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The internal genital organs form a pathway (the genital tract). This pathway consists of the following:
Vagina (part of the birth canal), where sperm are deposited and from which a baby can emerge
Uterus, where an embryo can develop into a fetus
Fallopian tubes (oviducts), where a sperm can fertilize an egg
Ovaries, which produce and release eggs
Sperm can travel up the tract, and eggs down the tract.
The hymen, a mucous membrane, is located at the beginning of the genital tract, just inside the opening of the vagina (see figure External Female Genital Organs). In virgins, the hymen usually encircles the opening like a tight ring, but it may completely cover the opening. The hymen helps protect the genital tract but is not necessary for health. It may tear at the first attempt at sexual intercourse, or it may be so soft and pliable that no tearing occurs. The hymen may also be torn during exercise or insertion of a tampon or diaphragm. Tearing usually causes slight bleeding. In women who have had intercourse, the hymen may be unnoticeable or may form small tags of tissue around the vaginal opening.
The vagina is a tubelike, muscular but elastic organ about 4 to 5 inches long in an adult woman. It connects the external genital organs to the uterus. The vagina is the organ of sexual intercourse in women. The penis is inserted into it. It is the passageway for sperm to the egg and for menstrual bleeding or a baby to the outside.
The Vagina
Usually, there is no space inside the vagina unless it is stretched open-for example, during an examination, sexual intercourse, or childbirth. The lower third of the vagina is surrounded by elastic muscles that control the diameter of its opening. These muscles contract rhythmically and involuntarily during orgasm.
The vagina is lined with a mucous membrane, kept moist by fluids produced by cells on its surface and by secretions from glands in the cervix (the lower part of the uterus). A small amount of these fluids may pass to the outside as a clear or milky white vaginal discharge, which is normal. During a woman's reproductive years, the lining of the vagina has folds and wrinkles. Before puberty and after menopause, the lining is smooth.
Uterus and cervix
The uterus is a thick-walled, muscular, pear-shaped organ located in the middle of the pelvis, behind the bladder, and in front of the rectum. The uterus is anchored in position by several ligaments. The main function of the uterus is to sustain a developing fetus.
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15 сен 2024
