Entropy

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057 - Entropy
In this video Paul Andersen explains that entropy is simply the dispersion of matter or energy. He begins with a series of video that show the natural direction of processes. According to the second law of thermodynamics the entropy may never decrease in a closed system. In irreversible processes the entropy will increase over time. The entropy will increase as volume increases, phases change, temperature increases and as the moles of products increases.
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Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
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All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
AJ. A Red Balloon on a Ribbon, July 18, 2008. Open clip Art Library image's page. commons.wikimed....
Ebaychatter0. English: Sport Car, October 3, 2012. Own work. commons.wikimed....
"File:Dinitrogen-Tetroxide-3D-vdW.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 27, 2013. en.wikipedia.or....
"File:Nitrogen-Dioxide-3D-vdW.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 27, 2013. en.wikipedia.or....
"File:Oxygen Molecule.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 27, 2013. en.wikipedia.or....
"File:Water-3D-Balls.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 27, 2013. en.wikipedia.or....
Forluvoft. Simple Diagram of Double-Stranded DNA, [object HTMLTableCellElement]. Own work. commons.wikimed....
penubag, F. l a n k e r. English: Nomenclature of the Phase Changes of a System in English. This Image Is Not Drawn to Scale, Meaning There Is No Association between Location and the Enthalpy of the State of Matter., October 30, 2008. Own work. commons.wikimed....
Sharayanan. English : Depicts the Main Idea behind the Kinetic Theory of Gases - That Is, Gases Are Made of Molecules Whose Permanent Hits on the Walls of the Container Is Perceived as Pressure, and Whose Excitement Is Related to Temperature., August 8, 2007. Own work. commons.wikimed....
User:Forrestjunky, adaption of source-image by. Svg Tree Image, Based on Image:Broccoli.svg by user:Dvortygirl., March 16, 2008. Image:Broccoli.svg by Dvortigirl, converted to svg by Armada44. commons.wikimed....

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29 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 162

@jimkeller3868 8 лет назад

Actually, the reason for not crying over spilled milk is that it's irreversible. .....acceptance.

@KibyNykraft 5 месяцев назад

You have to spend more energy than zero to reverse the process. Just like you need energy to run a machine.

@egidijuskuprusevicius4225 8 лет назад

another important feature that is missed here is the all driving force (or field which produces this force): if force is due to T (simple mechanical force or inertion force that is produced due to the electomagnetostatic field on impact), then one set of thing is going on, but if you have gravitational field or attractive (to Earth) force, then another set of things is going on and so any intermediate or mixed states.

@KibyNykraft 5 месяцев назад

"Field" of force = the regional totality of particle interactions, and other particle mechanics (such as vibration, spin). Magnetism, charge, radiowaves and gravity are not fundamentals of nature in a literal sense. They are expressions for how a group of particles operate within a certain area of space.

@FlaccidSoft 10 лет назад

perfect for HBL week !

@shivangipal335 8 лет назад

This video was very helpful ! thanks a lot

@emilygreen2436 8 лет назад

you are amazing. thank you so much for everything you do!

@tvxqvicky 10 лет назад

Wish u have made AP phys videos :((((((( all ur videos are so helpful !

@ee-zm3hz 4 года назад

thanks so much! really clears things up:)

@andrewpersaud4144 8 лет назад

if you change the water example, which is all pure substances, to a solution that breaks up into gases with more moles, is that a decrease in entropy instead? my notes say a solution has higher entropy than pure substances, even if the solution is a solid.

@Japsieify 8 лет назад

So statisticly, within x amount of time, all particles and energy in the universe will be dispursed equally and no kind of reactions can occur? The entropy will be maximum?

@gabemerritt3139 8 лет назад

yes that is refered to as the big chill.

@egidijuskuprusevicius4225 8 лет назад

Not necessarily. Since will be no translational motion or traveling of particles, you cannot tell what value of Entropy will be...it can be any value including minimum and maximum (it depends on the previous time moment since only averages make sense - T on each x, y, z directions and P averages these 3 directions one more time)...T=0 doesn't mean that energy of the particle is = 0, since it can rotate or vibrate forever and at any rate...Entropy =1 when exists only translational motion (elastic impacts) or when rotational+vibrational=const. Entropy > 1 is in the case when rotational+vibrational increasing and 0 < Entropy < 1 when decreasing.

@gabemerritt3139 8 лет назад

+Egidijus Kuprusevicius You got over my head quick, congratulations

@shreedharanselvakumar9559 7 лет назад

Sir u cud hv explained mre abt the cases in which the entropy of universe is 0, gr8tr than 0, less than0

@slidersamac 10 лет назад

Dude. That was absolutely not confusing and your graphics were so neat and organized. Thanks for your hard work; I understand entropy now! :)

@heaven3706 4 года назад

Abby McIntyre ikr Bozeman is the BEST

@xiocrafter 10 лет назад

This guy is excellent. He's not trying to deliver flashy sound bite edutainment, unlike another popular RU-vid chem series I've shown in my highschool chem class. Just concise, elequently presented lessons that enrich already interesting yet difficult topics requiring clarification for most students.

@louf7178 5 лет назад

xiocrafter Sound "byte"; as in bits and bytes of data

@nl5455 Год назад

@@louf7178 I think so

@SkyfalconTin 9 лет назад

yes, very helpful, better than the Crashcourse

@Yashpandey467 8 лет назад

yup! crashcourse means 'business'

@greatwhitesufi 8 лет назад

+SkyfalconTin Sure, if you have a test in a few hours.

@chhavigupta2802 7 лет назад

exactly...

@ibra5648 3 года назад

i was just about to comment that his vids are better than crashcourse

@andrewchen861 5 месяцев назад

ong crashcoruse is ass

@andrewfanelli8051 9 лет назад

Excellent video! Entropy is so confusing to my students and this is the first video I have found that does a good job explaining it without oversimplifying a complex concept. Thank you!

@KibyNykraft 5 месяцев назад

Where it gets confusing is when either religious or "black swan" physicists are over-interpreting the expression (entropy) into various forms of abstractions. Entropy is essentially thermo-"mechanical". That is, every locality of energy will always have to move into where it can move to (automatically). Thus, you will have a local "heat death"(see the Laws of thermodynamics) in a house when you open doors between cold and warmer rooms. After a while all rooms have the same temperature, with the exception that it is often a bit colder near to the ground then just under the roof. This is because heat (a type of photonic energy) is repelled by gravitational bodies.

@StrictlySealed 9 лет назад

Omg, dude you are fucking god

@henryjan975 4 года назад

I tried a chem textbook. I tried google. I tried other sources. This one was the only one that made it obvious what entropy is. Thank You Bozeman Science.

@cocosings0326 6 лет назад

I go to a very rigorous school, but can I just say that Mr. Anderson has helped me raise my grade two letters and actually I've been beginning to like Chemistry when I couldn't even keep my eyes open before in my hour long classes. Thank you Mr. Anderson! And people who like CrashCourse are just blinded by their graphics and designing, they lack clarity unlike every single Bozeman Science video.

@letthekidssmile 10 лет назад

thanks for simplifying that. i am always amazed at your ability to simplify and elucidate the most complex of concepts. it's always a good start before I start to deepen my understanding on something. thank you for the great video!

@boratsuckdiev461 8 лет назад

I think there is a deeper meaning in the old saying "Don't cry over spilled milk" It's telling us to move on and not get caught up with something that is irreversible.

@gabemerritt3139 8 лет назад

and don't cause further entropy by crying.

@surenderjakhar1923 7 лет назад

Gabe Merritt 😁😁

@louf7178 5 лет назад

David K That's all fine and dandy until you need to drink some.

@turtlepower321 10 лет назад

Okay, just want to say this actually helped me so much. I've had a substitute teacher for the past month and she tried to teach us this, I think but I really didn't know what was going on until I watched this. So thank you so much!!!

@mandyhamilton8083 9 лет назад

Thank you so much Mr. Anderson for this truly helpful video :-)

@OscarWrightZenTANGO 9 лет назад

I think I almost got it...yeah !

@danielricci6917 2 года назад

What about the effect of gravity on entropy. The second law of thermodynamics states: "In any cyclic process, the entropy will either increase or remain the same." Entropy is a measure of the disorder or multiplicity of a system, or the amount of energy not available to do work. For an isolated system, the natural course of events takes it to a more disordered and higher entropic state. Gravity, on the other hand, knows only attraction and therefore tends to keep things in an ordered state by keeping them close to each other and thus reducing the occupied volume as well as the possibilities of possible states, so it is could add a term to the famous Boltzmann formula being: E = K ln(W) - K f(g) where g is gravity and f() a function proportional to g and also f(0)=0. Perhaps its effect is so weak that it is very difficult to detect it. Well it's my humble opinion that it's probably wrong.

@vanessa6082 3 года назад

GREAT explanation!

@policyfirst4399 2 года назад

Dispersal is more intuitive vs The number of possible arrangements of things or a tendency towards disorder. The latter two examples are impenetrable to my mind but disperal...Bam! I got it!

@shizaqaisar3903 2 года назад

OMG finally I understood this concept of entropy after 4 years!thank god!

@vishwarana8698 Год назад

How entropy increase with # of moles? Since u hav more moles it dsnt hv much space for disorder lik solid. Then why entropy increases?

@tashamartin9252 4 года назад

You're videos are soo helpful. I am taking Biology in College after being out of school for 10+ years and they are the only reason I can understand anything in this class. Thank you so much!

@tomlyons7066 8 лет назад

The only reason I could tell the ball example was A is the shadow of his hand rolling it in the background. Is there another way to determine in which of the two videos the ball is rolling in the correct direction?

@egidijuskuprusevicius4225 8 лет назад

what is missing here is the saying that entropy is non physical, but mathematical entity coming from the relation TS and it only makes sense together with a Temperature as opposite to the Temperature event, i. e. if T increases then S decreases when everything else is fixed like N or V since those extensive variables are related to space rather than to time like in the case of intensive variables

@xiiixiiih.16 2 года назад

the salt from Crying over spilled milk could cause a black hole could it, not?

@egidijuskuprusevicius4225 8 лет назад

if you build a house it is irreversible as well since it will be destroyed in many various ways without even a builder

@texture6 8 лет назад

In a closed system the heat acts as air pressure and the lack of heat you have low pressure?

@peclesswonder 10 лет назад

hey, i just wanted to say youre videos are really helpful! thank you so much!

@REBECCABASA-p7w Год назад

Sir, you're a life saver huhu. Thanks a bunch!!!

@bobo3807 9 лет назад

I thought the video was excellent but I'm still confused because after reading about the fate of the universe the professor claimed that once all the stars had used up their energy and burnt out, the entropy would be at a maximum because now the universe is filled with useless energy. So I have a problem understanding worthwhile as opposed to useless energy. It just seems like double-talk. Also when I think of conserving anything it means I will always have it and I wonder if rather than saying that energy and matter are always conserved wouldn't it be better to say that energy and matter are always accounted for. One last thing. Considering E=mc2^ wouldn't in terms of entropy mean that the process is irreversible so that mass is not equal to E/c2^.

@Vector50cal 9 лет назад

Bob O Entropy does not make E = Mc^2 invalid. E = Mc^2 means that mass can be converted into energy and the reverse is also true. In order to make mass turn into energy, energy must be expended to start the reaction. An example in fission. Energy naturally creates chaos because it excites matter which makes atoms move farther away from each other. In order to turn energy into mass a reaction such as fussion occurs. Fussion takes chaotic particles such as hydrogen and fuses them together to make a more complex structure. Energy is released in the procees which is an equal to or a greater amount of chaos than what amount of organization that was created. To sum it up, if an organized structure is created than an equal or greater amount of chaos is the result.

@androzons 4 года назад

Who is here after watching TENET?

@eng.maimonahkhader3311 3 года назад

You are the best A very well explanation Thank you

@sentfrom4477 3 года назад

Most Chemists don’t need much more than this. Good. Worthwhile emphasising though, that the entropy change often being discussed here is the entropy change of the reacting system. You swop from reacting to isolated systems and that might confuse some students. Making qualitative predictions about the net entropy change of an isolated system is not always straightforward. For example, when a saturated solution spontaneously precipitates, the reaction system undergoes a drop in entropy but the isolated system undergoes an increase. Finally, avoid connecting entropy changes with disorder. Overall though, a helpful video and thank you for preparing it.

@KibyNykraft 5 месяцев назад

No system are however literally isolated. So there is always a degree of isolation (energy density). "Spontaneous" is not an actual condition or event, only apparently so. All energy and matter is always in continuous motion.

@ross4425 8 лет назад

we can decrease entropy in an isolated system by Increasing the entropy of the universe around the object within the isolated system you mean? At 4:20, could you clarify that just a little bit?

@Pomme843 8 лет назад

What he means to say is that the entropy of a _ materially closed_ system can be decreased by increasing the entropy of its surroundings.

@viktorvondoom9119 2 года назад

Thanks, now I'm craving some milk

@egidijuskuprusevicius4225 8 лет назад

To sum up T is and average velocity of 1 particle of mass m (average impulse), and it is obtained by measuring volume of these particles at P=const since increased average velocity expands the stuff consisting of these particles. Entropy comes into being only when the averaged velocity is not linear with changes in Volume (or Pressure - whoever is fixed, can be both not fixed but then it is impossible to attribute changes due to each) and in this case energy is being consumed on rotational and vibrational motions of that particle not only on translational motion (same is truth when some chemical reactions are happening and in this case average impulses will change too and number of particles). VdW or London dispersion interactions (or the change in molecular conformation) will contribute in to changes of those 3 types of particle motion and will be felt in this way.

@shawanaamin8136 Год назад

Me seeing the shadow to figure out the answer😅

@zaidmousa9867 10 лет назад

I was hoping you would talk about Reversible Processes. You mentioned cases where Entropy (delta S) in the certain process could decrease, but in this, the Entropy is a certain other system around did increase. Would this yield a net of 0 or a positive net? I remember in processes, Entropy would either increase or not change. Are there even any truely reversible processes?

@NoMakeUpShannon 9 лет назад

thanks alot, you are really helpful and you explain stuff really well...!!! so happy i found someone who actually teaches the right way. THANKS AGAIN

@majesticc8578 Год назад

Thanks from Mendeleev Chemistry University! It's a bit complicate to understand all that chemistry, there is a lot of it, your videos are incredibly helpful for me

@dohaalsaddani1063 10 лет назад

if only I was able to give 1000000000 likes!!!

@speargraphy6301 4 года назад

I came here after watching TENET

@AddHazers 10 лет назад

Wow I never understood this concept because it was always taught to me as the amount of chaos that has occurred. You explained this very well, and I commend your decision to take a year off and make more of these videos :D

@toristoddard3831 8 лет назад

I wish you were my teacher. You have helped me so much. You are so intelligent thank you for sharing your knowledge with wonderful videos :)

@pandy1578 3 года назад

Thank you so much! I appreciate all the different examples given and the pictures as well. Entropy is such a complicated concept because you have to remember so many factors that increase it but everything made sense!

@trollala_555 Год назад

this is what enspired the movie Tenet

@tassinfaak 4 года назад

Blessed science guy.

@Mech.Masters 10 лет назад

S=Q/T then how does increasing temperature increases entropy though they are inversely related?

@FedorVinogradovGoogle 4 года назад

The best explanation for now

@someoneOnYoutube001 5 лет назад

Mary Poppins can reverse entropy.

@sonamtshering194 Год назад

An understandable explanation

@daniellelemoine2628 8 лет назад

I'm taking intro to BIo... and haven't taken a science course in over a decade. I don't know what i would do without these videos! They are great... thanks so much!

@jeanyi488 4 года назад

Deep knowledge he has. It's my first time to understand on "entropy increasing maneuver".

@Mech.Masters 10 лет назад

We know that more entropy means less useful work.........Can someone give me an example where the entropy increases and thus the useful work decreases?

@Thermospecialist 10 лет назад

Yes, I can give several examples: solar, wind and bio energy. They are high-entropy sources, thus causing a low efficieny for useful work (not a complete answer, but think the rest yourself).

@Mech.Masters 10 лет назад

Please expand,i am a beginner to this field.

@Thermospecialist 10 лет назад

As a beginner you only have to know that all flowing energy finally becomes heat at ambient temperature, the higest possible entropy on Earth (or on any planet with an atmosphere). At ambient temperature, we can't use it any more. This means that heat has dispersed, i.e. spread out over huge volumes, basically the whole Earth's atmosphere. The energy of solar, wind and bio (the sources) are already widely spread out, so we can't spread it out much more. This means low efficiency. i.e. we can use only a little of it. Solar energy is best, but not good enough, forget wind power and bio fuel.

@suzannehedderly1331 10 лет назад

Nice video Mr. Andersen. As always, great information in a tight little package.

@nazgulwraith2281 7 лет назад

I finished chemical engineering and entropy was and still a nightmare to understand :/

@Supermario0727 7 лет назад

I could tell that video "A" was the one played in reverse, since the shadow of the ball gave it away.

@fatimam1078 10 лет назад

thaaaank you a lot u r amazing

@egidijuskuprusevicius4225 8 лет назад

plasma is less spread than very low density gas (and this gas is of very low T)

@aethox 9 лет назад

best entropy vid on youtube.

@antaress8128 10 лет назад

Very interesting video.

@khushboosingh947 5 лет назад

Much better!

@malcolmb24 10 лет назад

I love you Mr. A! You make chem and bio easy to learn and can't thank you enough

@dinulucian Год назад

Bravo! The most intuitive explanation of entropy 👏

@noa3najimdeen 10 лет назад

You are the cheapest tutor ever, and you don't make me feel like an idiot when you talk! Thank you so much for your videos. I will owe you big time when I get that passing grade on my Chem test in the morning. I've watched quite of your videos about these subjects. THANK YOU.

@softbluemine 8 лет назад

+Najimdeen Adewuyi I don't understand how being cheap is a good thing?

@fareehashahid4884 Год назад

Excellent job😊

@sharonlegrange2353 6 лет назад

Yes it was helpful

@ComandaKronikk 8 лет назад

This is your best video yet mate! Such a simple explanation thats easy to remember

@Unosareen 10 лет назад

Thanks for the upload. Fantastic videos as usual.

@zainabmohammad9960 7 лет назад

Was really helpful, thanks 😄 - subscribed -

@Henry-yw8bl 2 года назад

hadir

@Nice69 10 лет назад

Good job Mr Andersen!

@Kirthikvasan 8 лет назад

Gud work

@andrewchen861 5 месяцев назад

love it

@EduIreland 7 лет назад

BS. Entropy is qualitative? Entropy is related to dispersion? All wrong....

@TMPChem 7 лет назад

More precisely one might say, "quantitative calculations involving entropy in sufficiently realistic models of chemical systems are typically so mathematically demanding that they give graduate students sleepless nights as they desperately attempt to complete assigned problem sets, thus at the early undergraduate level it's often sufficient within our time constraints to discuss such concepts in qualitative terms alone."

@surenderjakhar1923 7 лет назад

Eduardo Silva What does BS mean?

@surenderjakhar1923 7 лет назад

Eduardo Silva what does BS mean