I'll never forget when this discovery was made, the professors at my university took my class to the common room and handed out copies of the paper, explaining to us how groundbreaking it was. Only two years earlier I had found out about gravitational waves and lamented that I would probably not live long enough to see them verified. Science never fails to impress and amaze.
Yes, feel those gravitational waves pulling earth towards them! Careful though, they might suck you off the face of the earth! If they are able to reach that far, maybe the next one might be closer and gravitationally pull everything off earth! Scary stuff!
@Huawei is a criminal organization. LoL I was being sarcastic 😂, I find it really annoying when people use words to describe something that just doesn't work in its favour, we all know the word gravity and we know that it's the thing that is keeping us from floating away from our planet, but then someone comes up with the word gravitational waves! Now I don't know about you, but to me it's saying that there are waves that will draw you into the centre of where the waves are coming from. That's like saying that it's anti gravity! Which doesn't exist along with many other things that people talk about as if they understand what they are but in reality they really don't have a clue. Oh and regarding gravity being the weakest field in the universe! Gravity isn't a constant so we can't say that it's the weakest field in the universe, the more active a planet and is, the stronger it's gravitational field.
@Huawei is a criminal organization. it would be easier but also incorrect. Unfortunately I have the ability to see things for what they are. Measuring what they call gravitational waves here on earth from somewhere far out in space is a very time consuming job! As you should know that waves propagating from a central point increase in diameter the further out the waves travel, so that means that by the time that wave hits earth, it's going to look like a slow rise in signal and the only way to know if anything actually was measured is to collect data for many years and replay the data at a faster speed so that you can see that there was an actual change taking place. Kinda like looking at the temperature variations over the last 100 years on earth. Gravitational waves are measured as a frequency, if you look at the wave propagation from above, the frequency is much higher at the source but as they move outward they stretch and change to a lower frequency... When an AC signal is so large it could easily be seen as a DC signal so basically back here on earth, it could be so huge that it just looks like a slow rise in activity and not the way that the people who measured it as a fast frequency sweep. It almost looks like the signal was fabricated on a frequency sweep generator. I guess that their funding is now secured.. Maybe I know something about physics or maybe I don't but if you just accepted everything that you have been taught and told, then you might as well be religious where your not supposed to question anything. I didn't realize that people had to obtain a PhD to become so stupid, thankfully I missed out on that opportunity.
@Huawei is a criminal organization. Wow! Target! Really! They couldn't afford me and the school's that you attended just weren't good enough for me either. It clearly shows how bad your education is by your remarks. It's not your fault, you thought that by attending those institutions that you will be intelligent enough to put me down but I'm afraid it's not working. I know everything that you know and then some. If you really had any intelligence you would have made an effort to listen when someone else talk's and then you would question why is it that they are thinking what they are thinking, but no! Your the one who read all those books, your the one who attended all those lectures, your the one who holds that piece of paper that claims you know something. Are you but hurt that the most successful and wealthy people in this world are all high school dropouts? How is it possible that people like you armed with your piece of paper can't do better than a high school dropout? What is it that you were not taught in school that's preventing you from being successful at anything? I know what it is, you rest on your piece of paper as if it actually means something, your not the only person who studied so there's hundreds of other people just like you. The thing that you are missing is that one thing that you weren't taught at school, and that's the ability to see that which no one else can see even though it's in plain sight! And it's so easy when you have studied electronic engineering, geology, history and just about every other subject that you care to mention. No one forced me to learn anything because no one had to, it comes naturally to me. I'm so smart that I can give you a real plausible alternate theory on any topic that you could care to mention. I know all current theories and concepts but most of them are incorrect and that means most of what you know is also incorrect too. You make sure that you frame your piece of paper and place it where your uneducated associates can see it because you like them don't really know as much as you think that you know. LoL frequency and magnitude, don't you mean frequency and amplitude, looks like you might want to learn some more about Electronics because you are going to need it. The nerve of some people, the minute someone has a theory that they weren't taught, they label them as uneducated lol when they are the ones that don't know.
@@PeterMilanovski hi there, just to clear up a couple of misconceptions for you, (bearing in mind, I do have a physics education but I'm not an expert on g waves). A brief explanation of Einstein's general relativity describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime due to massive objects. The more massive, the more curved spacetime becomes around the object and other objects (whilst also curving spacetime themselves) follow straight lines but in a curved spacetime around the object, so it looks like their trajectories are curved by it. This leads to notions of orbits as being straight lines but in curved spacetime. If two objects are extremely compact and massive (e.g. black holes or neutron stars) and are mutually orbiting each other, their orbit gradually decays. The closer they get, the faster they spin around each other due to conservation of angular momentum. Eventually they merger together, but just before they do, they are rotating extremely fast around each other. This high speed and large mass lerturbs spacetime in a repeating pattern (a gravitational wave) that propagates put into the universe at the speed of light. While the strength of the wave does gradually dissipate as it travels, the frequency is conserved so it doesn't need to be measured over a long time. Also, with regards to the strength of gravity, we are referring to the gravitational constant which is very weak and this means you need very high masses to feel gravity. For example the electromagnetic repulsion between the tiny electrons in your feel and the floor is enough to overcome the gravity of the entire planet, hence you don't fall through the ground.
Hello, RU-vidrs. The World Science Festival is looking for enthusiastic translation ambassadors for its RU-vid translation project. All you need is a Google account to get started. Here is a link to Gravitational Waves: A New Era of Astronomy Begins so you can see how it works: ru-vid.com_video?v=xj6vV3T4ok8&ref=share All you need to do is type along with the video and save when done. Here is another link to check out the full list of programs that you can contribute to. ru-vid.com_cs_panel?c=UCShHFwKyhcDo3g7hr4f1R8A&tab=2 At the WSF we want to to cultivate a world informed by science and inspired by its wonder. With your contributions you can introduce science to a whole new world.
Three different detectors saw the same thing.The scientists on this panel have been working on this for up to 40 years.Who among us would be that scientifically patient and rigorous about the results.They deserve great respect.And no one but those in the field can truly focus and understand what was accomplished.We can be skeptical but given time I believe this will be a normal part of science.Gravitational waves are here to stay.
Brian Greene your linguistic skills are excellent. Not to mention your perfectly clear train of thought and ability to convey it without a pause, hiccup, or stutter are to me truly impressive. You are a cultural gem for your devotion to science and its dissemination. Thank you very much!
This is a huge achievement in the history of science. And yet there are so many people out there who have no idea about this, and if you ask them about LIGO and gravitational waves, they will just look at you with a confused expression. And if you do explain it to them, they will usually just give you a "that's nice, dear" kind of reply.
I love that the numerical part goes on the longest, speaking for myself personally I never hear enough about the nitty gritty of the math, which lets admit is the language of nature and physics. Also such an interesting look at Einstein’s field equations
Thank you for this video and to brian to simplfy things. Without him you'll easily lost the track and he helps a lot to understand many things discussed.
Parabéns ! Também gravo videos! Todos Nós, Nas Luzes Estelares das Vitórias, do Bem, Bom, Belo, Positivo. Luzessssssssssssssssssssssss Paz Universal. Vitórias.
Why can't we have something like this for prime time TV? No teen drama about getting laid, just some basic or complex science about our universe; on what channel in what part of what world can I find this without commercials? RU-vid is the only place I've seen this (with a touch of ad block) but why is this not mainstream programming? Ehh, I digress, have at 'er! Good stuff, I need more!
So, here's a guy who's devoted his career to string theory and is careful to put a caveat on someone else's implicit assumption that string theory is correct. Where else do you see this? In politics? In religion? That one moment is a little jewel hidden in the rest of this excellent presentation.
Exactly. Short term, self serving bullshit that doesn't get supported by evidence in the long run doesn't help you and actually hurts you in the long run. Religion and politics is the opposite. Even Einstein, among the greatest scientists ever, made fairly large errors which he openly admitted. That humility is what is so refreshing about science for me too.
I liked your comment;don't know how many physicists make the mistake of confusing theory with fact; there's a wonderful combative as well as cooperative element to all discussions on the nature of reality which may, however, seduce us into such confusions. For an experimental scientist, this error might seem simply egregious - particularly as no-one's come up with a currently feasible way of testing this elegant & powerful theory. Even if they confirmed it, it would remain falsifiable as this is key to theoretical improvement & in any case a fundamental part of the scientific method. So it's indeed good to hear someone who really likes string theory say 'Well, I really don't know;' come to think of it it's sometimes sold as the only plausible basis for a unified theory. A little premature lol. Politics and religion sigh groan swear.
I see it diferent. I think you would be correct if Greene was the one to came up with the string theory, but was the LIGO dude who did came up with the string stuff predictions.
HELP: The description educators use to describe space bending via gravitational forces troubles me because we use the analogy of a trampoline and a heavy object in the middle to describe such phenomena. However, the description is taking place in a semi-2D grid and we know, obviously, reality is in 3D. So in all, the waves do not travel just in the x-axis but in a complete 360 degree coverage from the origin. I am probably not making sense, but the trampoline description does not fulfill my mind; I just want to see space bending in a 360 degree coverage but that will not look as appealing as the former analogy. Anyways thanks!
The 2D grid is just a representation since it is very difficult to describe in full 3D, yes, the gravity wave propagates in 3D, if you rotate the 2D grid in 360 degrees both laterally and longitudinally, that would be the true representation, but as I said, this is a difficult view, therefore represented in 2D.
Yes, you see, we've simply collapsed one of the 3 ordinary dimensions. Choose whichever you wish to collapse. Then try to "uncollapse" it ... envision the curvature of spacetime in 3d, then move to 4.
I translated this video to Brazilian Portuguese, but I don’t see any subtitles available… People should see this, be aware of the beauty science can achieve. The idea that Einstein almost 100 years ago predicted that we should be able to see this waves, albeit difficult, 1 billion dollars later and a group of a 1.000 working together to make this happen, is outstanding, really remarkable. I used the word ‘beauty’ because this seems to me to be closest you can get to the subjective experience we have when contemplating art, but in this case you don’t need to see or hear anything, just understand and think about it.
I appreciate the greatness this represents in terms of all that is good in humans. In the face of a culture that is trying to get by on thinking positive thoughts and the sole measure of validation is how much money is generated. But I did not hear much about the ongoing purpose and objectives other than upgrading because we can.
I am totally impressed at the human spirit's ability to continue to see awesome things in the mind's eye and continue until it is realized by observation.
All diagrams of Gravitational waves I have ever seen are basically a wavy line but what we dont see or explained is how gravity goes in every direction so instead of a wavy line we would actually see a Wavy Bubble.
Dude the waves themselves are flat - they fit in to the theory .... lol theyre just a little too flat for us to see lol our 3d eyes make it 3d but its really flat lol
the world science festival that happened the year before this one, had a panel hosted by Brian Green here, and one of the panelists was one of the principle scientists on the Louisiana LIGO team. Brian was giving her crap because her experiment hadn't found anything yet and he said he would have her back on the year they made the discovery. (she predicted less than 5 years) I wonder why she isn't on this panel!?!?
Compact high-energy systems, scalable gravitational-wave-propulsion, and advanced navigational and human integration components are of keen interest for further deep-space exploration and various defense applications. Generous classified research grants to pursue such experimental development in this area are attainable for qualifying proposals at the agency level. Don't worry, you may be contacted for such consulting roles, if demonstrating interest and ready. Watching always.
Water waves come from a hard object hitting a liquid surface. The liquid moves in waves .. What is the explanation for the causation of gravity waves? And what liquid is moving in waves ? I’m glad they’re called gravity waves and not space-time fabric waves because I don’t believe there is some kind of fabric knitted out there. I also don’t think time is part of a fabric, it’s a relationship of the movement of objects. Although we don’t understand mysterious forces like gravity completely, warped “space-time fabric” just complicates things with a new mystery which is: what is the fabric? It simply replaces invisible force with invisible fabric. The idea that a force of gravity can’t bend light waves, (or solar wind particles, etc.), but a fabric can, that’s a mistake.
I agreed Taking LIGO to space could be revolutionary. Cause we could actually eliminate many sources of noise and interference. So it could be a really cool experiment to watch😁👏👏👌👌👌
The problem with looking for an expected result is that you will ignore any data that doesn't fit the expected result. I.E conformation bias which leads to narrow answers, no?
Hello Professor Greene, so the light from the reflected beams cancels out and the detector sees nothing. How does this fit in with conservation of energy? Where does the lasers energy go? Many thanks!
I don't get it. The General Theory of Relativity is a field theory so there has to be waves, in principle. I get that detecting them was a great feat, but they were pretty much a given.
When you look at the view of objects with gravitational mass on a plane (like a trampoline) how would you visualize the reality of the situation in actual space? For instance, if so many miles up the Y axis, from the image at the 5:00 mark, there appears more planets, what medium would transmit this curvature? Is it simply that the universe is many millions of layers of trampolines upon one another and that the above curvature actually wraps around the entire body of the massive object? Thanks.
My level of ignorance prevails; but it could be significantly reduced by the availability of captions (which were turned on, btw). Wonderful program! I've watched this twice and probably will do so again.
Maybe is was the black holes acting together with the construction of the gravitational telescope, such that the two would happen at the same time, a unique undiscovered property of a part of gravitation in its operation as a manipulator of mass that releases force. It is said that G-d is a cosmic motivator of the universe. Thus, I suggest G-d preplanned this occurrence, as a way of saying, "Hi! I am out there!"
what I don't understand is that space is stretched and compressed but it is just one part , what about time ? like when gravitational waves pass through does time also vibrate ?
A fantastic achievement to detect gravitational waves from two black holes merging. However is it correct to state "The first direct detection of gravitational waves"? Surely humans have been observing gravitational waves at a frequency of 2 per day for millennia with gravitational waves from the moon's orbit causing tides. I am not trying to belittle this achievement, just that there should never have been any doubt that gravitational waves exist, just our ability to detect them from such a distant spacetime.
An event that took place over a billion years ago, was just captured. We may yet be surprised that later events, not yet theorised, may impact our galaxy in ways so dramatic earth may not survive. Asking the "questions" is perhaps the greatest aspect of science and human consciousness. Imagine what could be solved if 20% of military budgets was directed to research.
I'm glad that Brian asked if this was the kind of thing that could be reproduced or tested in a laboratory setting, but the answer given isn't quite severe enough I think. In a more dramatic answer; there is literally not enough mass and energy in the entirety of our solar system to manufacture the kind of gravitational waves that we would be able to detect.
I think it was. She said "emphatically no" and the example she gave with the 1 ton spinning weights on each side created such a small amount it was something like ^-42, so small she was reluctant to even say there was anything there.
@@finchisneat We can just barely detect the gravitational waves of actual black holes banging together. Trying to suggest we can detect any such waves from ANY amount of spinning weights on the Earth is just silly.
In the very early days of LIGO, I was involved with the design of the end mass and pick-off telescopes used in the interferometer. I also did the mechanical design of the device that calibrated the face accuracy of the 10 centimeter mirrors and the small magnetic bars that kept them from rotating due to the coriolis force. Back then, the purpose of LOGO was not to detect gravitational waves, but to determine if gravitational waves propagated at the speed of light, or whether they were instantaneous. Once the unique signature of the wave was detected, they were was a very short window to notify optical telescopes to look in the coordinates that the two LIGO installations triangulated. If they witnessed a bright spot, they would have verified that the gravitational perturbation had traveled at light speed. If they saw nothing, it would have eliminated this possibility and supported, but not verified that gravity is instantaneous. These "vibrations" would have effected Earth millions of years ago. LIGO has no way of determining whether the sinusoidal signal is a propagated one, like at the speed of light, or one that has arrived instantaneously due to two neutron stars or black holes revolving round each other. Since the time I worked on LIGO, I've never heard of anyone mentioning this purpose. In fact, every illustration I've seen on the internet shows waves going out in spirals moving through space like two basketballs going round each other on the surface of water making waves. Seeing these scientists get giddy over a wave pattern on a computer screen seems anticlimactic to me. Determining that gravity does not propagate at the speed of light is worth some serious giddiness! Supporting the idea that it's instantaneous is astounding! This makes me wonder what certain notables in science and our military is NOT telling us. When I was doing a fit check of the telescopes within the vacuum spheres of the system at Caltech, there were several military personnel there. Since it was a NSF funded project, that was a bit unusual to me. So, with my big mouth, I said, "I know what you guys are doing here, you're making a UFO detector". To my embarrassment, after the entire room went silent for about 5 minutes, the project manager took me aside and warned me, "We don't mention those sorts of things here". So, all the way home, I thought, what if that's what they are actually doing since UFO's are supposedly using gravity to pull the fabric of space into them rather than travel in a linear fashion? So, Brian, give me a call if you read this and want to get my views on what I think about gravity, time and why photons emitted at intervals still produce interference bars. I'm pretty easy to find by my unusual name.
Another thing that I have to comment about is that why is the fabric or fabrics of space only represented in a 2 or 3 dimensional planes. Represent the fabrics of space in at least 4 dimensions. Representations always miss the bend of space of the upper fabrics of space. What happens on the upper fabrics?
Besides predicting gravitational waves, Einstein also said we would never be able to detect them, he didn't think we would ever be able to build a device sensitive enough.
Am I correct in thinking that the signal amplitude depends only on the masses involved and not the distance that the detector is from the source? Thankyou for posting a wonderful and informative video. In a mere hour and a half I've learned just how ignorant I have been.
Thanks for your response, it is always fun to think about these things. I will try to explain more clearly what I mean. The crash of two super sized objects being pulled in to each other by gravity should take a longer time than a millisecond or you will bypass the speed of light by far (which is impossible). This should mean, in my mind, that you should be able to measure this effect for many years until it finally disappears :)
One of the most incredible discussions I have ever listened to. We truly are living on a speck of floating, flexible and often undefinable mass in vast and gargantuan sea. If you never believed in the existence of God, on the 100th anniversary of Einstein's theoretical proof, now is the time to recognise the truth. Creation needs to recognise the creator and we just got the message.
Look at what Musk just said right after this info breaks. I can't talk to you about proofs and science because personal experience is the definition, separate from virtual realities. If you want to know, you will know. That is the truth. Go find out who you are.
Is this a joke comment? If not, feel free to provide us good evidence for creation and a creator. Thanks~ Until that happens, though, the claim will continue to be dismissed as wrong if no good evidence is put forth.
It's just as valid as any interpretation of consciousness or quantum behavior at this point. It's not a theory, it's and interpretation of evidence that already exists. It's a philosophical idea. It's also not entirely religious. For example, essentially, intelligent design is no different from the argument that reality is a computer program, or that reality is math. The extreme bias against intelligent design is unwarranted. Also, there is no reason to limit intelligent design to only Christianity. Nearly every spiritual movement in the history of the human species parallels the basic idea.
Not sure if anyone knows this but the department of the navy has already issued patents for gravitational wave generators and craft using an inertial mass reduction device. In other words they have already invented anti-gravity craft and energy devices based on these theories. Patent numbers 10144532 and 10322827
Please explain this about the speed of light and gravitational waves. Doesn't the speed of light presume that light travels in a straight line (measure of light years) so wouldn't this gravitational wave upset the system of measurement of light years since light can be bent?
After I watched the video , I just asked myself about those 159 guys, I mean, I respect their view but I want just to understand what is in their mind . Its one of the best video and dissection that I watched and its super useful for the public to understand the concept pf the gravitational waves .
Had anyone else noticed that the scientists seem to fixate more on how they discovered something than the actual discovery and its meanings? Here they have discovered that our actual physical dimension can be stretched and compressed, warped by the simple presents of any mass, but mostly talk about the machine they created to measure the imperceptible distance between mirrors. I suppose that's why there are philosopers that contemplate the meaning, and usefulness, of scientists discoveries. Thankfully one of mankind's greatest minds, Einstein, was both.
Parabéns ! Também gravo videos! Todos Nós, Nas Luzes Estelares das Vitórias, do Bem, Bom, Belo, Positivo. Luzessssssssssssssssssssssss Paz Universal. Vitórias.
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when radio waves were made into the common radio as a child 60 years ago we made crystal sets to cut the wave in half by a crystal so it could be turned into sound ... could you cut the light wave in half by a crystal to get a gravity wave sound identified the same way ...
Dr. Greene is probably only smart person on this level that I have ever known who directly or indirectly never showed that he is very smart. Amazing! If you ask me.
Too many contributors (panel) make for noise and very little information. They tend to compete against each other. I would take a Richard Feynman lecture to a lecture consisting of experts trying to outdo each other.
Right on about too many contributors trying to outdo each other. The problem is the smartest may be the shyest but remain quiet. And I'll take one one Richard Feynman over the shouting group!
The human race can achieve such wonderful things when we put our minds together..in these times of conflict we must never allow the spark of curiousity to be subdued..
Initially, I had a kind of a negative impression of Brian Greene, but once he launched into a huge explanation of mathematical equations, I suddenly started liking and respecting him a lot more. I really didn't have a sense of him as a deeply knowledgeable host before seeing this video, I had thought he was trying to be too "charming" before this.
@dafuqawew I'm not proud of the way I reacted to him initially, but I felt that Dr. Greene seemed a little bit unctuous and coy. I apologize for misunderstanding him, at no time, before his dazzling display of mathematical understanding in this video, did I perceive him as a serious scientist. I felt like his charm seemed manufactured. This is a terrible thing to say, I know. But having seen him in this vastly improves my feelings toward him.
Sometimes Greene should give his Speakers more time to explain what they want to do, instead of interrupting them for a question they basically were about to come to.
so...what is the speed of a gravity wave. the same as light wave speed? dumb question? she says that the two black holes are moving towards each other at "half the speed of light" until they crash together, creating a wave that was measurable because such a large mass crash. And, when time/space bends due to gravity, does the speed change based on the stretch of the bend?
Just as a proton and electron form a hydrogen atom through electromagnetic force by emitting a photon, neutron and planet earth can form a bond due to force of gravity by emitting a graviton. The experiment with the neutron has been done and transition of neutron in one quantum state to other in earth/neutron system had been measured, graviton had been detected indirectly in an experiment. Graviton is the quantum of the gravity field and gravitational radiation.
What is so great about this. If you hit a tuning fork we all know it produces a sound wave. If you toss a rock into a pond it creates a wave. there is an infinite amount of gravitational waves. All of the planets in orbit are constantly providing gravitational waves. But they can prove this?
I have two comments related to this observation. 1) Wouldn't this "Stretch and compress" effect be most observable when the axis of the binary mass system is perpendicular or normal to the line of sight of the laser? And 2) Did they consider simultaneously trying to measure a "stretch and compress" effect on time as well as length?
What if what was detected would be more accurately explained as "a ripple in space time" rather than a "gravitational wave"?, splitting hairs I know. Does this prove that gravity is made of waves (gravity waves) like sound or micro waves? Might be a poor analogy but for example we can detect waves/ripples in water but h2o isn't made of waves.
I am not a physicist, but sometime they seem to miss the point. They go on about it altering the fabric of space, why don't they explain what the fabric of space is. On the one hand they space is a vacuum ( Nothing ) but there must be something there that can bent and stretched. Is this what the call Dirac's sea ( a sea of negative energy ) Maybe this is what they use to call the Either. So is this gravitational wave just a ripple across Dirac's sea, much like soundwave's though the air or when you ripple a long length of rope. Maybe light needs Dirac's sea to travel through space, maybe light would not travel without there being Dirac's sea ?. If you used your imagination and went back to before the big bang and turned on your torch , nothing would shine out . Maybe the trampoline example of mass bending space is really mass bending Dirac's sea. Lastly was it worth a billion $ just to detect gravitational waves ?. Could that money have been spent on more humanitarian things. ????????
But sir... Why haevy objects bends the space time fabrics??? Even heaviness is measured by gravitational force.... If we put sun in this fabrics and no gravity pulling sun downward then how can it curve this fabric..... Plz explain
That was only a analogy m8, it doesn't actually explain how things work. We describe that anything with mass or energy curves spacetime by the Stress-Energy Tensor, thus even a single photon, a light particlr bends space the same way the sun does.
QUESTION? since time slows down the slower you get to a black hole (from the view of a out side observer) would you be able to see everything that has ever fallen in including stars and hot plasma would it be bright ? (a super massive black hole in the center of a galaxy)
If you observed something falling into a black hole, the object would just freeze at some point and then slowly fade away in time. You don't actually see the whole journey.
