazing refrigerant . I very much enjoyed watching your video. I make all sorts of things with refrigeration equipment and just building pre heater water heater for the boat, basically using the waste heat to warm water before it goes into the hot water cylinder.
@JehuMcSpooran
@JehuMcSpooran Год назад
My uncle recharged his car's AC using Autogas on a few occasions (auto gas here in Australia is a propane/butane mix depending on the season). Apparently it worked really well.
@lorenwilson8128
@lorenwilson8128 Год назад
Interesting process and well-explained for the layman. To make reducers, use a cap and tee and drill a hole of the correct diameter in the cap.
@ZT_Performance
@ZT_Performance Год назад
Subscribed, this is so awesome, been wanting to do something similar for my own projects. I really appreciate you going over every detail and explaining theroy.
@sempertard
@sempertard Год назад
This is one of those science fact-filled vids that requires several passes to absorb what the author is trying to convey. I wouldn't want it any other way. Very, very well done. Edit: Instant sub...
@PeterMilanovski
@PeterMilanovski Год назад
Seeing it fire up through a thermal imaging camera would have been awesome 👍 Great job 👏
@shinigamineko333
@shinigamineko333 Год назад
OMG.. so cool, project getting more and more difficulties. Don't stop, you're marvelous!
@hustlaz2k
@hustlaz2k Год назад
u deserved a subscribed sir! i watched tonned of how to video on how ac works.... but i dont understand why the need of filter... capillary tube and etc... from your project i understand most of it. thank u!
@FrainFreeze
@FrainFreeze Год назад
Your channel is so good I keep your homepage open in a pinned tab at all times.
@-r-495
@-r-495 Год назад
Cascade coolers can be iffy. I am very, very happy you published this. Thank you
@Skeys13
@Skeys13 Год назад
Babe wake up, the new diy cryocooler video came out
@speedbuggy16v
@speedbuggy16v Год назад
Congrats its not often that a youtubers content and delivery pulls me in enough to subscribe in under 4 minutes.
@BRUXXUS
@BRUXXUS Год назад
I really enjoy this series! Looking forward to eventually seeing some sweet, sweet liquid air dripping into a dewar!
@Eli-kr5bm
@Eli-kr5bm Год назад
I was looking for all this LPG gas refrigeration information and couldn’t find anything, thank you 🤠
@dkjoses12
@dkjoses12 Год назад
As an HVAC tech I love this can't wait for part 2
@omsingharjit
@omsingharjit 11 месяцев назад
Wow my all technical Doubts are cleared here very Nice explanation of thermodynamics and refrigeration system.
@8bit711
@8bit711 Год назад
One smart cookie! I love that the target temp is 42. This is actually on my build list but im not quite smart enough yet but some day.
@JH-tc3yu
@JH-tc3yu Год назад
i'm glad to see other people mention it, but plate heat exchanger might be the way to go!! the ones I've used on projects are good for 400+ PSI and temps -250F to 450F
@Southghost5997
@Southghost5997 Год назад
Wow, I wanted to do this exact project and you saved me a bunch of money with trial and error 😅. Just one thing on the test water, there may be a stationary boundary layer forming on the surface of the tube wall that you're not accounting for and which causes additional insulation. It would form almost instantly. This is why continuous freeze crystallisers use scrapers on the tubes. Edit: ..hence, even more reason for a lower than expected COP
@tejonBiker
@tejonBiker Год назад
Nice video, I really like when a people make their own equipment for refrigeration/hvac, several years ago I read that the rule of thumb for max compression ratio is 1:10, out of that your efficiency is out of range, that's why cascade systems are used for deep freezing, as side note: deep freezing use R23.
@sudoboat
@sudoboat Год назад
was really interesting to watch as I'm in the middle of a (somewhat) similar project, building a water cooling loop for my boat using a 12v compressor :) Thank you for a great video!
@cristiancamargo3240
@cristiancamargo3240 Год назад
Other option to the reat transfer can be melt some copper and make a junction between the two, or put some thermal paste, this will reduce the friction inside and depend of the way that you do, the heat transfer will be much better and with much less resistance on the larger tube, also probably will be more easily to do in larger scales, by the way love the series man, I'm here since the first video that have the goal to make liquid nitrogen, it's very nice the approach that you are taking and the videos style, I hope that you realy get to the nitrogen liquefaction point, I have searched for solutions like that, alternatives to cryocoolers a long time by now, so this will be really amazing, keep going you are doing great job! 😎
@klausbrinck2137
@klausbrinck2137 9 месяцев назад
I can easilly follow you, and start to learn something, at the 3rd time I watch one of your cryo-videos...Display the numbers while explayning, that´d make it even easier to follow. Great work, I just found your channel. My personal interests are ina very cheap but extremely efficient refrigerator (where 4-10x pumping on the piston would re-store temperature for 1h, that wouldn´t need any electricity, just some leg-pumping instead)
@inglbrute
@inglbrute Год назад
You did a lot of research for this project. Thank you for mentioning that you evacuated your system, that was stressing me out, lol. One thing I would like to point out, you should measure the suction line temp and compare it to your saturation temperature. You want to make sure that you have at least a couple of degrees higher (a residential AC with a fixed metering device would be around 10 to 18 degrees or so depending on load) to make sure you're not sucking liquid refrigerant into the compressor. Compressors don't like that much. Fun project.
@vehizzle
@vehizzle Год назад
Yes, you are a scientist. Hvac guys may cringe but while creative, not making a coaxial chiller from scratch. Kudos. Might have to build one of these in the shop. Very good video
@subhrapratimsharma2825
@subhrapratimsharma2825 Год назад
I'm hoping to build this one day. Great work.
@hfitfxhfhfufgugugu6589
@hfitfxhfhfufgugugu6589 Год назад
Big respect for building all this yourself.
@ForgottenLore
@ForgottenLore Год назад
I used silicone for fittings as a bodge and was surprised at how well it works.
@slacky4358
@slacky4358 Год назад
As a hvac tech I really enjoyed this video
@matthewellisor5835
@matthewellisor5835 Год назад
Great work and I'll be using this as part of the physical science course for my kids and probably some of my nephews and nieces (should be a nice range of 6-16yoa) next school year. Of course, many homeschooled kids don't actually get the summer "break" but we can call that portion the practical application. I "concur" (dads gonna pun) with the other comments about the HX being MUCH more efficient when operating as counter-current. I would not be surprised if you got the HX outlet down to 0°C.
@iancormie9916
@iancormie9916 День назад
Worked in a cryogenic shop for a number of years. On the low temp side, the dryer was the largest source of water contamination in the system. This can be solved by chilling a second dryer, equipped with isolation valves and a bypass valve, to a low temperature. Once the system has run for a while, all excess the moisture will be in the chilled dryer. The isolation valves closed, the hypass opened and chilled dryer can then be removed (while still cold) from the circuit and you will have a very dry system. Having said all this, the above may be overkill for what you are trying to do.
@quaqamolgreatandmightyskin7312
"If you're watching this there's a decent chance you're already familiar with how a vapor compression cycle work" You overestimate me good sir.
@Valairable
@Valairable Год назад
Very nice job, I have worked in the field and some tips i can give you is these: 1. Submerge the condensor coil i water to utilize it better 2. Wrap your capillary tube around the suction line, this helps cool down the gas/liquid mixture going in to the evaporator and helps you evaporate any liquid left before entering the compressor
@zewarmdur9195
@zewarmdur9195 Год назад
Sir I like your video so much , cuz you explain everything , and your voice is nice and most importantly u dont put loud music on while not talking which i appreciated alot , i like ur calm music too , as long as it doesn't get loud , and great video sir , keep going ❤️
@dyl1828
@dyl1828 Год назад
This seems all very interesting and I'll be keeping an eye out on your follow up video.
@letsburn00
@letsburn00 Год назад
Oh, someone doing at home my exact profession and talking about things that I already know all about? Yep, looks like I'm watching half an hour. Never know what you'll miss. And he got it pretty much all correct. I'm used to refrigeration cycles in the 100MW range though.
@andrewsvaz
@andrewsvaz Год назад
Just discovered your channel. One word about it: GREAT. Thanks for the knowledge. One more subscriber on your list.
@thelred-ph3lq
@thelred-ph3lq 11 месяцев назад
Nice, clear, easy to understand speech. Thank you!
@rainwater397
@rainwater397 Год назад
A little while back, I repaired a -50c cryocooler. It uses a 1/3hp pump similar to the first one you showed and a custom blended refrigerant I couldn't find any details on. One major mistake was that measuring the evaporator pressure at the compressor gave inaccurate pt chart results for the minimum temperature observed. After a lot of trial and error, it was discovered that measuring the pressure at the meters' entrance to the evaporator more accurately predicted the observations. A pressure gradient is formed inside the tubing. In normal hvac applications, this gradient is not an issue as the goal is higher efficiency, and the 'exact' boiling point is almost irrelevant. But for your application of mathematics, I believe it should be accounted for. There is a post on sciencemadness about it. I hope your success continues, and I really enjoy the videos you're making. Stay safe
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