Hassan Fathy 

Major principles:
The belief in the primacy of human values in architecture
The importance on universal rather than a limited approach
The use of appropriate technology
The need for socially oriented, co-operative construction techniques
the essential role of tradition
The re-establishment of cultural pride through the art of building
Hassan Fathy was a noted Egyptian architect who pioneered appropriate technology for building in Egypt, especially by working to re-establish the use of adobe and traditional mud construction as opposed to western building designs, material configurations, and lay-outs. Fathy was recognized with the Aga Khan Chairman's Award for Architecture in 1980. In 2017, Google celebrated Fathy with a Google Doodle for "pioneering new methods [in architecture], respecting tradition [Egyptian heritage and tradition], and valuing all walks of life".
He was an Egyptian architect and engineer who has been credited with bringing the vernacular architecture of Egypt to a wider audience, and for putting neglected traditional building systems to work for the poor. Set in the context of the newly independent Egyptian nation, Fathy's career encapsulates an anti-colonial stance through a rejection of modernism and the valorisation of a culturally specific architecture, which tried to accommodate traditional modes of living whilst being affordable for the majority of the population.
Hassan Fathy was a cosmopolitan trilingual professor-engineer-architect, amateur musician, dramatist, and inventor. He designed nearly 160 separate projects, from modest country retreats to fully planned communities with police, fire, and medical services, markets, schools, theatres, and places for worship and recreation.
Born: March 23, 1900, Alexandria, Egypt
Died: November 30, 1989, Cairo, Egypt
Awards: UIA Gold Medal
Nationality: Egyptian
Movies: Il ne suffit pas que Dieu soit avec les pauvres
Design philosophy:
Egyptian Architect devoted himself to housing the poor in developing nations and deserves to be studied by anyone involved in rural improvement. He worked to create an indigenous environment at a minimal cost, and by doing so, to improve the economy and the standard of living in rural areas. In his works, Fathy wanted to pay tribute to nature, traditions, and man while seeking spirituality.
There was a real need to use local materials, which Fathy answered by observing peasants' houses and by developing an in-depth understanding of the use of mud bricks in the construction of catenary vaults and domes.
Architecture for the Poor describes Hassan Fathy's plan for building the village of New Gourna, near Luxor, Egypt, without the use of more modern and expensive materials such as steel and concrete. Using mud bricks, the native technique that Fathy learned in Nubia, and such traditional Egyptian architectural designs as enclosed courtyards and vaulted roofing, Fathy worked with the villagers to tailor his designs to their needs.
Notable works:
New Gourna Village by Hassan Fathy.
Hamdi Seif al-Nasr House in Fayum, Egypt.
New Baris Village in Kharga, Egypt by Hassan Fathy.
Andreoli Residence in Cairo, Egypt.
Shahira Mehrez Apartment in Cairo, Egypt.
Ceramics Factory in Qina, Egypt by Hassan Fathy.
Khalil al-Talhuni House in Shuna Janubiyya, Jordan
Dar Al Islam in New Mexico, USA
Beit ar-Rihan in Kuwait City, Kuwait
Hamed Said’s Studio in Cairo, Egypt
Abd al-Rahman Nassif House in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia
Sadat Resthouse in Garf Hoseyn, Egypt
Akil Sami House in Dahshur, Egypt
Casaroni House in Giza, Egypt
The Fathy House in Sidi Krier, Egypt
Architectural Perspectives:
Ancient design methods and materials.
Utilising a knowledge of rural Egyptian economic situation and period
Space design suitable to surrounding environment
Low cost construction without using RCC and steel
Training locals to build ones own house
Major principles:
The belief in the primacy of human values in architecture
The importance on universal rather than a limited approach
The use of appropriate technology
The need for socially oriented, co-operative construction techniques
the essential role of tradition
The re-establishment of cultural pride through the art of building
Sum up:
Mud brick - Low heat radiation, low cost, availability
Thick wall - High insulation
Small window not facing the sun.
Wind catcher - Air circulation, a pressure gradient used to get away with the hot air.
Qanat (Framed cloth curtain) - Used with wind catcher to cool the interior air by deep cut canal in the floor filled with water.
Screens - Restricts glare of light
No use of RCC and steel for high heat radiation
Courtyard with partial greenery to screen dust and sand in the prevailing wind.
Quotes:
“Build your architecture from what is beneath your feet.”
“Tradition is the social equivalent of personal habit.”
Architecture for the poor quotable quotes “Architecture is music frozen in place.”
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