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MOST of the art and architectural remains that survive from Ancient and Medieval India are religious in nature. That does not mean that people did not have art in their homes at those times, but domestic dwellings and the things in them were mostly made from materials like wood and clay which have perished. This chapter introduces us to many types of temples from India. Although we have focused mostly on Hindu temples, at the end of the chapter you will find some information on major Buddhist and Jain temples too. However, at all times, we must keep in mind that religious shrines were also made for many local cults in villages and forest areas, but again, not being of stone the ancient or medieval shrines in those areas have also vanished.
Basic Features of the Hindu Temples
The basic form of the Hindu temple comprises the following: Sanctum (garbhagriha literally ‘womb-house’)It was a small cubicle with a single entrance which grew into a larger chamber in time. The garbhagriha is made to house the main icon.
Entrance to the temple, It may be a portico or colonnaded hall that incorporates space for a large number of worshippers and is known as a mandapa.
Free Standing temples tend to have a mountain-like spire, It can take the shape of a curving shikhar in North India and a pyramidal tower, called a vimana, in South India.
The vahanIt was mount or vehicle of the temple’s main deity along with a standard pillar or dhvaj is placed axially before the sanctum. Many Hindu temples, feature mithun (embracing couple) sculptures, considered auspicious.
Usually, they are placed at the entrance of the temple or on an exterior wall or they may also be placed on the walls between the mandapa and the main shrine.
13 окт 2024
