Every Spinosaurid, explained. 

I noticed a few recurring questions or comments in this video, so here are my answers in case other viewers are asking the same. 1. Where is Vectispinus? Vectispinus is not a formal name, the materials were described under the nickname “White Rock Spinosaurid”. The researchers considered naming it Vectispinus, but the genus was not formally erected. 2. How do we know the whole skeleton of a dinosaur based on a single tooth? The answer is, we don’t. The whole body comes from other animals that are at least indicated to be closely related, in other words, assumption. When only a single tooth fossil was found, we can only compare it to other known skulls or skeletons with similar teeth and assume the rest of the body is also similar. While in truth, the tooth itself might end up coming from a completely different organism. This practice of naming new dinosaurs from incomplete and unclear materials has been commonly done since the dinosaur renaissance in the 60s and 70s, because frankly, everyone wants to name a dinosaur. This has resulted in messy naming and confusing taxonomic designations that we have to deal with today. 3. Why is Irritator the smallest spinosaurid? Because it is. Other sources might give a much higher size estimate for irritator, but that is because they consider Angaturama to be its synonym (in which it might be). The specimen for Irritator itself is small. For the purpose of this video, I had to separate the 2 taxa, so I based the size estimates only from the corresponding materials. If you have any questions about the topic of the video, you can comment down below!

It is genuinely INSANE that I'm watching this completely for free, it's clear how much effort was put into this.

What's better than 1 Spinosaurus? How about 20! :D

If I had a nickel for every time a Spinosaurid holotype has been destroyed within a museum fire, I'd have two nickels... But it's weird that it has happened twice...

Spinosaurid fossils when theres a natural/man-made disasters: Aight, ima head out

The production quality of these videos is insane

Spinosaurid taxonomy try not being a mess challenge impossible 100% On a real note, amazing job with everything we currently have to work with. I love your content and despite the rare uploads, its always worth it! You make the learning fun!

Wow! Fantastic! The pictures, reconstructions, skeletal models, geographic mapping, animations, size scaling, phylogenetic record, fossil record, scientific data and history about this theropod family are all incredible! Love the spinosaurids! Love this video! Bravo, Eric Lim! I'm looking forward for your next scientific videos! :D

It still baffles me that these very high quality beautiful videos get so little views. Very good work yet again, thank you for it

I'm glad the RU-vid algorithm brought me to this video. You deserve at least 500k subscribers with this quality. Keep up the amazing work!

this is honestly the most accurate and best educational spinosaur video on the platform at the minute props to you!

Dude!! This video is awesome, I've never seen this convoluted yet awesome group of dinosaurs explained so succinctly. Plus realistic paleoart to match?? You've blown me away, definitely earned a subscriber, and you deserve way more. I can't wait to hopefully see more of this kind of content from you. Keep it up!

I work at a paleontology lab in Brazil and a interesting feature we see at Spinosaurids is the lack of information. Many of the remains are fragmented and this supports the thesis that they had semi aquatic habits. Why? Rivers are energic places, that transports organic matter and possibly fragments the most fragile remains It's sad we have access to such a low percentage of the bones, but we can get new information based on that

Valinonaventrix! I have been in love with dinosaurs for nearly 3 decades. Educating myself on them is quite literally an obsessive past time. So how is that obsessed never heard of this animals absurdist, bouncy, long name!? I'm baked right now and can't stop laughing at myself trying to say if. I'm gonna name a project that has been lacking a name this.

Wow the quality of this video is incredible. Hope you get more traction for this, because this is criminally underrated.

As a big spinosaurus enthusiastic, I've been keeping a list of all species (including the dubious and synonym ones) descibed through the years, and updating it as long as a new one "dropped". The moment I opened this video I opened the list and counted 'em all. I don't know if I'm happy either because I managed to not miss any of them through all this years or because you managed to put all in one video! And with good illustrations. This was surely a lot of work and research, good job! Waited too long for someone to put all species together without missing one or two "synonyms", but the wait was worth it!!! On a side note: with the velocity new species has been described recently, I wouldn't be surprised with another one dropping in the future. Hope the next ones get a way to be updated/added to this video, or a new one including them! :)

Just found out about this channel, dude if you ever manage, please make more based on more families/clades, the production quality is insane!

Hey! I remember watching your original Spinosaurus video from a couple years ago. It's sure been a while and I gotta say, you definitely improved. The organization and consistency whilst being easy to follow to the end is just done amazingly! 🙌🔥 Now for my personal take on the Sub-Aquaeous Forager vs Terrestrial Wader theory, I have a feeling some miscommunication is at play here because both sides of the argument are technically "correct", it's just that the main takeaway is how would it actually function as a predator because Sereno and Myrvhold et al didn't necessarily present any proper evidence aside to "debunk" the Sub-Aquaeous Forager theory aside from just critiquing it and in fairness, Ibrahim and Fabbri's team has access to original material and they too critiqued Sereno and Myrvhold et al's paper that's presently seen in the same 2024 paper and how they didn't get the information correct such as suggesting Spinosaurus was only dense in the legs but the rest of its body was hollow like that of other theropods which isn't seen in the actual skeleton and etc. Not to mention Ibrahim and Fabbri also have their own pre-print paper ready to go for a follow up response to Myrvhold et al's 2024 paper, so it's safe to say the debate isn't stopping anytime soon unless we find much more remains lol Now the main argument I standby is a Hippo because fun fact, Hippos can't actually swim at all, but they can submerge and forage underwater to the point they're even seen chasing after speedboats out of aggression and or territorial behavior and that's thanks to just having dense bones alone which could explain both sides of the argument of how Spino can be a Sub-Aquaeous Forager whilst also being able to be a Terrestrial Wader/Hunter.

Spinosaurus being my personal favourite dinosaur of all time, this video has been a remarkable introduction to your channel. After checking out some of your other videos, I truly believe that your absolute professionalism and sophisticated presentation makes your channel deserving of way more attention. With the d-riding out of the way, keep it up man!

Man why do the coolest dinosaurs always gotta have some of the most fragmented fossils :(

It’s amazing that you animated all this. Very educational as well. I had never heard of 6 of these.

Jesus Christ the quality of this video is magnificent you earned new subscriber mate!

I was genuinely impressed by the quality of this video. Instantly a new subscriber.

This channel needs to blow up. The quality of content and information is really good

You are the most underrated RU-vid channel i’ve ever seen. I hope you to be more valued! You deserve million subs! Gratz. ❤

*Great video, I've noticed your channel doesn't have many views but i think the algorithm is starting to pick you up since i was recommended this video yesterday and i had never heard of you beforehand.*

I cannot stress this enough: your infographic is brief but with very clear explanations, this is one of, if not the, MOST informative paleontology content I have ever found. Thank you! One question please: will you expand this "Every..., explained" into a series? I really wish there will be MORE of them, covering other clades, whether the fellow Saurischia, and/or branching to Ornithischia, or even to the rest of the prehistoric animals.

This is one of the most Informative and well animated paleovids I’ve seen in a long time. Keep up the good work!

Dude I just found this channel. I’m so surprised with how great its production quality is you definitely deserve more subscribers.

The real question is, why do they love Spain so much?

Please, do this more and more fam!!! These are gorgeous dino desing, rigourose scientific reasearching and reference, well explained, and beautiful and soft edition!! I would love to see this kind of videos every week!! Or monthly, i love this. Theres a lack of this quality videos out there. Hope you the best and see more and more of this. I am from south Spain, i didnt know there were such an amount of Spinosaurids founded here in the Peninsula! i would love to watch a video about the history and importance behind the Iguanodon!!❤

This was absolutely amazing - very informative, simple enough in the explanations, and with incredible visuals to make it interesting for the layperson. Please, keep doing more on dinosaur groups!!! Would love to see one on the tyrannosaur group, dromaeosaurs, lesser-known triassic and permian groups, etc!

What a surprise! Happy to find some good quality content these days. I just discovered the channel, and I liked it so much. Keep it up :)

Holy moly dude! This video quality is top tier, Its smooth and feels like something you'd see in a dinosaur visual textbook. Keep up the awesome work man ❤

Woah, this is amazing! Great animation and design. You’re criminally underrated

I think this is one of the best videos i've seen in RU-vid so far, its so complete, so well explained, so well illustrated, this, this is what I want my feed to look like

This is the first time I saw your videos, the level of quality is amazing. Subscribed!

The quality of this video is simply wonderful, extremely clean and well done in terms of design and very well treated and addressed in terms of information, I don't know why it took so long for your channel's recommendation to appear, I love the Spinosaurids, they are my group of favorite Theropodos, and this video alone made me want to see all the videos on your channel, you have earned a well-deserved like and a new subscriber, keep it up :D

I love you’re absolute scientific accuracy in this video explaining the most mysterious and debated dinosaur groups! As a huge dinosaur fan and nerd, I can’t thank you enough for this video. ❤

Spinosaurus : Oh wow , new look for me! Paleo News : Spinosaurus isn't aquactic! Spinosaurus : Not again...

This was so well edited and put together, thank you!

Very comprehensive and informative, with as little conjecture as possible. Also, great artwork in the whole video. :) Hope you do videos like these for other families of dinosaurs and other extinct creatures!

Thank you for this. I love your channel so much, best one I've ever subscribed to

This was an incredible video. I’m hoping we get breakdowns for the Tyrannosaurids and the Ceratopsians.

First video, and I can already tell this channel deserves so much more recognition then it has 🔥

I'm so impressed by the quality of this video! Jaw droping indeed. Great work!

this was a mesmerizing video to watch. it looks beautiful, all the information is presented clearly and the visuals are sleek, effective, and interesting. there's just the right amount of movement on screen and the drawings/animations are just gorgeous. i am in awe at the graphic design (and i came here for the dinosaurs)

This is an unreasonably based video. Being this based is illegal and I’m sorry to say your under arrest

This video is AMAZING!! So much accurate research and incredible art! So underrated!

I just found your channel and I love it. Keep up the good work!😊

This is an insanely well made video! Deserves way more views, bravo!

Dude this video is super polished and informative. Liked and subbed 👍

I was not only blown away by the production quality, but especially the ending with this epic story quickly recapping the video, it was just phenomenal! Great job 🙌

MORE VIDS LIKE THIS PLSSS! This is like some documentary level production and visuals, can't wait for future vids. Keep it up! 🦖🦖

Just found ur channel and am now subscribed. Plz make this a complete series!

Liked and subscribed ! It is the most complete and comprehensive video on the subject. It is clear, well illustrated and everything is up to date.

This was one of the most entertaining videos I have EVER watched. You earned my sub.

This is insane! I love the Spinosaurus (and by extent other Spinosaurids), and this video was a great way to learn about them all. You've got yourself a new subscriber, my dude, and I'm excited to see what else you have!

insanely high quality video, good job man i love this!

Thank you for making a well made, well informed video. Its very enjoyable to watch and i await the future videos you have in store.

Instantly subscribed. Quality of these vids are crazy

Food for thought. You make more videos just like this with all the other dinosaurs bc just by the intro I was like yep must see if he did any other dinosaur groups just like this. I love this so much and have seen like only 5 minutes of it.

Amazing video! A very well done and neat job. I liked that you talked about a little of their niche and their contexts. I would like to see more

Omg I love the graphics and animations! 🔥🔥🔥 I hope you keep making summary videos like this one! I was recently looking for one on ceratopsians to easly explain the different species to a friend so I hope to see one in the future! ❤

This video is amazing I love how informative it is I learned more about these majestic creatures I hope you make more like this

very complex and thorough video super underrated for 10k subs 💗💗🙏🙏 amazing video!

This is video is genuinely one of the most informative and high-quality videos on spinosaurus I’ve seen. I’d love to see you do more on other dinosaur families, i.e., Titanosaurids, Pachycephalosaurids, Tyrannosaurids, etc. Subscribing for future videos!

Congratulations!!! What a amazing video u made 🎉🎉🎉

I love this video, it's very well done and very consistent in the art style.

Insane quality mate good job

It's UNBELIEVABLE that a single person made this

your so underrated dude the production quality is insane+

Wow stunning and informative video! Thank you so much for putting it together! 😃🙌

Amazing video. Definitely subscribing

what an amazing channel! incredible work!!

Great video bro. Great info, great editing, great pictures, great knowledge. Good job. Keep it up.

Please make more of these palaeontology videos! They are just so informative and well done! I wouldn’t mind seeing one about pterosaurs 👀

I love the quality and animation of this video, I can’t get over it!

Please do more of these. This is amazing.

Amazing video , keep up the good work

What the you know what?! This video was educational, entertaining, very nicely put together and amazingly written and apparently it's not the only one of its kind on this channel?!?!?!? What the Fukuiraptor is going on?!?!? How did I not know about this channel until now????

Beautiful vid, glad I could learn more about such an amazing group of theropods

WHY AM I FINDING ABOUT YOUR CHANNEL NOW! THIS IS ABSOLUTELY AMAZING!

I've never seen such a Amazing Video about Spinosaurids like this before

Excelent video! Its good to have video which easily explains this enigmatic family of dinosaurs! 👌

Amazing visuals and everything. Fantastic video.

Im glad i found this channel, subbed!

That was an incredible video !!! So much information and a very great video to watch , maybe can you do the same for tyrannosaurid or dromaeosaurid ?

Plz make more vids like this covering dinosaurs I love this awesome work!

great video really well researched and also amazing art

Beautifully produced video. Keep it up!

How am I only just discovering this channel? These are some of the best paleontology related videos I've ever seen on RU-vid.

This video makes me happy, and i did not expect there to be so many croco-ducks (Ichthyovenator my favorite)

This is so well made!

The quality and presentation of the video is simply incredible, I want the same analysis about crocodylomorphs please!)

The work behind this is amazing

the editing in this is really good

Please do this style of vid with Ceratopsia or Tyrannosauridae. Also quality of this vid is amazing keep up the good work 👍

The production quality is through the roof!

Absolutely amazing video!