Electrical vehicle BMS with Charge Monitoring and Fire 🔥 Protection using Arduino UNO 

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ABSTRACT: Electrical vehicle BMS with Charge Monitoring and Fire 🔥 Protection using Arduino UNO
The use of green energy is becoming increasingly more important in today’s world. Therefore, electric vehicles are currently the best choice for the environment in terms of public and personal transportation. Because of its high energy and current density, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles. Unfortunately, lithium-ion batteries can be dangerous if they are not operated within their Safety Operation Area (SOA). Therefore, a battery management system (BMS) must be used in every lithium-ion battery, especially for those used in electric vehicles.
In this work, the purpose, functions and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. In addition, early battery models along with the hardware and system designs for BMS are covered in a literature review. Then, an improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are shown to verify the model’s performance. Finally, the design of a novel BMS hardware system and its experimental results are discussed. The possible improvements for the battery models and BMS hardware are given in the section on conclusions and future work.
A battery management system (BMS) is proposed which is used for electronic vehicle that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state using Arduino UNO microcontroller.
The controlling device of the whole system is ARDUINO UNO microcontroller. The integrated modules to the controller are temperature sensor, Battery pack along with relays, Charger and LCD Module. When the battery pack gets drained, it will charge through relays. Here we are using two relays for fast and slow charging. Here DC MOTOR works as a vehicle. While running the vehicle microcontroller will display the voltage and current values on LCD module as well as it displays the temperature continuously. If the temperature value crosses the set limit, then microcontroller active the buzzer for alerts. Based on the battery voltage it will charge the battery in two modes like fast and slow. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection. To achieve this task microcontroller loaded program written in embedded C language.
The major building blocks of this project are:
 Regulated power supply
 ARDUINO UNO Microcontroller.
 Temperature sensor.
 Voltage sensor.
 Buzzer.
 Battery pack
 Relays.
 Charging Circuit.
 LCD display.
 LED Indicators.
 Crystal oscillator.
 Reset button.
Software’s used:
 Embedded C programming.
 Arduino UNO for dumping code into Micro controller.
 Express SCH for Circuit design.