Fascism and Mussolini | The 20th century | World history | Khan Academy 

wow no scary backround music and bias propaganda, thank you

Very unbiased and surprisingly accurate explanation. Thank you!

This is one of the most accurate accounts and explanations that I have come across so I want to give you kudos there. However, it is important to note that Mussolini wasn't a fan of Hitler's because he detested Hitler's Jewish racism and racism in general. Fascism had no intrinsic connection with Anti-Semitism in the way that national socialists did. Italy was more about Italians as a country coming together under fascism and having all the people being united under the Italian flag. Just like the way that you described when you gave us the actual meaning of what Fascism is. At first Mussolini didn't think like this because of his strong socialist ties, but he was convinced that nationalism wasn't a bad thing when people united together for a good cause to defeat enemies trying to destroy their county. Whereas the whole premise of National Socialism or Nazism was about getting rid of the Jews because they were responsible for all of Germany's ills and economical decay. The Jews were nothing other than the scapegoats and were blamed for being greedy using corrupt capitalism to get ahead. Many people don't realize that Mussolini had many close Jewish friends within the socialist party along with having a Jewish mistress. To Mussolini it was the connection and the love for country that brought the people together through nationalism. And for Hitler what brought the country together was the hatred of the Jews. To Mussolini's dissatisfaction he had to allow Anti- Semitism to be allowed after a period of time because he realized that Hitler would not accept anything less from an ally. But it was begrudgingly.

Economically there not right-wing, there third position. But socially they share many ideas with the right, mainly nationalism, conservatism and a general dislike of socialism, the welfare state, immigration and liberalism.

So if the nazis had won, in the end, we would've seen a germany vs italy boss fight

thank you so much for this video, its very simple, but it helped me understand the topic so much better (:

omg khanacademy i'm trying to entertain myself stop posting interesting educational videos cant keep away :( so good

"A bundle of things will be stronger together than individually"

Thank you for a well presented video.

I believe the fasces represented the power of Roman officials to punish (the beating with rods) and execute (the axe). They were carried by representatives of Roman consuls and dictators who would care out those duties.

Finally, a Khan Academy video I watch without being forced to

Thanks a lot khan Academy 😊😊

Thank u so muuuuch!

At the start "d'azione" is the contracted form of "di azione" which means "of action" so it could be called "the group of rivolutionary action"

I miss him so much bros

Hi there,Very didatic video, good job. I suggest you put the historical moment of the facts. Will be more clear to understand. overall good job.thumbs up

Thank you.

our world is big and sufficient for everyones needs but dwarfs compared to human greed, even when we finally conquered this world and its entirety, at that very second, greed is born once again and far more destructive than the previous one...

you are so cool, and congrats for years of hard-working

Really annoys me when people refer to Fascism as far right when in reality it goes against most if not all beliefs found on the right

Hi Mr. Khan, thank you for all the good work you do. Would you please do a video about Helena Petrovna Blavatsky and the occult's influence on fascist ideology throughout history? Hitler kept a copy of Blavatsky's "The Secret Doctrine" on his night stand and her racial theories were a cornerstone of Nazi and American eugenics. A good book about this is "The Occult Roots of Nazism" by Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke. Thank you!

very sober analysis! great job!

Great video but I disagree about fascism neither being left or right. I think you're getting fascism confused with collective anarchy

Good research...

I like these Videos! Keep em' up!

Well said.

You're a great teacher. Thank you for all your videos.

This is Mussolini's version of facisism. The physosophy was laid by Giovanni Gentile, is not exactly the same

Fascism is/was opposed to capitalism. Mussolini called it the Third Way.

Pretty fair examination

Wait 5:19 can be interpreted in two ways 1)that the wealth of the nation is there for the government to use or 2) wealth obtain through trade is there to improve the lives of everyone in the nation. So which one was it?

Alaka zabardast explanation dy dera manana kuma

I was at my friend's place last night and he brang a Scandalli Accordion which suppose to be Mussolinis' . And I was wondering if it could have any value?

Absolutely!

2:27 i don't know if i might be right or wrong bbut as far as the books i've read on the topic the sole purpose of the actionaries who wanted Italy to intervene in the war was regarding the fact that the war , would tire out both soldiers and workers and hopefully bring to a socialist revolution in italy , that was mussolini's thought for that matter when he was in the socialist party

So nice to hear someone make the distinction that fascism is not left or right wing. The actual core tenets are forcible silence of opposition and regimentation of society.

misgana Khan for expounding on this topic; it's the other half of the story that historians have nel

- "I do not admit that great injustice was performed with respect to the Red Indians of America or black Aboriginal Australia" - said one well-known figure of Europe. And explained, "I do not admit that injustice was performed with respect to these people because stronger race, "I do not recognize that the great injustice was committed against the red Indians of America or the black aborigines of Australia," said one prominent European figure. And he explained: "I do not recognize that injustice was committed against these people because a stronger race, a cleaner race, a more wise race ... came and took their place." End quote. Do you know who said that? - Hitler? - No. Churchill. Hitler had a good education with the English, only now he let them down at the last minute, for which they were angry with him.

One has yo explore the Italian Sociologist Gaetano Mosca and also the origins of French fascism !

DUDE, I had an exam on this a week ago today! Why couldn't you have posted it then? :'(

With all respect, I think you make an error in your interpretation of right vs left, which is probably influenced by the US political experience. Right does not stand for free market, in fact free market originally was a leftist concept. Basically Fascism is on the right extreme and Liberalism in the left, of which Classical Liberalism is more center and Socialism on the left extreme. Socialism, originally, was a radical form of Liberalism which gradually became authoritarian, but was initially libertarian. The way to understand left vs right is to think of the political situation after the French Revolution. Where the conservatives were sitting on the seats on the right side and the progressives on the seats on the left side within the Assemblee General, which was the first democratic government of France. Conservative meant being lenient to the 'ancien regime', which meant: authoritarian, clerical, statist, controlled economy, where nobility had the power, while the progressives wanted to liberate, overturn tradition and give voice to the bourgeoisie, who wanted a market free from interference like taxes etc: the citizens, tradesmen etc.. The reason why the left became authoritarian is obviously because it is in people's nature to want power, and they leaned on governance to realize their ideological ideals, so they are basically the corrupted form of their utopian libertarian selves of the 19th century,

Thank.you

That's quite an impressive photo of Mussolini. I'm shocked I've not seen it before. Does it make the rounds common ?

God, this comment section is weird

The attempt to associate political ideology with "government size" is somewhat ignorant. Like the original fascists, right-wingers wanted a strong government to enforce law and order , protect private property , crush labor unrest , and maintain the social and economic hierarchy and protect the nation against socialist and communist uprisings. Many on the right-wing in Italy and Germany wanted to overthrow the liberal order , destroy democracy and reinstall monarchy or some type of authoritarian government. Fascists always collaborate with establishment right-wing conservatives to overthrow democracy and set up an authoritarian state when a left-wing takeover seems eminent. A good book on this is Martin Blinkhorn's "Fascists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth Century Europe".

The whole reason why Mussolini and his fascist ideology was "anti-socialist" was because he was directly competing against the socialists (Communists) for political control. What this video does not tell you is that Mussolini was raised and indoctrinated in Marxism and embraced it by working with multiple socialist propaganda newspapers. The ONLY reason why the fascist political party was "anti-socialist" was because it was simply politically expedient to do so since Mussolini was kicked out of his newspaper job. Furthermore, Communist states do in fact take direct control over the economy (see every communist nation that has ever existed). Therefore, Fascism, whether you like it or not, lies directly next to Communism on the left of the political spectrum.

“Without God all things are permitted.” ― Fyodor Dostoyevsky

were would that be?

When

Do you have your sources for the content?

0:53 interesting... what's another word for a bundle of sticks?

Storm Troopers...;)

Okay,pendekkan... Leaders selalunya nak dengar cepat tangkas dan tepat. Wrap it up,pack it up...

its creepy but amazing. Khan Academy seems to follow my lesson plan at school (of course i know they don't really), whenever we start learning about something Khan uploads a video about it, its awesome

I'm watching this cos I have a history exam in like 2 days

Ulysses The Wasteland Mrs Dalloway was 1932

I learned the term fascism is related to the idea that a bundle is much more stronger than a single stick alone. So fascism means group or unity. You can easily break a single stick but it is almost impossible to break a big bundle of sticks hardly tied together.

You are wrong about Mussolini’s motive for expansion and conquest. He did not mount campaigns in Africa because he thought Italians were racially superior but to secure economical advantages. Having colonies to tax was a “business move” to refurbish the country’s coffers, depleted by an indifferent and incompetent king, and modeled after the English empire which, at the time, still had many colonies and influence through the world. But Mussolini’s foreign campaigns were not enthusiastically embraced by the people, they had to be “sold” to them through a systematic nationalistic propaganda that evoked the greatness and power of Ancient Rome, Mussolini in fact named his government “The Fourth Republic.” Italy also needed a kind of second “renaissance” after years of mistreatment form European neighbors, particularly France and England who “stiffed” her during WWI peace accords with defeated Germany. The idea of racial superiority was not Mussolini’s but eventually he went along with it because of his allegiance with Hitler. It is important to note, when attempting to make sense of the reasons how Nazism and Fascism took hold in Europe, the political and socio-economic situation of the time in each country and what motivated people to go along. In Italy’s case only 50 years prior to Mussolini’s rise, the forced unification of the country, by the Savoia crown that pillaged and robbed the south of all its wealth, plunged the nation in to great economical disparity and discontent. That, and an obstinate monarchy that refused to modernize and give concessions, gave way for communist ideology to take hold and spread like wildfire. “Reazionari” communist began to create havoc with continued strikes and violent revolts, but the king was too afraid and too incompetent to know how to handle the situation leaving room for other groups to organize and seize his power.

What is strength? Diversity or unity?

I think you identified small government with the right, and of course the libertarians are over on that side. Just a small point: Small or non-existent government advocacy has also got a strong presence on the left in anarchism or anarcho-syndicalism. The belief, and there s a great deal to be said for this, is that government’s role by and large has been to protect the powerful.

Fascism actually started with Emperor Constantine of the Roman Empire

Hi

For a long time i thought fascism was all about fashion 😂

I agree, for example in Britain the BNP achieve most success in Labour constituency as it comes from the same logic of wanting government to socially engineer society in their own vision.

like Mussolini, IM A CULT OF PERSONALITY!

Based ideology

Fasicism is a complex ideology .Facism is Authoritarian and promotes nationalism at all cost , Fasicsm is commonly associated with German Nazi and Italian regime that came after world war 1 Benito Mussolini in Italy , and Francisco Fanco in Spain and Juan Paron in Argentina were well known facist leader in the 20 th centuary Fasicism is a form of political practice distinctive to the 20th centuary Fasict movement are perhaps of little consequences now . It promises almost everything from extreme radicalism in 1919 to extreme conservatism in 1922 Fasicm is definetly revolutionary and dynamic .. Fasicm require some basic allegiancies such as to the nation national grandeur and to the master race or group and Fascist aim to use the country asset to increae the county strength ,the economic of fascism are complicated Fasicm is a extreme nationalism in neither Right Nor Left are to broad to be useful Fasicm can be difficult to define all fasict movements share some core belief and actions

But, if everything is for the state, and your individual rights subordinate to the government or state, and the state is the organism controlling its citizen's wealth (I imagine towards a greater military force)... Isn't that a closer definition of communism rather than capitalism or free-market?

There were a few things I disagreed with in this video, but one in particular. Extreme right is anarchy, or no government, not free market/small government. The US was built on the idea of limited representative government (people's law), which I consider to be somewhere close to the middle between anarchy (no law) and tyranny (ruler's law). See the 5000 Year Leap, chapter 1 or the textbook "The Making of America" by Cleon Skousen.

NO IT'S WORKING JUST FINE

It just depends on how you view the left right spectrum. If you think it's values of government then it's on the left, but if you think it's how resources are distributed, then it's on the right. Get it? I just hope it helps clear things up and allows you to see views from the other side :D

Corporatism is the economic policy

You’re welcome guys.

A video with one image up the entire time is not a video.

This idea of "right-wing" as being about absolute free market and minimal or no government is ahistorical. Conservatives during the time of the enlightenment were pro-aristocracy, pro-monarchy, pro-tax(which went to the aforementioned) and opposed the liberals, who were all about laissez faire trade and minimal taxation. Right-wing politics is generally about maintaining existing hierarchies or, in the case of fascism, establishing a new one when the old one seems to be weak. Fascism is on the far right wing because it is absolutist in its hierarchical nature.

Interestingly, this rather simple concept, along with the impact it had on the world in the 20th Century, is generally ignored in American public schools. Anyone wondering why that is?

As bad as mussolini was he was a saint compare to the monsters like Joseph Stalin and Hitler and mao pol pot and Castro

Hitler never called italians a mongrol race. Hitler liked italians and admired italian renaissance art as well as ancient rome.

Thank you so much. I hate the bais. I want to actually learn without an opinion effecting the content or perspective at which we view the content.

4:22 should be Anarchism

My family fled Italy and Mussolini. They came to the USA with nothing and lived in poverty but they worked hard, saved hard, and started their own businesses, and are the product of the American dream. Let us never forget Democracy and the Constitution is to be protected and cherished at all costs.

Fascism is used to describe ccp or communism.

हर देश के लोगों की एक आंतरिक खासियत होती हैं। और जब संकट या दबाव आता हैं वह अपनी भूमिका दिखाती हैं। 1914के विश़्व युद़्ध में इटली पहले ट्रिपल एंलाईस में था पर जैसे ही युद़्ध आरंभ हुआ वह ट्रिपल एंता में चला गया जिससे वर्साय की संधि में उसे ना के बराबर भागीदारी मिली। यानि दोगला!

At the big statue of Lincoln in D.C., the tyrant rest his hands of fasces (the bumble of stick symbol of fascism). In fact, fasces are omnipresent in the US iconography.

im hans

What he described fascism as is literally state socialism, does he not realize that??

Also important parts of fascist ideology were extreme anti-egalitarianism (of a physical Darwinist sense), social conservatism and a cult of racial hygiene through the elimination of degenerency.

"I do disagree with what you labeled the extreme left and right..." Do you guys have political science sources? Political scientists don't define the left-right line in terms of "economic freedom," they define more in terms of power and other interests (as shown below). (And by the definition below, the gold standard is highly reactionary!). So it does make some sense, but if you want a distorted version of political science, the left-right line, I'm sure you could find it.

Ciao giovannino

Is that bald guy Einstein on the right side?

don't forget one thing who went to war on the side of the Germans and Italians, not Mussolini and Hitler but the people ... the same one who waved the flag to Mussolini was later hanged and the same "poor Germans" who lived in East Germany were supported Hitler

This is an oversimplification of fascism.

AMAZING HOW SOME PEOPLE CAN BE VERY ADVANCED IN SOME AREAS LIKE CLOTHES OR COMPUTERS BUT HAVE AN MSNBC CONSCIOUSNESS ABOUT THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT.

It's only an idea and fascist are dilisional

So the term fascism essentially means "strength in unity"

Your understanding of communism makes me think you don't know what you're talking about, I believe you're mistaking the historical record of what countries tried to achieve communism with the actual belief and political theory of communism. while you may be a great history teacher I think your perspective is limited i would encourage you to look into both communism(to learn it) and fascism (to eliminate it).

00:44

The fascist symbol can be seem clearly displayed in the US Congress!

Slight correction: Left Wing and Right Wing is a reference to the Left-Right Political Spectrum, not the political compass, with Left Wing being Democratic, and Right Wing being Aristocratic. It's a spectrum of where power lies. Fascism is purely Aristocratic, therefore it is known as "Right Wing".

Not a bad video but he has one big error in it. He says that the fascists align themselves with free market people which is completely wrong. He says himself in the video that fascism is for complete control by the state over the economy. That's the opposite of free market. Fascism is very close to the other forms of Marxism which want complete State control over the economy. Fascism branched off of socialism because it is a form of socialism. Vladimir Lenin said that the goal of socialism is communism. History showed that socialism and communism eventually lead to fascism like we see in China today.