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Ezer Kenegdo in Genesis  

Mark Steven Francois
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This video is part of a series on the term Ezer Kenegdo in Genesis 2:18, which is normally translated along the lines of, "a helper that corresponds to him". This particular video deals with an article by R. David Freedman entitled, "Woman, a Power Equal to Him." The video breaks apart his argument and shows why it simply does not work from a linguistic perspective.

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19 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 31   
@MikeWinger
@MikeWinger 2 года назад
Thanks for this video Dr. Francois! I thought it was really helpful, articulate and about as accessible to lay people as you could make it given the subject matter. I've shared it with others as well since Freedman's short article has gained such wide influence. It was recently leaned on for an argument made in chapter 1 of the newest update of Discovering Biblical Equality.
@markstevenfrancois
@markstevenfrancois 2 года назад
Hi Mike. Thanks for taking the time to leave a comment and for sharing the video. On a different note, I really enjoyed your videos on the Passion Translation. They were very well done and are a great resource. My mom also enjoys your videos and has mentioned them several times when we drop by for visits. All the best.
@MikeWinger
@MikeWinger 2 года назад
@@markstevenfrancois Thanks! Tell your mom I said hi!
@ritavaags
@ritavaags 2 года назад
It’s interesting to note that our Messiah also gives mankind a HELPER, the Holy Spirit, and refers to it as “POWER from on high.” Isn’t it possible that God Himself has given us the proper clarification of “helper” and “power” through the example of the Holy Spirit?
@markstevenfrancois
@markstevenfrancois 2 года назад
Hi Rita. That's an interesting question. But I don't think that this way of resolving the issue works. Here are a couple of reasons. First, it isn't really legitimate to take two things that are attributed to something and say that because they are attributed to the same thing that they must be equivalent in meaning. For example, if I said that an igloo is both cold and white, it doesn't mean that the word cold is a synonym for the word white. This is an example of the equivalence fallacy. So if Jesus refers to the Holy Spirit as both a helper and as power from on high, it does not mean that the word helper means power. Second, the word "helper" in John 14:16 doesn't mean the same thing as the word "helper" in Genesis 2:18. The word that is sometimes translated as "helper" in John 14:16 is the word παράκλητος (parakletos). The word used in the Greek version of Genesis 2:18 is βοηθός (boethos). There is some overlap in meaning between the two words (advocate/legal assistant vs. helper) but they are not interchangeable. The NIV and the NRSV, for example, translate παράκλητος (parakletos) as "advocate" in John 14:16, not helper. So the comparison between Genesis 2:18 and John 14:16 doesn't really work since the words don't mean the same thing. Third, when we're trying to figure out the meaning of a word, we need to figure out the meaning of the word based on how the word was used during the time period of the writing we are dealing with. Genesis 2 is written in Classical Biblical Hebrew, which pretty much guarantees that the word ezer comes from the root ezer I. Based on all of the information that we have for the word ezer in biblical Hebrew and related languages, there is no reason to believe that the word ezer means power. To prove otherwise we would have to find other examples where the word ezer means power in other contexts. There are a couple of other reasons that I could add but I hope this helps.
@tammyfoster4155
@tammyfoster4155 9 часов назад
I guess the real question then is does the original language word translated to "helper" means the same thing (gives the same picture) as the word "helper" today in different areas?
@KathyPickel
@KathyPickel 2 дня назад
They have to be equal. Adam and Eve are a metaphor for the beginning of life. When you take an electron from an atom, you split it and make two atoms, two equal atoms. When you take a rib from man, you make another human, two equal humans. Equal does not mean same. They are equal, but they are not the same. They're two sides of a toroidal field, attached by the plane of inertia, or the plane of earth. They are equal, but they are not the same.
@jewishbride5010
@jewishbride5010 2 года назад
In accordance with this whole message and genesis 2:18, 2 corinthians 6:14-18 I loosen myself of being a helper of a power that is not equal to mine, in the name and blood of Jesus Christ, amen and hallelujah!
@markstevenfrancois
@markstevenfrancois 2 года назад
What do you mean?
@GarrettEderer
@GarrettEderer Год назад
I feel like what people also need is a cultural appropriation of the words used. People are looking at these words with our own cultural glasses sometimes and need to see the connotation and the meaning it had when it was written.
@markstevenfrancois
@markstevenfrancois Год назад
Hi Garrett. That's an interesting way of putting it. But you're definitely right that we need to keep ourselves from interpreting words in ancient texts from other cultures with our own cultural lenses. If we want to understand texts properly, we need to interpret them based on how people back then would have understood the words.
@solitairecat1
@solitairecat1 5 лет назад
All translations of Gen 2:18 are founded on the misconception that “God has already created man (a male human), place HIM in the Garden of Eden and commanded HIM not to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil” as Mr. Freedman points out in his introduction, but this assumption is proven incorrect in Gen 1:27 & 5: 1 & 2 where it states that God made mankind in his own likeness, male and female, and called them man אָדָ֔ם. Other evidence against the first human being a man is found in Hosea 11:9, where YHVH says “God I [am] and not man אִ֔ישׁ⁠”, which is what the man identified himself as in Gen 2:23. Rashi’s statement on Exodus 15:3 that “Wherever the words איש and אישך occur they must be translated by בעל; so, too, (1 Kings 2:2) “Be thou strong and show thyself an איש” - a mighty person”, must apply here and in Gen 3:16. In Strong’s Concordance, ish אִ֔ישׁ means “god, god-like one, mighty one”. Bible translators and theologians try to present these mighty ones in a positive light, however they are murderers like Cain Gen 4:1, evil like the “men of renown” Gen 6:4, more like beasts than humans Gen 7:2, and the first man was the serpent in Gen 3:1 who “became cunning over all living beings of the land” who deceived the woman. Once we have the context correct, by recognizing that the first human that YHVH created was both male and female, and the man (ish) had already fallen, in that he believed he was like God, then we can spot the many translation errors in this sentence which force it to align with Church tradition the goal of which is to allow males to rule over females: • The Hebrew text does not contain punctuation, the period or semi-colon after ‘alone’ is arbitrary. • Translators add ‘It is’ at the beginning of the sentence to distort its meaning, when the first words are ‘Not good’. • The Hebrew verb heyowt הֱי֥וֹת which means ‘become’, is translated as ‘for’ or ‘that’. • The Hebrew noun ha-adam is referring to the human created in Gen 1: 27, in God’s image, who is male and female. After the separation into male and female persons ha-adam is used of both. For example, in the phrase “daughters of men” in Gen 6: 2 & 4, it means “daughters of men and women” because clearly men cannot create offspring independent of women. • The prefix לְ and bad בַדּ֑וֹ, are translated as ‘be alone’, when the prefix means ‘to’ and bad is derived from badad בָּדָ֣ד which means part or stave (break something by forcing it inward or piercing it roughly). • A period or semi-colon are added here to disassociate the second half of the sentence from the rest, but since ancient Hebrew is not punctuated, we know that these have been added by translators to support their interpretation of the text. • The Hebrew לּ֥וֹ is translated as ‘him’ to make it appear that the man is the subject of the verse when it means ‘if only’. • The Hebrew ezer עזר, translated as ‘helper’, means ‘to help’ or ‘to assist’, and • The Hebrew neged נֶגְדּֽוֹ , translated as ‘counterpart’, means ‘opposite’. Gen 2:18 doesn’t say “it is not good for the man to be alone. I will make him a helper.” It actually states “Said YHVH God, ‘not good become the man, to stave do, if only to help opposite’”. The separation of the female from the male human delivered the woman, who is identified as Israel in Gen 3:15 & Rev 12: 1 to 5, from her opposite, a mighty one who seeks to rule over her in Gen 3:16. Once we know the truth we can free ourselves from their rule and chose God instead which is what Eve should have done.
@markstevenfrancois
@markstevenfrancois 5 лет назад
Thanks for taking the time to make such a detailed comment. I still have several videos to do on this topic and I imagine that many of your points will be addressed in those videos. Without going into detail, there are quite a few problems with the way you analyze the individual words in the verse as well as the final translation you give for the verse. That being said, based on what you've written here, it seems like you agree with the main point of the video, namely, that the word עֵ֫זֶר in Genesis 2:18 doesn't mean "power" or "strength" but something having to do with the concept of "help" or "assistance". I might do a video that goes through how to analyze the individual elements that make up this verse and how to translate the verse as a whole properly.
@empress2423
@empress2423 5 лет назад
Yeah, ADAM, the general would in Hebrew for a human, was created female and male, and the woman was not taken from a rib! what a ridiculous translation, & no need to mention: males are missing no rib LOL The word צלע Tezla means here: side, not rib, as in Genesis 2:21, Zela Ha Mishkan צלע המשכן, or a more used expression today: Tzela ha har צלע ההרת the side of the mountain
@kalinagrigorova
@kalinagrigorova 5 лет назад
Thank you Kate!
@luisPcordeiro
@luisPcordeiro Год назад
An understanding that Genesis 1 deals with the "spiritual" creation of all things, kind of a "design phase" of an incredible project, may shed some light on what happens next, when simple God made rain fall upon the Earth,
@milkboy8108
@milkboy8108 4 года назад
Thank you so much for this level of detail. Even though I don't study Hebrew, I was able to follow along and at least understand why these words were misunderstood. I've been wondering about this for a few years since I first heard the argument similar to Freedman's.
@markstevenfrancois
@markstevenfrancois 4 года назад
Hi Tamara. Thanks for leaving a comment. I'm glad you were able to follow along with this because it definitely is a complicated topic. In fact, it's so complicated that there are plenty of scholarly/semi-scholarly books that try to summarize Freedman's argument but show that they don't even understand what he was saying, let alone that many of his arguments are simply invalid.
@Dmicroluv
@Dmicroluv 5 лет назад
I came here with hope to get the information about "kenegdo", the word which appears only in this context... NGD is the raddix, but what K as prefix and O as suffix stans for...? and how to translate it at the end?
@markstevenfrancois
@markstevenfrancois 5 лет назад
Hello. The k prefix (כ) is simply a preposition that normally means, "like, as, according to". It's an inseparable preposition so it is always attached to the word that comes after it. In this case it probably means "according to". The o at the end is actually the pronominal suffix w, which ends up being pronounced as an "o" in this case. The pronominal suffix "w" is a third person masculine singular suffix and has a genitival (i.e. "of") relationship to the word it is attached to. So if we were to just translate the suffix by itself it would mean "of him". The word ngd generally means "opposite" or "in front of". Since the form that we have here doesn't really occur anywhere else, people generally translate it by combining the three individual parts that make up this word. Normally that's not a very wise thing to do because the meaning doesn't always correspond to its etymology (e.g. butterfly is not a combination of a fly and butter). In this case there isn't really another option. Literally it would mean, "according to what is in front of him" or something like that. Obviously we can't translate it like that because that doesn't really mean anything in English. I think a more idiomatic translation in English would be "someone who could be on his same level". That's something that makes a lot of sense in this context. God paraded the animals in front of Adam and there was obviously no animal that could be on the same level as him to be his partner - they all had partners but he didn't. Then God created someone who could be on the same level as him, someone who was actually the same species as him. Let me know if you have any questions or need something clarified. I might do a video on this in the future when time allows.
@Dmicroluv
@Dmicroluv 5 лет назад
@@markstevenfrancois thank you, but in meanwhile I found the same answer for myself.
@ritavaags
@ritavaags 2 года назад
Would verses proverbs 24:5, proverbs 31:17 and proverbs 31:25 be considered abstract examples of “ezer” being used in relation to people?
@markstevenfrancois
@markstevenfrancois 2 года назад
Hi Rita. Let's deal with these one at a time. (1) Proverbs 24:5. The word ezer doesn't actually appear in Proverbs 24:5. In fact, the word ezer doesn't show up anywhere in this chapter. The word that is used in Proverbs 24:5 is כֹח, which means strength. (2) Proverbs 31:17. The word ezer also doesn't show up in Proverbs 31:17 or in the entire chapter. The word that is used in Proverbs 31:17 is עֹז, which also means strength. (3) Proverbs 31:25. Once again, the word ezer doesn't appear in this verse or in the entire chapter. The word that is used here is עֹז, just like in Proverbs 31:17. In both cases, the word means "strength".
@helcium_nz
@helcium_nz 5 лет назад
I didn't understand the part where you say that those passages would be expected to have archaic language, isn't Genesis also a book we would expect to find archaic language?
@markstevenfrancois
@markstevenfrancois 5 лет назад
That's a good question. I think naturally we would expect the book of Genesis to have a lot of archaic language given the time period of the stories that are told in the book of Genesis. However, the kind of Hebrew that's used in the prose (i.e. non-poetic) sections of the book of Genesis is basically the same kind of prose that you would find in any other book of the Old Testament apart from books that were written in the post-exilic period. Archaic language, both in Hebrew and other languages, tends to be found in poetry since poetry, in many cases, has the tendency to preserve features of the language that would typically sound very old compared to modern-day speech. You can see this in some Christian songs that still use "thees" and "thous" even though those words are not used in everyday speech. Some of the oldest sounding poetry in the Bible is found in Genesis 49, Exodus 15, Deuteronomy 33, and Judges 5. For the purpose of this discussion, the feature that stands out the most in these poems is the use of rare vocabulary items. Part of this could be due to dialect and the fact that poetry often strives to express things in more than one way (leading people to use words they normally wouldn't use) but it's likely due to the fact that these passages preserve archaic vocabulary just like they preserve other archaic features of the language. It's passages like these where Ugaritic has the most potential to help since these rare vocabulary items are sometimes also found in Ugaritic, though with much greater frequency, which helps us to determine their meaning better. Coming back to the video, if the meaning of a word or form in Hebrew has the potential to have been forgotten over the centuries and misunderstood by later generations, it would most likely be in these poems that preserve archaic language, not in straightforward prose passages that are written in standard Biblical Hebrew. So, if ezer 2 (might, strength) actually did exist and fell out of usage, which was Miller's point, it would in all probability be found in passages that contain archaic language - later generations would read it and assume that it meant the same thing as the word ezer meant in their own day. It's like the word "suffer" in English, which used to mean "to permit". Many English speakers would assume that it means something like "to experience pain" but if it's found in a setting where you would expect to find archaic language (e.g. the King James Version of the Bible, a writer from the 1600s, or a movie set in the 1600s) and the context allows it then you would expect it to mean "to permit". Saying that ezer in Genesis 2 is actually ezer 2 (might, strength) when it's found in a straightforward prose passage in standard Biblical Hebrew like this passage would be like saying that the word "suffer" means "to permit" in a modern newspaper article - a modern newspaper article is not the place where you would expect it to have that meaning. Make sense? Now the issue of why the prose of Genesis 2 sounds like the prose that's used in other books of the Old Testament (apart from the consonants of 3msg pronouns being used for 3fsg pronouns) is another issue. Hope that helps.
@helcium_nz
@helcium_nz 5 лет назад
@@markstevenfrancois yes, it does make sense. Thanks for the answer and please bring us more interesting videos such as this. I'm from Brazil and I wouldn't find too many sources of information about biblical languages if it was not by RU-vid channels just like yours. Thx.
@empress2423
@empress2423 5 лет назад
@@helcium_nz Nope , is just assuming and it does not make sense, for the simple reason that, what need to be exterminated, is the 1 meaning of the whole expression, Ezer Kenegdo עזר כנגדו comprised of 2 words, which separately, may have other meanings, which are irrelevant while trying to understand the meaning of the whole expression. The KENEGDO word is what defines, what Ezer means and the meaning of the expression, is an equal power /strength, which balance the other power
@staciz325
@staciz325 2 года назад
Do you have a video describing kenegdo?
@markstevenfrancois
@markstevenfrancois 2 года назад
Unfortunately, I don't have one up yet. Maybe at some point in the future.
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