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Composed in 1913 by Daniel Alomía Robles, El cóndor pasa is based on the copyright-free 18th-century Peruvian folk song Soy la paloma que el nido perdió ('Am the dove that lost the nest'). Julio Baudouin y Paz added another text to the melody entitled El cóndor pasa, which was first performed in Lima on December 19, 1913 at the Teatro Mazzi.[1] The then 42-year-old composer Robles shaped the song into a zarzuela, a spoken and sung play.[2] This zarzuela consisted of eight parts: introduction (introducción), male choir (coro), sad Inca music from the Andes (yaraví), duet of soprano and baritone (dúo), romance (romanza), royal dance (kashua),[3] folksy March (pasacalle) and intercession (plegaria).
The zarzuela is set in a mine in Cerro de Pasco and laments the conflicts between the Indian miners and the European owners (sajones, meaning “Saxons”). In the course of the play, the exploitative Mr. King is murdered by Higinio. But that doesn't bring the longed-for freedom and solution to the constant conflicts, because his successor is Mr. Cup, with whom the social grievances continue unchanged. The condor, the symbol of freedom, continues to circle. Intercession invokes the condor, who should take the person affected to Machu Picchu in the Inca empire.
This zarzuela was banned after a coup in 1914 and was not copyrighted until 1933 when Robles was in New York as cultural attaché. He chose the music publisher Edward B. Marks Music Corp. from, who registered Robles and translator Paul Yoder (1908-1990) as authors with BMI entitled El cóndor pasa: Inca Dance.[4] The original piano arrangement on which the copyright registration is based was by George Cole. In this original form, the piece begins with a very slow choral tempo, which then gradually increases and ends at a very high tempo.
An early cover version was released by John B. Marshall's Marshall's Civic Band in 1942,[5] the year Robles died. A first description in the trade press in October 1942 is based on the editing by George Cole on which the 1933 copyright registration was based. The description explains the beginning of the song in the style of a recitative, the part after begins with an attractive melody, a bridge leads into the second section of the composition with a different key and a slightly increased tempo; after a few passages with dancing figures, it finally arrives at a dramatic finale.[6]
13 окт 2022
