Gold, Faults and Fluids 

My Father who did security for the S.E.C took me their a few times !

Thank you very much

Thank you very much for watching.

Many thanks!

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Thanks for your comment. When the gold bug gets you it's hard to shake it off, and as you say, it opens your eyes to geology in general. The amazing thing about gold deposits around the world is that they often look the same, basically because the processes that formed them are very similar. All the best for your prospecting.

Yes they are ... same with high bench placers they are everywhere and the ultra fine gold collects about the same everywhere

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That is exactly the method used to outline that uranium deposits could exist in N. Saskatchewan...geological discussions over a beverage about the unconformity deposits in Australia.

Thanks for watching our videos. Based on your description it sounds like the surface gold in your lease is probably derived from the local quartz veins in the schist - my guess is that these are Orogenic style gold-quartz veins. So yes, I think there is potential for exploration beneath the surface.

@@GeologyFilms guys who use detectors to retrieve gold at surface and do no further investigation are doing a great injustice , If they recorded and mapped these locations with ore samples provided for later analysis it could open up huge underground discoveries in future generations that might now be missed completely.

Yes this process will be happening somewhere today, most probably near one of Pacific 'ring of fire' belts - especially where rocks are being deeply buried and metamorphosed. Orogenic gold can be any age - in eastern Australia they are mostly between 380 and 440 million years old. In Western Australia they are much older but some of the California deposits are much younger. Yes the gold is in solution and precipitates out later - gold is thought to form soluble chemical 'complexes' with chloride and hydrogen sulphide.

@@GeologyFilms Thank you for replying to my comment. Living in california ( boo hisss boo ) I have been Searching for gold almost my whole life but yet to get rich. Failure to succeed would actually be closer to the truth . I have panned , dredged, high banked and have some experience messing around in mines. And it is my recommendations not to do the things i done. Mines are no joke and you have no idea that you have no idea how deadly a played out mine can be. And its not just the risk of collapse or drowning the air is bad and you wont even know it untill it is too late. Even though i have yet to find the mother load i have seen the elephant and it is a life long journey that you keep learning from and come out enriched with the rewards of learning so many different things i would encourage everyone to explore the history and science behind gold. It is just such a rewarding way to enjoy life.

The radiometric dates done so far in SE Australia just give a general age for a whole vein or deposit with an error of +/- 2 million years, at best. The veins in Ken's mine haven't been dated but they probably formed about 400-420 million years ago. The resolution of the dating systems would make it difficult to date discrete events in a single mine unless they are separated by > 5 or 10 million years.

It's a great question. The old miners were pretty clever and they learnt from experience. They observed how veins had formed in lots of different mines and soon realised there were patterns they kept seeing from mine to mine. Also, geologists and mining engineers arrived on the scene about 18 months after gold was discovered in mid 1851. Eventually those geologists/engineers started writing articles in local newspapers and in government reports. By the mid 1860s they understood that gold-bearing veins and faults were related. Over the next 30 years or so, mine managers became more educated through local educational institutions called 'Schools of mines' and they would have instructed the less educated miners. As you say, most ordinary miners would have left school at age 15 but the state of Victoria (in SE Australia) had compulsory education from 1872 and one of the highest literacy rates in the world. And because there were so many scientific articles in local newspapers, the general population probably knew more about gold than people today.

Yes I agree Geology is a great passion - it's not always about the money from gold.

Not really. Fracking is mostly used in oil and gas extraction. I've never heard of it being used for gold mining.

Good question but I don't know the answer.

you are talking about magmatic processes, not hydrothermal processes. These quartz-vein-hosted deposits form by precipitation from hot aqueous fluids, NOT by cooling and crystallisation of a magma.

In earthquakes the initial wave to reach you is called the P wave, or Primary wave, which is a compressional wave. The P wave arrives first because they are faster than the later S waves, which are called Secondary waves or Shear waves. P waves are like sound waves so the first thing you experience in an earthquake is a bang, or blast - and that's the P wave arriving. When the S wave arrives, maybe just tens of seconds later, the ground starts to shake.

@@GeologyFilms Thank you Soo much . ❤️ Some geologists came on research here some days ago and. They find the fault near a hot spring they said megma is just 150km depth..here. ..still it sounds . And plates junction point Hunza was a part of Australia in past .. 😊 may be ..

Yes they could be the result of earthquakes. It’s very common to see smaller veins formed at an angle to larger veins - sometimes they have a slightly curving shape and have pointy ends. Miners in Australia called them spurs and it’s possible to calculate the direction of stress that created the veins using the angular relationships.

@@GeologyFilms Thanks for the videos, they have helped me understand the mineral geology around the gold fields here in Arizona !

@@GeologyFilms can you recommend a scientific paper about the calculation?

The types of veins commonly seen next to faults are called en-echelon veins or sometimes sigmoidal vein arrays. There are some very good and free online resources that describe how they form, but if you have access to journal papers, or are willing to pay, you could start with this early paper on the subject: Beach, A, 1975. The geometry of en-echelon vein arrays. Tectonophysics 28, 4 p. 245-263. Some free online sources are: structuredatabase.wordpress.com/brittle-shear-sense-indicators/ click on En Echelon Veins This video has a good description of how these veins grow in shear zones: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-mM4FlCyX6cs.html Haakon Fossen, is a Norwegian structural geologist has some excellent online resources. Check him out at folk.uib.no/nglhe/ His emodules are excellent - folk.uib.no/nglhe/StructuralGeoBookEmodules.html Chapter 8 and 15 both briefly describe en-echelon veins and have animations showing how they grow during fault movements.

That's a good analogy

Yes. Many researchers have. The high solubility of gold in both bi-sulphide and chlorite complexes in hydrothermal fluids as is well demonstrated experimentally, and in nature (including in modern geothermal springs, etc).

For an experienced miner it is safe. Ken Harris is a very experienced miner who safely operated this mine for over 30 years. But you always have to be alert to the danger and not take shortcuts.

Yes these small mines can be dangerous but the owner of this one was very careful and experienced - he used a lot of stulls to keep the walls apart.

There are fossils in the sedimentary rocks that surround the quartz veins. The most common fossils are Graptolites which were planktonic, meaning they floated freely in the upper parts of the ocean. When a graptolite died it sank to the seafloor where it was buried in mud.

Geology Films oh that means that these rocks were soft and the fossils were trapped by flood waters, so the quartz veins didn't have to cut through hard rock rather it was soft material and even with little pressure from bottom they could easily build veins,it's like releasing bubbles inside mud...

nope

Faults sometimes do creep, though. Sand doesn't just turn into quartz in a fault. That's not how gold-bearing quartz veins are formed. You need super-heated, super-saturated fluid under pressure.

what role did you have in the mining industry dan?

I think the California fairies wave their magic poles and turn the sand into gold laden quartz. Then the hot fluids are pushed up through the gold veins, and that's how golden showers are formed. At least that' what I heard in some pub down in San Francisco.

...."I know as much if not more than any Scientist does about faults and Quartz Veins."....lol...

ever heard of primary water there is more water in the stone at depth than in all the oceans on earth on the service that a well known fact