Fear and Lathing in The Scientific Revolution 

You're not getting that many views right now, but I'm dropping links everywhere I can for your channel. Your content is fantastic, I'm amazed that it's free and you have no idea how much I appreciate that. Sharing knowledge and history like this is important and it's good that someone is doing this work. I'm watching every video you put out and I've enjoyed each and every one of them. I'm posting these videos on all the machinery related subreddits.

The Bruno statue has such a powerful message.

I would like to add that Léon Foucault is the father of modern telescope as he was the first to make metal deposition on glass (it was chemical déposition of silver) and designed the first efficient telescope for modern astronomy. The last big telescope he designed was the 1.2 meter telescope for the Paris Observatory and it's still working in the Haute Provence Observatory.

Holy cow! This is easily one of the best RU-vid channels, my 6 Y/o daughter showed me your channel when I asked her why she was listening to physics at her age! Keep these videos coming we love them!

I really like how your analysis takes into account what the socio political situation of the Catholic church was during Galileo's time. For some reason, that part of the story usually goes with some Church bashing, but you went with a deeper political insight instead. Strong kudos for this, esp. since this is an engineering channel. But about Copernicus' discovery, he wasn't really the first to come up with heliocentrism. Even in ancient greece some had the idea. So if the church hadn't slacked their homework, they wouldn't have needed another 200 years to finish it :)

Your channel is going to be huge.

I mean just the title makes the video worth it

between you, Clickspring, Steampowered machine shop, Mike the Model T rebuilder of Tulsa, and wikipedia, I will never breathe fresh air again.

Hold up, a foot actuated refrigerator opener? Why isn't that a thing now?

15:19 "...Any medicines you need are avaiable." **Pharmaceutical Corporation has entered the chat**

Extremely informative and interesting. One of my favorite RU-vid content creators. Thanks for enriching this rainy day.

I am so damn happy you continued with your channel. It’s my favorite as I work with some of the machines you speak of. I remember finding your channel years ago and I watched all your videos you had up at the time. I’m happy YT put you in my feed again. Also good to see so many other people love it.

Excellent! Love your videos. I was introduced to Foucault as a teenager when I built a Foucault tester for telescope mirrors. It amazed me (and still does 50 years later) that a simple apparatus could be used to measure the surface accuracy of a mirror to millionths of an inch using light.

Bruno was not prosecuted for his Copernician view. he had many other heresies, couldn't handle authority, and was quite arrogant and boastful. very sad that he died but he wasn't a martyr for science.

Thank you for your work, this is one of the best youtube channels I've found to date.

Our human history of science aught to be taught in 3rd grade as a beginning point. Your critical thinking on this history is very important and to the point. How refreshing.

Your videos are absolutely top notch. I love them. But I was a rabid fan of James Burke's Connections back in the day. Sadly, the people who really need to watch that series, and your excellent content... won't.

The only Foucault pendulum we have personally seen was at Griffith Park in Los Angeles. Because of its slow progress as it works its way across the movement of the Earth, one could easily surmise "What's all the fuss about, the big ball only swings back and forth", yet in that beautiful simple experiment was disproved so much that wasn't accepted simply because "It can't be so." Thanks for the video.

My new favorite RU-vid channel. I have worked as a machinist, also as a mechanical engineer, and my hobby is fixing mechanical and electrical machines. Your videos are very interesting and well researched. Great voice and speaking too. Thanks for all your hard work

I just recently discovered your channel, another youtuber (forgot, sorry) mentioned your channel and now I am subscribed. Thank you for the great content, the quality and care put in your videos is greatly appreciated.

Most elegant and sophisticated video I've ever seen on RU-vid especially coming from a wood channel!!

Love your videos, great knowledge bomb on a friday night. Thanks!!

I just discovered your channel an hour ago. Absolutely brilliant!! Looks like I'll be up all night binging. Great content, great production. Keep up the good work! I grew up loving the pendulum at the Smithsonian which, sadly, no longer swings. This video helps redress that regretful loss.

Holy crap man, how have I not found your channel until now?! Your presentation is amazing and I love the connections you make to history with all this. I'm a big fan of science and technology style videos but the way you wrap it all up in it's history makes it real in a sense that I'm still having my mind blown about lol. Thanks for your work man, this is great!

Hey Machine Thinking! Thanks for helping to tip the internet scales in the good direction! Whether the sharing of information experiment that is commonly called the internet turns out to be good or bad for the human race depends on the weight of good info vs bad info. So far as I can see I believe the good is slowly outpacing it's opponent.

I saw a clever way to keep a Foucault pendulum going: with an electromagnet on the ground at the center, that way they add energy without influencing the oscillation plane. And it ties in to PLLs.

Amazingly done videos, so fascinating, extremely well produced and narrated!

I love your work/channel! Finally someone else who speaks machine! Keep it up!

Got some notions to pick over about Copernicus' revision. When Ptolemy finished with his astronomical work with epicycles and equants, the calculations could be used to compute even Mars' orbit (the oddest of the planet orbits) to within a gnat's hair, excepting only the retro-motion nodes, as close as the eye could see. When the instruments that assisted the eye got better, it was found that adding epi-circles upon the epi-circles could adjust to every discrepancy. When Copernicus exchanged the sun and the Earth, none of that changed - the orbits under Copernicus were still circles and the epi-circles were still required to match reality. Johannes Kepler managed to eliminate both epicycles and the discrepancies at the nodes by throwing out the circle and using the ellipse instead. Copernicus' math was easier than Ptolemy's (at least to our modern notation and sensibilities) but was no more accurate. Astronomers continued using Ptolemy's until Kepler. You can, using a series of epi-circles, draw any imaginable orbit. You get more accuracy by using more epi-circles. There are YT videos that tell you how to design a series that will draw any cartoon you care to explore; Homer Simpson seems to be the one of choice.

Excellent and informative.

Finding you channel is one of my best accomplishments this year so far

I love the title of this video, man. When the going gets weird, the weird turn pro. Subscribed.

I’ve met girls who operate on geocentrizm.

Oftentimes Truth is more nuanced and complex than we want it to be to fit an elegant narrative. While it fits the narrative to make the Catholic church the superstitious villains in the story, they actually had their reasons for not embracing heliocentrism that had little to do with Bible verses. At the time the Catholic church had some of the best scientists around who said that if the Earth moved then the stars should shift positions - just like things appear to move when you close your right eye and then your left eye - but the best telescopes of the time were not seeing that because at the time they did not know how ridiculously far away the stars were. So one of the main reasons the Catholic church rejected the heliocentric model was because the theory did not match the best scientific measurements available - they were not seeing parallax of the stars.

I just stumbled on your Channel via this old Tony and some machinery channels. You have one of the best RU-vid channels I've ever seen. Fascinating content.

Your videos should go on national tv and should be shown in schools. Excellent work.

Great Video. Very informative. Those who follow the current trend of Flat Earthers should be required to watch this.

Bruno was executed because, even though he was a priest/friar, he denied the divinity of jesus. That marked him as a heretic regardless of whatever scientific beliefs he had. Galileo was given permission by his good friend, Maffeo Barberini / Pope Urban VIII, to write his book on the Copernican system as long as he followed the previous instructions of the head of the Inquisition in Italy, Roberto Bellarmini. Bellarmini had told Galileo that he could write a learned treatise on the mathematic and hypothetical motions of the Copernican theory. Galileo did not write it in Latin or in a learned manner. Worse while asking Ope Urban for permission , the Pope responded and was quoted by hi secretary as saying, "If God had wanted to put the Sun at the center of the Universe he could have. If God had wanted to put the Earth at the center of the Universe he could have. It's all the same to him." Galileo then had Simplicio (literally, Simpleton) repeat those same words in the book. Galileo had a great ability to argue for the right scientific concepts and the same ability to argue for incorrect ones (he believed that the moon did not influence the tides and that comets were atmospheric disturbances). Unfortunately, he insulted anyone who disagreed with him. Insulting Jesuits scholars was one of his greatest mistakes. They could have come to his aid when he needed help. At least he had the Medicis and their money helping out. It was through them that he got house arrest in his very nice villa with a servant, instead of jail. I'm not Catholic by the way.

You're channel is amazing! Thank you for sharing this knowledge

Wow! This is the greatest video, in terms of human history, i have seen in a long time. Thank you for posting it!

The church did not argue that this was not biblical or contradicted the bible but that it contradicted what Aristotle thought about the solar system, whom the church thought was right.it had nothing to do with the bible. This is a good example of Marx's re writing history.

all-around excellent , where have you been all these years ? Foucault's pendulum that captured my imagination was at Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles , all these years I have been trying to figure out how is it mounted to the ceiling thinking that it is some sort of a rotating plate or ball bearing or something did not know that all what you need is a cable , when of my earliest scientific memorys is spending time looking at the water faucet in the garden as one drop drops down then a whole bunch of drops gather together after the first drop than all the drops drop at once , I was mesmerized by it . it is kind of interesting that we go through life without realizing how much science and scientific principle we utilize in our daily activities without even noticing .

Cont...that strained out the interesting parts that you add back in. When I view your presentation I feel the child-like wonder of the full story , and without a story, appreciation will be difficult, old or young. Thx.

These videos are incredible! Good work, Mr. Machine :)

Wasn’t long ago we had to unplug the TV so lightning didn’t strike it.

The first Vatican apology should have gone to Archimedes for the destruction of his codex. We would have gotten here over 1,500 years earlier had his works not been destroyed.

Well done and great title. This reminds me of the programs made by James Burke for the BBC in the 1980's, The Day the Universe Changed, and Connections. Your work on this and other videos is impressive.

Keep it up, I love the content and the professionalism you have

You rock. Society is better off with your videos, we all need to share your work.

Galileo was not punished for heliocentrism but for drawing theological conclusions from heliocentrism

Found you a few days ago and I can say I'm hooked. Well done.

Another absolutely first class presentation. About the best retelling of the heliocentric discovery and eventual acceptance I have ever watched. Awesome!!!

If you update this video, add "peer review" as one of the pillars of the scientific revolution.

So did pendulums become a meme in 1851?

Really solid video! I'm enjoying your perspective on the history of science and engineering. Thanks!

Amazing video and story telling. Reminds me of an old British series called “Connections”. I hope that some day soon you get to do a series for public television. You obviously have the ability. Thank you for enlightening me. I finally have a grasp as to the importance of the pendulum that swings in so many science museums and observatories. Thank you!

Another awesome video. Every flat Earther should see this.

Where do things like the Antikythera Mechanism fit in to these "discoveries" it seems that the Greeks had the knowledge around 70B.C even to the point of the moon being on an elliptical orbit. There is also evidence that the Arabic scholars also had a vast understanding of the solar system. I understand that this video is how the "discovery" came about in Europe and demonstrated a way to prove it to the general public. Great video, love the content.

Brilliant; educational , informative and well put together. Ive just discovered you but not for the last time

In the 1960'sd I worked as a student assistant for the physics department at the University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. One of my first responsibilities was to create the electromagnet drive for the Foucault pendulum in the then new Science Building. Our pendulum was driven at the top rather than from below, using a large drill chuck for the iron mass and a Helmholtz coil for adding a small amount of energy to replace what was lost through air friction.

Foucault also made a 1 million power optical microscope. It is specialized and shows irregularities on a telescope mirror as bumps. The irregularities' height appear to be a mm to about 5 mm above a flat surface. When the surface appears perfectly flat it is perfectly spherical. From that, using jeweler's rouge only the mirror is polished more in the center till it shows the perfect donut shape which means it is a parabola. Parabolic mirrors were made before that time but they were made by polishing the mirror to spherical (you guess) and then deepening it to parabolic (you guess). William Herschel not only made them for himself but for export. They were made of "speculum" alloy, sometimes called bronze. But bronze is copper hardened with a bit of tin and these were tin hardened with a bit of copper. One unsold Herschel mirror was taken from its sealed can (against corrosion) and given the Foucault test. It was a bit too deep for parabolic so it was a bit hyperbolic. But it was real good for a workmanlike guess. I made a 3" telescope mirror from ordinary glass (and abrasive powders from a jeweler) in my basement and made the Foucault test. It was most amazing to see it, knowing how much the magnification was. Besides the mirror itself all that is needed is a pinhole source of light (preferably monochromatic) and a razor blade.

... and there are those that believe the earth is flat and square supported by 4 elephants.

Love the vids! I remember when scientific history was a part of the curriculum in the UK. Now the Industrial revolution is only touched upon and the main focus is on the two world wars. It shows that the times have shifted to a point where most graduates have little knowledge of the Scientific Revolution or the Art and philosophical revolutions yet, the seem so geared up to start their own!

This is my favorite video ever and I almost passed it up. After watching it I felt the title was perfect, but before I watched it I thought maybe it was a typo and you meant to say ‘loathing’. How sad that a perfect title can be so imperfect for youtube. RU-vid should give awards to videos like this and make them more accessible.

this should be a good reminder to young generations who think nothing existed before mobile phones .... thank you !

Hey! That fear and loathing isn't unlike CNN during our US election season, right?! (LOL!)

Thank you for a wonderful episode, rather enjoyable.

I got in trouble when I swung my big pendulum in public.

Copernicus studied the work of Arab astronomers before he came to the conclusion that our planetary system is heliocentric. However with this theory astronomers could still not reconcile star tables, until Kepler discovered that planets orbit in an eclipse - not a circle. This fitted the mathematical models and star tables perfectly, and today we still use Kepler's three laws of planetary motion to launch satellites or space travel.

if you keep making content like this your channel is destined to explode in popularity even more

Thank you for your videos. They help me to appreciate that we live in a world of wonders and benefit from the hard work and ingenuity of quite a few remarkable people. You also discussed the role of the church in a nuanced way doing the times in which these exciting developments happened justice.

5:31 "Clearly says, in many places, that the earth is the centre of everything" I dont see anything about being the center of everything, not only this, but as an engineer, I know there are multiple meanings to the word "center" depending on its context. In addition, during the middle ages there was a lot of religious malpractice, so the contradiction, as you failed to find, wasn't on the Bible, but rather on the religious officials who claimed to have been "appointed by God", which is not explicitly stated in the Bible. Those religious officials also claimed that sins would be forgiven if you pay sacraments to the church. Its like if I were to say "I was appointed by God to write this comment." More like everything happens for a reason, which is according to God's plan. Perhaps this is a better interpretation.

It seems to me that science rides on the coattails of technology. I'm very skeptical that the scientific method or one's epistemology is as crucial to the development of technology as is stated by this video and so many others. Aristotle, Archimedes, and various Greeks were able to discover useful mathematics, technology, and science without going through any formal scientific method. So many technologies are based on superficially understood phenomena that science comes in and explains after the fact. That's why I find that science is too self congratulatory.

One of the best videos I´v ever seen. Mind blowing.

I love this video and this whole channel. Got to see the Vaucanson lathe AND the Foucault pendulum this past summer!

Those scriptures are metaphors describing the steadfastness of nature as prescribed by God. Not that the Earth physically sits on a pedestal. You telling me someone took them literally?

Sadly, I believe we have come to an age of "stupid" for the last 30 years. I drive classic cars, and see machines of yesterday and today... And look around the youth of today with sadness.

Thank you for this wonderful video. Thank you for your concise explanations of processes and the history of everything, really. Everything stems from precise engineering. Everything.

BRILLIANT as always...Thanks

What a boring regurgitation of establishment propaganda.

I grew up in Chicago, and visiting the Museum of Science and Industry, where I believe an exact or close to duplicate was always swinging for the nine years I lived there. It was an incredibly brilliant, and yet simple evidence that never stops. Thanks, never knew how to pronounce his name. Great video, never ceases to steal my attention.

Thank you MT to sharing your knowledge.

Love your videos. Learned more and actually understand it, better than school.

Loving these videos.

A very good presentation. Highly interesting. You bring to light many points that are not universally known by the common man. I will look in on future videos.

This is my new favorite channel!

Thank you for your amazing videos. All of them.

found this channel today and watched almost every video.

Your videos are absolutely great. You should make more, split them into 10 minutes a piece and space out the release. Also, I would have signed up if you had patreon, and some collabs with history channels would be great too. This channel would blow up I think.

Wicked video mate! Nice one. You feel science like I do. Might I suggest a story format video like this one but of Fred Hoyle, his stellar synthesis triumph along with his steady state ideas, his naming of the big bang (and why he named it such) and you could end with the absolutely shattering (to me anyway) that we are all made from the ash of long dead stars! I feel that your research - presentation skills, plus your obvious deep emotional feel for science, would do that story huge justice.

What a great channel. Kudos for doing what you’re doing. I’m your newest subscriber.

your work is invaluable

Absolutely loved this video. Too often, people don't see the advances in science through an art and history perspective. Especially the way we teach engineering students. Don't just teach mathematics but include art and history. I think the only way to fully appreciate our world today is to get that so important historical perspective and also, appreciate the positive impact of arts to make this world a better place. Love it. Let's celebrate the creative mind.

Your videos are awesome!

My new favorite RU-vid channel!

Excellent video, good work.

Good work on the video. I'm looking forward to seeing more from you. Also, My favorite Foucault pendulum is at the Buel Planetarium in Pittsburgh.

You should have more views, really liked it, keep it up

The Foucault pendulum I remember best is at the U.N. building in New York City. A pendulum always seems to fascinate me, grabs my attention along with something that flies. I'm really liking these videos. Thank you.

Just discovered this video. Brilliant. I intend to recommend it. From Baton Rouge USA