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I doubt Java freelancing is even possible. Java is used mainly in large enterprise apps, where onboarding takes months and it's hard to find an isolated end-to-end task. Therefore such companies usually try to employ permanent employers working for years.
Depends on the labor laws of the country. In some countries like France for example, the constraints of employment are heavy on the employer. They can be stuck with the wrong employee and not want to fire them because it would cost more than to keep them. In such cases, they prefer to have contracts with an IT services company because if they're not satisfied with a particular consultant, they can get rid of them immidiately and the services company is in charge of providing someone else. So it can be very interesting even for big companies to have such contracts. And sometimes, getting a freelancer is even more interesting because you have the same advantages of being able to get rid of the guy with no big consequences, the difference is just you pay the guy directly instead of an intermediary services company. So as a freelancer you can actually negociate that kind of contract with big companies.