Flight Characteristics of the North American P-51 Mustang: How to Fly the P-51 Fighter

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This 1944 vintage World War 2 film covers all aspects of the theory & practice of P-51Mustang fighter flight operations, including takeoffs, landings, aerobatics, dive limits, and laminar wing airflow theory. Oscar nominee Lee J. Cobb plays Mustang designer "Dietz" in this detailed pilot training film. Often called the best all around piston engine fighter of World War 2, Chuck Yeager became an Ace in the '51. The Mustang's very high speed and all 'round qualities as a fighter coupled with extreme range for use as a bomber escort and interdicting fighter bomber were crucial factors when the 8th Air Force turned the tide of the Air War over Europe.
"One of all my favorite World War 2 aircraft with an all star cast!" Zeno, Zeno's Warbird Video Drive-In www.zenoswarbirdvideos.com Don't miss our P-51 DVD with five more videos & 130-page P-51D pilot's manual: bit.ly/fx59Jz Visit our aviation DVD store at www.zenosflightshop.com for the World's largest selection of World War 2 & vintage jet aircraft aviation videos.
We have 100s of films in our library. We have licensed footage to major TV networks and cable channels. For more info see / zenoswarbirds
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Опубликовано:

4 апр 2012

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Комментарии : 337

@ZenosWarbirds 11 лет назад

The narration is done by the immortal character actor Arthur Kennedy, who convincingly plays the P-51 pilot in the film. He appeared in several other WW2 aircraft training movies including "How to Fly the B-17," as well as many Hollywood classics including "Lawrence of Arabia." During his career (1940s -1970s), he was nominated for five Oscars!

@younggarde4797 Год назад

Has bloody brits engine. Why though?

@liquidlemon3335 7 месяцев назад

@younggarde4797 The mustang was a good plane with the Allison but it couldn't give it all the power it needed. Because of this the performance wasn't to good. Some British guy saw it and said,"Bloody hell, that's really good it can probobaly beat our spitfires!" In ww2 british engines where superior to any country. That is a fact. more hp more reliability. Anyway they slapped a merlin in it and it outperformed literally everything and was the fastest fighter around for a while. It took 3 years to get the american high command to listen the p-51 almost never became a thing.

@bronzydog7665 4 года назад

1:08 gotta love that 1940's humor. Thank you for preserving this piece of history.

@maximemergen5463 5 лет назад

designed built and flown in 180 days. damn, those good old days.

@thechester1952 11 лет назад

I'm always amazed at the beauty and power of the Mustang. The Spitfire is another. The sound of the Merlin engine is unmistakable.

@relathan1 4 года назад

Arthur Kennedy and Lee J Cobb without his rug. I love it!

@jgrokoest2419 8 лет назад

Bob Hoover's shows were narrated by my boss, Bob Kelley at North American Rockwell. My old boyfriend was a test pilot for the p-51's during the war. He talks about going out to the desert to shoot off the guns, etc. Once insisted on landing with one gear down because he refused to jump out of the plane. I have many photos of him flying. He had a flight school at Mines field when he was in early 20's too. Then went on to ferry RAF Lend Lease Bombers to Scotland. Oh the stories he could tell.

@Jbdunham Месяц назад

This always reminds me of my grandfather. He had all the training videos on VHS. This one was my favorite.

@robertdavis6708 10 лет назад

I"ll give England the nod they had the lead with aluminum, making their superchargers lighter in weight. But America redesigned the SC [dual stage] to make high altitude support the norm. God Bless those Mustang pilots for their efforts. Greatest generation ever to serve in the United States of America. Thank you for your services, Sir.

@ohger1 7 лет назад

And England's greatest generation was the same as ours. My dad was in the Third Armored Spearhead, and his admiration for the average Londoner was boundless. He said when an air raid siren went off a bunch of GIs ran for cover but most Londoners went about their business.

@rajkobjelica4905 2 года назад

British Merlin Engine.

@ZenosWarbirds 11 лет назад

As it says on my copyright notice, I copyright the digital restorations I do of these videos, not the original films. You should be glad I take the time to do this.You can watching it for free. Chill out.

@Scrappycat1966 10 лет назад

This series of WWII training video's is very informative, entertaining, and nostalgic. I saw one on the B-26 Invader also which was really neat. Nice uploads.... Thanks!!

@kurtbjorn 8 лет назад

At 24:10 "NOW WATCH THIS!" That phrase has ended more pilot lives than just about any other! Fortunately, this guy can fly. Just a bit of grim humor....

@fbcvxbnfgdgh 8 лет назад

Great production of this video considering its time, nothing short of a masterpiece!

@SabraStiehl 10 лет назад

What really made the P-51 was that after aircraft radios shrank in size there was room for an 85-gallon tank behind the pilot, which though it made the plane unstable until the fuel within was burned off gave the airplane greatly extended range, something like seven hours plus time aloft, or approximately 1600 NM round trip, depending on conditions. The under-wing tanks were made out of stiff paper, so it was no big expense to jettison them when empty. After the plane got 6 guns, the outer guns tended to jam when pulling Gs, but an in-theater fix solved that problem. The plane's only real weakness was that its engine was water-cooled, which meant that a lack of coolant led to an engine seizure and likely a bailout. Packard went out of business in the early '50s. They had manufactured high-end automobiles in competition with Cadillac and Lincoln.

@ericanderson5502 6 лет назад

These old training films are hilarious. They're so chipper and cheerful.

@ericanderson5502 6 лет назад

Very cool watching somebody thrash a plane that, today, is generally flown like granny's Buick. It's a good reminder that they were built to fight, not display at airshows.

@ZenosWarbirds 11 лет назад

The P-51 was designed by a team led engineer Edgar Schmued at North American Aviation in the USA in response to a British request for more P-40 fighters. North American believed they could do better. It was purpose built to be sold to the RAF, but it was not a British design. It was the Brit's idea to replace the original Allison V-1710 engine with a Merlin, which gave better high altitude performance in the P-51B & later models.

@TeknoWarMachine 6 лет назад

wow, its amazing that in 2018 i can watch this....it almost seems like it's from another dimension.

@guynewport 8 лет назад

Good heavens! That's Lee J. Cobb intoning to the military uniforms. I had no idea he knew so much about the NA P-51 Mustang way back in the day. Just watch him compute n'stuff!

@JoeInCT418 7 лет назад

According to Google, Mines Airfield was the early name for LAX, Los Angeles International Airport, which was purchased by the City of Los Angeles in 1937. The Field was originally constructed in 1930 and was named Mines Field at that time after William Mines, the real estate developer who arranged for the purchase of agricultural land and the construction of the field to serve as the airport for Los Angeles. It is one of the busiest airports in the USA and is one of only a few airfields which have four parallel runways.

@TVaughan667 8 лет назад

As a son of Inglewood, the location of the North American Aviation plant that manufactured the P-51 (and Mitchell B-25) watching this video gives me great pride in being one of the progeny of those citizens who, in part, made victory possible. Oh, and "Mines Field," is better known today as Los Angeles International Airport (the Spanish style terminal building I believe is still there, on what is now the south side of field.

@canthony722 8 лет назад

that's cool info Tim Vaughn thanks!

@JoeInCT418 7 лет назад

Yes, indeed. I am a history buff. Next life I want to ask the Almighty to come back as a History Prof.

@oldsccaguyyah9901 8 лет назад

Zeno, thanks. Of course, like everyone else..I love everything you've posted up. I just wanted to actually say thanks because I love this airplane. I got a ride in one once! They took the radio gear out of a D and put a little seat in that space.

@ZenosWarbirds 8 лет назад

+oldSCCAguy yah You're welcome! Zeno

@judithchamberlain2421 7 лет назад

ZenosWarbirds of a young immigrant oolololo.ololo.olôo.o..o.o.lololololoppg

@rollovaughan 6 лет назад

Lucky bugger

@rexfielc6094 9 лет назад

Wonderful. Lee J. Cobb?

@tee1up785 Год назад

2022 I watched the whole video and it went by to fast. Very good video. 🐎

@Glen48m 10 лет назад

Jimmy Stewart was well decorated Bomber pilot and reach a very high rank..just think by the time he had finished speaking over the intercom you would have forgotten the start of the sentence.

@kenowens9021 2 года назад

Kevin McCarthy sure got around. He taught how to fly the B-17 Flying Fortress as well. Wow, Lee J. Cobb with hair.

@brucestreeter4412 11 лет назад

Thank you James for studying so well. You are of course, correct. Kudos.

@rdg121212 11 лет назад

Lee J. Cobb is the Aircraft Engineer, you may remember him from "OUR MAN FLINT"

@pineapplequeen13 11 лет назад

Amazing machine... You can't mistake the sound of a P-51 for anything other than what it is. Thanks for posting! This let me have some bonding time with my dad. :)

@markfryer9880 11 лет назад

Thanks for the upload and doing the digital restoration Zenos. Ok so all training films even ones made today can make you wriggle and squirm but its still nice to be able see a P 51 especially the easily overlooked B model.

@justaguy4real 5 лет назад

1:50 aircraft look so cool when flying in formation

@commandosolo2009 12 лет назад

Thank you so much for this. If you got any more P-51 material, please post it.

@centurygarage 10 лет назад

Lee J Cobb! I thought I recognized him. Add 20 + years to get to the '60s and Our Man Flint.

@xxxchrist1 11 лет назад

Brilliant, thanks for posting this!!

@ShawnaGraham50 10 лет назад

These films are priceless!

@PlymouthVT 9 лет назад

Man that was fun! Thanks alot for the post! !Subbed!

@ThunderAppeal 11 лет назад

Bought a P-51 off of the internet unfortunately it did not come with an owners manual and good luck trying to find someone affordable to teach you how to fly one of these things. Thank goodness someone has access to these helpful instructional videos, otherwise I wouldnt know where I would be. Now I know that a bit of back pressure has to be used to keep the tail down while going down the runway for take off.

@dellicaman 10 лет назад

Nice footage thanks.

@krisvires 10 лет назад

It is Arthur Kennedy, though he and McCarthy do share a resemblance. The Company Executive explaining many of the systems is played by Lee J. Cobb, known for playing Mr. Cramden from the "In Like Flint" films with James Coburn. I'm not sure who the others are.

@spitfire27028 11 лет назад

thank you so much for posting the movie for us to watch. i hope to watch the other ones. i love you tube!

@welshpete12 11 лет назад

Very interesting , thank you for posting .

@Borzke 10 лет назад

I remember stumbling across your website back in 1998-1999. My friends and I were big Microsoft Combat Flight Sim players and I was looking for hints and tips. I still remember when your website loaded and the pilot from this video would say "watch this"... Glad I stumbled across you again. This time it was because of another video game. War Thunder. But this time I won't lose track of you :)

@cott10r 10 лет назад

awesome, thanks for sharing

@wvflash 11 лет назад

thank you Zenos

@VroodenTheGreat Год назад

I just bought a P-51D for MSFS today, and this was all VERY helpful information. Specifically 115 on short final. Maybe I won't nose it over on my first landing. I love these old videos.

@younggarde4797 Год назад

wut. Realy p51?

@cgouais 11 лет назад

wow, that captivate me to the end! Now i know how to fly a P51!!! I can return to FSX now!!

@ZenosWarbirds 11 лет назад

FYI our P-51 DVD includes a 130 page P-51D manual in Adobe Acrobat .pdf file format on the DVD. If you're interested in ordering one, click on "Show more" under the RU-vid video description above to see the url for more info about the DVD

@matthewrosengren2813 2 года назад

Awesome documentary! I wonder how many people who know of this video know what Mines Field is now😏

@dperl5640 8 лет назад

"But first, a little more dope"... Love the terms these guys used back then.. "ya see"..lol

@brettroberson1893 10 лет назад

I like that P51H in the background

@brentfoto 8 лет назад

Arthur Kennedy was the pilot. Fine actor.

@deetjay1 8 лет назад

L J Cobb with a bald look...

@jjohnston94 7 лет назад

I thought so! "12 Angry Men" Lee J. Cobb!

@Mattie1492 6 лет назад

Believe you me, brother, It pays to go through every step in the technical bulletin, just like it pays to check the RU-vid dialogue for answers before posting a question (Arthur Kennedy and Lee J. Cobb).

@local802blues 12 лет назад

Fascinating!

@KowboyUSA 10 лет назад

Cool video.

@axedaddyx 11 лет назад

Really terrific stuff...an Absolute Classic Warbird...Example of American Aircraft Brilliants! Great Little Film...but just about anything about the P-51 is Brilliant ! A Truly Great Machine...a Beauty !

@paulrobinson4768 11 лет назад

Thanks man, I play flight simulator WW2 and have been using the P-51 mostly.

@0MoTheG 9 лет назад

Very well automated engine management.

@ToreDL87 3 года назад

Thats what the 109 had, mechanical automated engine management called something along the lines of "Kommandogerat". But the manual system worked better for the U.S because they flew long range missions and the pilots needed something to do.

@AlBolch 12 лет назад

Great warbird!

@GeekingOnGames 3 года назад

19:12 their faces during his conclusion are priceless.

@mattzrat 11 лет назад

Gold thanks! !!!

@ZenosWarbirds 11 лет назад

Lou -- It's Arthur Kennedy. I have spent many hours restoring WW2 training films that feature him. He did several, including How to Fly the B-17. Check his photo on IMDB. No doubt at all. If somebody somewhere says the pilot in this film is Kevin McCarthy, they are incorrect. (Not the 1st time that has happened on the internet.) I am also very familiar with McCarthy's work, including his memorable role in "Body Snatchers." Not the same guy, although they both do have Irish heritage. :)

@jep1103 3 года назад

Definitely Arthur Kennedy

@KillerAceUSAF 9 лет назад

@3:35 I spy with my little eye a B-25H with the 75mm auto-cannon!

@WildBillCox13 6 лет назад

The Mustang was every American boy's dream. That so much fuel could fly so fast, and maneuver (mostly zoom and dive) well enough to harass Fw-190A and Me-109F . . . and rip unholy hell out of Me-110 and Ju-88 interceptors, was a combination of dreams and practical engineering. Even so, that a German might prefer an aircraft his country employed over ours is understandable and forgivable. What I find most attractive is that the rest of us can discuss, research, and either clarify-or obfuscate-the issues in open forum; that we can engage in effective discourse, despite our varied origins and life stories. I believe this is one of the great blessings of Mankind.

@horrorationeilsen7332 8 лет назад

Never knew L. J. Cobb was follically challenged !!

@kenoliver8913 6 лет назад

Never mind the bloody plane, that test pilot was a helluva pilot - a real stick-and-rudder guy.

@Pgcmoore 7 лет назад

oh the P51, imho the most beautiful and efficient prop drive aircraft ever made, the D model was the ultimate in design and combat capability

@dogeness 6 лет назад

The P-51H was even better at air superiority, although it didn't have the long range of the B and D.

@PDZ1122 2 месяца назад

They couldn't possibly believe that the wing would ever have laminar flow a week after it left the factory. The reason it still worked well was simply because it was pretty thin by contemporary standards.

@ZenosWarbirds 11 лет назад

If you mean the "bald guy," that's Oscar nominee Lee J Cobb ("On the Waterfront.") Cobb was one of those actors who was born looking older than his years, probably because he was prematurely bald. He was about 33 when this film was shot. He is widely considered one of the finest actors of his generation.

@SeadartVSG 6 лет назад

I had dinner in Lajolla sitting at a table next to LJ Cobb several years ago, he had a very busty dinner companion; he acted like people were watching the famous actor, giving polite nods and waves, but they were really watching his date.

@phillipkokesh6152 7 лет назад

ya gotta love the dialogue... ❤️. my guess is, these instruction videos were made by Hollywood producers in a secret studio called Lookout Mountain, near LA in CA...

@fieeedahusssain8407 Год назад

Amazing voice ❤

@Hal09i 4 года назад

I swear the civilian bald guy reminds me of Lee J. Cobb...because he is! great video and thanks for posting.

@tysoncott7402 7 лет назад

I saw a "D" model there towards the beginning being towed, weird they were talking about the "B" model.

@christianmartin82804 5 лет назад

If I was them I would by a D model even tho mustang are great no matter what model

@overcastfriday81 5 лет назад

Right. It's like the film crew is 12 months behind schedule. Being that it is 1944 (if the description is accurate), the timing of that video would make the D model far more logical to talk about. The D model was less aerodynamic but NAA was not sending out a small batch to sample the changes. They were made in large numbers immediately, so it's baffling to make this B model film at the time.

@gxlbiscuit 5 лет назад

This video tickles my jiggly bits, i have to buy a p-51 now!

@diamonddog257 11 лет назад

Great upload!...thx...not complaining; can you get P-40 Warhawk?...you can get creditable air hours on pretty cool mission profiles on computer....but this is significant stuff, too.

@Rikki0 10 лет назад

The "D" model was not quite as universally loved by the pilots as the "B" was for flight characteristics (although they absolutely loved the better view in the "D"). Pireps indicated that it was harder to keep in trim and that the first warning sign of a high speed stall was a violent snap roll into a spin. The latter is what I wanted to see in this film but he only flew the "B" which did give a warning and he didn't do the actual high speed stall. Still a wonderful film, though. Thanks for posting.

@Rikki0 10 лет назад

I meant he "only flew the "B". Note to self: Proofread!

@beenaplumber8379 Год назад

@@Rikki0 Did you see the sneak preview of the D at 2:20?

@robertdavis6708 10 лет назад

I flew in one a P-51 in 1969. Hamilton Ohio piloted by Joe Hogan. He charged me $300.00 for a 40 minute ride That was 3 paychecks for me at the time. At the end of the flight, I felt I owed him another hundred. And no I did not get sick. But I was wobbly when I stepped to the ground.They don't make people like these WW II vets any more..To give a young 19 yr. old a once in a life time ride will never be forgotten by this author.

@pilotdon50 10 лет назад

So what tail wheel experience do you have and who did you get your LOA through?

@brenton2617 8 лет назад

lol.....like all these old movies, it's so corny you could almost eat it. I love it :)

@robertdavis6708 10 лет назад

I agree with you on that. There's always two sides to an argument.

@wreckdiver001 11 лет назад

Actually, the actor was Kevin McCarthy of Invasion of the Body Snatchers of 1956. He had a long and successful career in Hollywood. Refer to IMDB.

@flightdiazrincon 11 лет назад

Muy interesante el video y que decir del avion : Gloria de la aviacion militar durante la segunda guerra mundial.

@pistonar 9 лет назад

Looking at the description above, I think that Arthur Kennedy is playing Bob. He played the avatar of Arthur Godfrey in Lawrence of Arabia.

@VamosConLaPeli 11 лет назад

ThunderAppeal, if you search for the words 51 manual with eMule appropriately connected (ED2K/Kademlia network) you should be able to get (among a few others) the file "North American P-51 Mustang Pilot Training Manual.pdf", 46,5 MB. It is AAF MANUAL 51-127-5 formerly RESTRICTED, cover + 105 pages.

@Forensource 11 лет назад

yeah

@fredeagle8766 7 лет назад

the spitfire had a higher Mach no. it's wing was relatively thinner, though not laminar flow. it had less induced drag and was stronger. the wooden wing tip would break of first rather than spar failure.the spar itself was a series of telescoped interleaving box sections, reducing in thickness gauge towards the tips. the nose of the aerofoil was a strong D- section torsion box built to very fine tolerances. a dent or rough paint would reduce speed significantly. a high polish would increase speed by 7knots at high speed. the elliptical planform distributed loads evenly along the span. the wing was, almost by luck, the best wing for 10 years from it's conception, and the way it was filleted and blended into the lower fuselage was masterfully done...look at the undersurface at the centre section. compound curvature all the way round and long strake- like fillets . washout reduced stalling to 80 knots with full aileron control. it was hard to make and and repair though. was it better than the mustang wing ? just a bit I'd say.

@dogeness 6 лет назад

Fred Eagle The Spitfire may have had less induced drag but it had way more parasitic drag. Couldn't accelerate at high speeds or retain its speed above top level flight speed very well. The Spitfire also had more control surface lockup at higher speeds. The P-51 was the better "boom and zoom"/hit and run fighter, which is the superior form of fighting to maneuvering turn fights.

@andrealves2630 7 лет назад

Great video, but I would like to see the flight characteristics of the P-51D. It is know that the razorback fuselage caused a loss of stability in the yaw axis, having quite an impact on the the stall and spin charateristics and also make the plane quite "twitchy"

@dogeness 6 лет назад

André Alves You have it backwards. The razorback was what the B had. It was more stable than the bubble canopy D.

@amirawadalla5866 7 лет назад

20:20 we are diving and so are the clouds and horizon.

@wlh1usa 10 лет назад

true

@80Loke 9 лет назад

Hello bob! how bout trying the guns on landing tower =P

@R281 9 лет назад

what a jackass LOL

@rkwatchauralnautsjediparty7303 2 года назад

I don’t know if this will help me with DCS. But it can’t hurt.

@stevenbryant1954 9 лет назад

I think Bob was actor Arthur Kennedy

@jefftompkins6202 7 лет назад

Yeah sure sounds and looks like him.

@patrickbodenham6879 Год назад

"Tends to veer slightly to the right, and continue in a dive without pulling itself out for quite some time" - sound like America alright

@PdxpeteRCPlanes2012 9 лет назад

Wow i really enjoyed the video. Wish i could fly the Mustang! However i will stick to RC Mustangs.

@TheCrimsonFckr 4 года назад

The Steely Brawn of an American, with the Furious Heart of a Brit.

@nomo7002 4 года назад

wow

@roanferguson8873 8 лет назад

I came here looking for some help with a game I play, War Thunder. It turns out the developer, Gaijin entertainment, modeled the damn Mustang perfectly. It performs exactly as it is described as in this training film. However it is markedly easier to throw the plane into an unrecoverable spin during intense evasive maneuvers than described in this film.

@gunsight4162 8 лет назад

The P-51 is a brick in WT

@ethan3246 7 лет назад

+Gunsight416 the P-51-D-5 sucks but the P-51-D-30 is wonderful

@Nine-TailedFox4 7 лет назад

+yolo269 no it's not. P-51D in WT is modelled incredibly inaccurately. Only someone who knows nothing about the mustang would say that gaijin modelled it correctly.

@ethan3246 7 лет назад

+IAB98Raptor it still seems like a good fighter plane in game. Can't say if they modeled it incorrectly or not so I'll take your word

@Nine-TailedFox4 7 лет назад

I don't know if the Mustang could out turn 109s. I know the 109K4 flies loops around mustangs below 20,000. Above that I'de say the mustang has an advantage. I'm not really sure TBH.

@kenns9 10 лет назад

The P51 was never ordered by the British. North American was approached by the RAE to license build P40s. NA in response said that they could build a new fighter in the time it would take to tool up to build the P40. At the end of that 180 days, the finished fighter had no engine (Alison considered NA a lo priority for engines) and sat on AT6 wheels.

@AleksandarStanojkovic 8 лет назад

gaijin should watch this ffs

@evanpilot 8 лет назад

+Aleksandar Stanojkovic Ganjin doesn't care.

@locallion1218 7 лет назад

I laughed when he said that it has fast roll rate.

@leftcoaster67 7 лет назад

Gaijin has sekret dokuments....

@gu3z185 6 лет назад

this aint the P51D, fam

@gu3z185 6 лет назад

P51B was crap, this model had 4 early M2 50s, and had the old cockpit design

@fredsalfa 6 лет назад

My dad flew P51D Mustangs in WW2. This is what it would have been like for him

@markfryer9880 11 лет назад

A, B and C models, a lot of docos seem to portray the Mustang as being an immediate success in the form of the D and later.

@beenaplumber8379 Год назад

I think that's because the D & the K had all that extra speed. Top speed is the easy stat for people to understand, though of course it's hardly the only stat that matters.

@ZenosWarbirds Год назад

If memory serves, the C was actually a bit faster than the D. The bubble top wasn’t as aerodynamic as the extended greenhouse on the C, but better all around vision was worth it.

@beenaplumber8379 Год назад

@@ZenosWarbirds I think there were many times as many D models produced as well. Besides, it looks really cool! I'm not old enough to know, but I bet the D model with the bubble canopy and all the other Mustang advancements might have looked like the future to people of that generation, and more intimidating to the enemy. Just a guess, I know, mostly based on how beautiful I think the D model is. I'm biased. 🙂 I think it's the most elegant-looking machine with a propeller. I'll never fly one, so looks are all I have.

@Roger-gm9tl 6 месяцев назад

Besides my helos which I'm well accustomed to, would of loved to fly these old war birds, which in my opinion have class all there own !

@videomaniac108 9 лет назад

I thought that the P-51B's high blower shift point was at 17,000ft, not the 20,000ft mentioned here. Am I wrong on that?

@Nine-TailedFox4 7 лет назад

it varies. your not wrong

@ZenosWarbirds 11 лет назад

I have a great P-40 training video uploaded on this channel: "Ways of the War Hawk: How to Fly the Curtiss P-40 Fighter" I'm not allowed to put a link in a RU-vid comment, but search my channel and its there.