"Just one hundred years ago it was rare for women to enroll in higher education. Now women outnumber men in universities and colleges across the world, and in some countries, this has been the case for decades. Moreover, in many countries, for example Italy, the Netherlands and the U.S.A., on average female students outperform male students both in high school and in college, in the sense that they obtain higher grades and are more likely to complete their studies.
Nevertheless, women are still less successful in the labor market than their male counterparts: in 2019, the gender employment gap stood at 11%, with 68.2 % of women across the EU being employed compared to 79.2 % of men; in the same year, the gender pay gap in the EU was 16% and has only changed minimally over the last decade. While numerous studies have established that motherhood can explain a significant part of this discrepancy, there is evidence that there are significant differences between women’s and men’s overall performance in the labor market long before motherhood becomes relevant for the vast majority of women."
by Professor Francesca Barigozzi and Professor Natalia Montinari
5 сен 2024
