Hi all! We hope you learned some helpful info about MOSFETs with this video - we have a lot more tutorials and videos on different semiconductors as well as other electrical engineering / electronics topics. Go check them out on our RU-vid channel or on our website - www.circuitbread.com/
Hi, I really ❤️ your video. I am a teacher from Bangladesh. Most of student don't understand english. I like to teach them in your way.❤️ Please, can you tell me what software you use. Specially the 3d animation part. Thanks. #respect.
@@andrey-kramer Any 3D modelling/animation tool will achieve pretty much the same results. If you want to get into 3D modelling, you can get started with Blender since it's free and has a pretty wide community so you can get help if you're stuck
You sir are awesome, my professor has some old-school books/presentations. In them you get lost after the first 2 sentences, while this video explains everything in less than 5 minutes, thank you again and have a good day! :) Also english isn't my mother tongue so be nice :)
Excellent video! Specially because you taught the principles beforehand. Also, your observations about the terms and your explanation about "region" were great - you are an excellent teacher, sir!
At 2:05, how is it possible that the MOSFET is operating at the pinch-off point when the gate voltage is lower than the threshold voltage? The gate voltage must be greater than the threshold voltage for the MOSFET to even operate in triode. The pinch-off point is the voltage that separates the triode region and saturation region, which is Vdssat. The pinch-off point is not governed by gate voltage but by drain to source voltage. When Vds is Vdssat the pinch off point is exactly at the drain. When Vds is greater than Vdssat, the pinch-off point moves toward the source. What you said here is contradicting. How could there be a pinch-off point if gate voltage is less than threshold voltage, meaning that the device is not on and not in even triode mode, needless to say saturation?
Hey Jarvis, I think you are struggling with the same thing that confused the heck out of me for the longest time as well. I highly recommend watching this video: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-o3M2sOCGCKs.html It should hopefully clear up all of these questions!
We have some series that we're working through at the moment but I'm accumulating a few one-off topics that I'd like to address. I have added JFET to it!
I am not a degreed electronics engineer, HOWEVER this is how that ACTUALLY seems to work: when circuit between pos (gate side) and neg termimal are connected the electrons flow to that capactitor gate and thus fill that channel and current starts flowing across that channel. Thanks in advance for saying THANKS!
n-FET, p-FET. They can disconnect a charging circuit from just the voltage output of a solar panel... like a diode. But using the Vgs threshold voltage (saturation voltage). When theres no sun, theres no voltage to saturate the gate of the mosfet allowing the mosfet to turn ON. Mosfets are really cool. The solar panel(s) dont draw from the battery during the night, because there's no sun. Theres no voltage on the gate. of the n-FET.
BEST video HANDS DOWN.. I had no clue about MOSFETS, in fact I kinda got intimidated how TF these monsters worked. But it explained me in the best possible way.
Yep! Or at least the one shown is. Sometimes manufacturers will put in other features (like a flyback diode on a power MOSFET) that will make it so the FET is not interchangeable. Or they'll make internal connections that will force it to be one way versus another. But, again, as shown and in many MOSFETs, they are interchangeable.
Thanks for mentioning how the substrate is usually connected to ground. I dont understand how everybody talks about the gate voltage without mentioning where that connects to.
will doing this with gluons and quarks give warp tech ? is antimatter needed ? how does one control subst? particles ´´without the risk öff igniting more aka the höle atmö^^
That inversion layer forms as the voltage is increased and the depletion layer moves downward. It's still not conductive if you only have enough voltage to create the depletion layer but not enough to get the free carriers in that inversion layer. Or do you mean how do the electrons get up to the inversion layer when it's in a non-conductive material? I'm not 100% sure of that one, but I believe the electrons can be pulled from the source and drain or even pulled through the less-than-ideally conductive depletion layer.
This was done with the Adobe Suite - so Aftereffects, primarily. Our editors that do CircuitBread work now use Davinci Resolve (so any newer CB videos use that) but we still use Adobe with our client work.
I read a particular datasheet which has this reading which i find odd and cannot figure out why, in what incidence will continuous drain current (Tc=25C & Tc=100C) be equal? Shouldnt the current decrease when temperature is higher?
Hopefully I understand the question, but I think the issue is that you're reading it as expected behavior versus tolerated behavior. I'm going to assume that it says the continuous drain current is the same at 25C and 100C? That simply means that, if your MOSFET is working in 25C conditions, it will safely conduct the same amount of current as that same MOSFET in 100C conditions. Of course the designers put a little wiggle room in there to cover themselves (as they should!) but I wouldn't be surprised if the wiggle room is smaller on the 100C side.
Hi , I am a Teacher From Bangladesh. I ❤ Your Video. Can You Please🙏 tell- what softwatre You use for to make video. Specially Animation . Thanks. Love from Bangladesh♥
Thank you for the feedback! We've used a few different software applications for animations over the years but I think this was done in the Adobe suite with After Effects.
Don't worry about it. I am an Electrical Engineer and I'm still struggling to understand MOSFET's, junctions, regions, holes, electrons and all that crap. I understood it enough to pass those clases with an A but other than that I've never needed to know the specifics of these components. Don't worry about it, life is beautiful to be worrying all the time.
Bygod... 4 weeks of my professor yelling and pointing at formulas makes no sense to a visual learner like me. This is just what I needed, Cheers mydude.
Layer: some atom layers. Channel what you read as technology node , so 100 nm for 1 Vdd ? 6502 was started at 5000 nm. You can see the width of some gates on the die shot. When there is a fan out, the previous gates are all widened up. Also the pins got large drivers where the gate needed to be folded because it is so wide.
Thank you very much.Thank you for your effort. I would like to ask two questions.How are holes arising through the positive voltage and what makes them to leave the channel? It would be very kind if you can give me a detailed answer because I love to learn things as detailed as I can. I thank you very much in advance
At what time in the video? We only want charge carriers close to the gate. A diode in reverse has this nice depletion region to get rid of stray carriers. Just apply a voltage to the body ( bottom ) relative to everything on the top side. Some MOSFETs are used in applications where source and drain change roles. Mostly IC. That‘s why I would not assume that one too electrode is directly connected to the bottom electrode.
This always confused me and is why we created this tutorial specifically: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/what-are-the-different-regions-of-operation-for-a-fet It gets into more detail on the different operating regions. Hopefully it will clarify things!
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Cảm ơn bạn đã bình luận và tôi rất vui vì nó hữu ích! Tôi xin lỗi, tôi đang sử dụng Google Dịch nên hy vọng điều này có ý nghĩa. Chúc may mắn với mọi thứ và chúng tôi hy vọng sẽ tạo thêm một số hướng dẫn về CMOS trong 12 tháng tới.
Great video! I just don't understand one thing, what controls the gate voltage? Because in order to translate the open or closed state of the transistor into Boolean algebra, you have to constantly change the gate voltage, so I wanted to know how this was achieved.
Thank Nathan! The gate voltage is manually (or externally) controlled by something else. From that vague phrase, you can extrapolate out to either an external source (if you're messing with a discrete MOSFET directly with a power supply) or another part of the circuit (like a flip-flop further up the line in an integrated circuit). From a digital logic/boolean perspective, you don't normally worry about the gate voltage (or the different operating modes) of the FET, you simply focus on whether or not the FET is "open" or "closed".
The great thing with depletion mode is that you can just connect transistors in many ways and it just works. Look at the weird CMOS gates which are in use in any modern computer.
Thank you very much for this. Although I struggled with certain terms, the fact that you acknowledged it can be tricky at first; helped me to think I need to stick at it and it will eventually come. You have a good presentation style and I look forward to watching g more of your videos. Thank you and greetings from Sheffield in UK.
That's an excellent question - this video definitely assumes that you have a foundational understanding of semiconductors. I'd recommend starting at the beginning of this playlist (or wherever you're most comfortable): ru-vid.com/group/PLfYdTiQCV_p711DywXAh53wL3xI7S55lg
I have found that, for a lot of this stuff, I have to review it a couple times for it to stick in my head. When I write a script, I almost always write it, walk away for a couple days, then come back and look at it again, work on it some more before sending it off to JB for review (though if I remember correctly, JB actually wrote this one). So don't feel bad at all if the first time through it doesn't all stick or if it seems to click at first but then later, you get confused again. As for the word MOSFET... that's a strange but fun! I didn't have any strong feelings until I finally understood what it actually stood for, which blew my mind.
It is based on there being a source to drain voltage. My understanding is that if there is no source to drain bias voltage, the channel growth will be even as the gate voltage increases. In retrospect, that should be have been mentioned more explicitly. Great question!
@@CircuitBread Yeah, I've thought about this later. It's just not shown in animation explicitly that drain-source shoud be connected under different potentials. But, still this makes not essentiall difference where's source terminal and a drain - it's not defined by structure or manufacturing. It depends only how we connect + and - That's just in principal. 'Cause in real MOSFETS there's an internal diode between drn and src, so there's some technical details and difference between these two.
As @sureshchattu5211 mentioned in another comment, I believe you have the two region names confused at 2:11 and 2:34. From my understanding the area before VGS equals the threshold voltage is the Ohmic region. The region past the threshold voltage when the MOSFET is fully conducting is the Saturation region. If I'm wrong please let me know! Otherwise this was a fantastic video!
Thanks! We actually did another video that addresses this specifically: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/what-are-the-different-regions-of-operation-for-a-fet I think, in this case, the biggest challenge is that, in this video, we are showing what happens when you increase VGS. Yet almost all graphs that show this curve, including ones we've made, have VDS as the x-axis. So, to help see why we *think* we are right (hey, I'm not going to claim perfection - ever) look at one of those graphs and then, instead of moving left to right, choose a VDS voltage and then look at the regions you move through as you go from the bottom to the top. It'll be cutoff, saturation, then ohmic (or linear). Hopefully between that quick explanation and the other video, this will be clear. RU-vid is not great about notifying us of responses to comments but I would love to hear if that cleared things up!
@@CircuitBread thanks for the reply! This makes total sense and I agree, the terminology is incredibly confusing! Your linked article does a wonderful job of further explaining these regions, thanks!
The video team uses a lot of different Adobe products together to make the videos. I think the animations are done in Aftereffects and Element3D. Not as confident about that answer as I’d like to be.
Do a video on how to identify the size of a mosfet to buy one. For example, I removed one from an inverter and want to buy a replacement. How do I buy the same size?
I'm not sure if that warrants a full video! Whenever I do something like that, I either pull the part off and google the part number etched on it or just go to somewhere like DigiKey and use their parametric search using the package size and just make some reasonable assumptions on what it should be. The former is definitely the better method, if it works, though.
Yep! We made a tutorial explaining the difference, here's a link to the site which has both the video and a written description: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/nmos-vs-pmos-and-enhancement-vs-depletion-mode-mosfets
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bro need to get this channel to like grow like asap like asap asap cuz my professor have a heavy ass accent and speak hella fast and talk like we understand everything already inside out
I was at my 1.year in material science in 2018, we had lab with 2 pHD , professors, from each field, chemistry, physics, asked a lots of questions,but still nobody could explain how this operates. 2 years later I found this! :D
2:03 I am pretty sure this is incorrect. Saturation region is when Vgs > Vth but Vds > (Vgs-Vth). Saturation region is when the inversion layer is already formed and there is current but increasing Vds has no effect on carrier velocity (current). Fight me!
We did a tutorial on just this topic here: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/what-are-the-different-regions-of-operation-for-a-fet I'm a bit confused, though, as I agree with you. I think the confusion, in this video at that point, we're talking about changing Vgs and assuming Vds is constant, whereas when we're looking at graphs, it's usually Vds on the x-axis that is changing. Taking more time to give a more complete view, we created the other tutorial so please check it out and let me know if we're still supposedly in disagreement. Also, RU-vid doesn't notify me of follow-up comments, so I may be more unresponsive in the future. Don't take it personally!
@@CircuitBread Ok. I suppose if Vgs is still below Vth at that point in the video, then there's no conduction through the channel and there's channel pinching, but textbooks don't seem to call this saturation region yet (CMOS VLSI Design, 4th Ed., Pg. 62-63). They let Vgs > Vth so that there's current between D S. Then they increase Vds such that drain's depletion region widens and pinches the inversion layer, however there's still drift current happening and the elections in the depletion region are accelerated due to drain's attraction. In your case, there's no current in the saturation region and that seems to be the troublesome thing. Do you see what I mean? Textbooks go: cut off, linear, and saturation (where there's current in saturation).
I see what you mean, for it to be in saturation, there has to be a Vds voltage, which would cause a current to flow (perhaps not significant but there would be a current). As technically, if Vds is 0, it will be in cut-off no matter what Vgs is. I'm sorry, this can definitely be confusing. This is the problem with us trying to only briefly review this idea - I'm not sure if we should have left the operating regions alone completely in this video and just referred people to the other tutorial dedicated to the topic. I feel that one does a significantly better job explaining this particular concept.
I am an Electrical Engineering student and this video was very helpful! You do a great job of explaining the basics of MOSFET operation in a short amount of time, though I did have to lower the video speed and go back a few times to make sure I understood what was being said. I have one question, though: Could you explain again the relationship between Saturation and Linear/Triode region? My textbook says that the Linear region occurs as the "pinched" channel forms, and Saturation occurs when the channel is fully open, but your terms are switched?
This is such a common question (and something that confused us for a long time as well) we did a video on it! ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-o3M2sOCGCKs.html Hopefully it clarifies things.
I like your description of the functionality of the device but I would like to see the device used in a real world circuit and possibly an explanation of the benefit of why this device was chosen instead of a different (less complicated) device. Thanks for the video.
Thanks for the feedback, Bruce! We're going to include MOSFETs in our Circuits series, showing them in practical and real-world circuits - that series is currently being developed.
@dianebonkoungou4504 Hello, Thank you for your video. I have read that power MOSFETs which are vertical MOSFETs in general where the drain is at the back and the source and gate are in the same plane at the front can have a pinch too. But I wonder how to represent the reduction in channel length(pinch off see in lateral MOSFET when we have Vdsat) for vertical mosfets due to the increase in drain voltage because the drain is at the back, away from the creation of the channel position.
Can somebody explain to me how is MOSFET not a relay? Dont these do the exact same thing? And yet on the wikipedia page about relays there not a single mention about a MOSFET, only Solid-state relay, so I must be wrong. Please explain to me how am I wrong? How is a MOSFET not a realy?
Excellent question! Solid-state relays are just MOSFETs and other devices combined into a package that makes them act more like physical relays. They need these other devices for the SSR to be able to handle both AC and DC loads properly, achieve proper electrical isolation between the control signal and the load, and probably many other things that I can't think of off the top of my head. But you're spot-on that MOSFETs form the backbone of solid state relays.
Hey guys, pleas, when teaching, speak slowly, or, not quickly. Read the teleprompter SLOWER. Think about the highly technical nature and jargon spilling out of your mouth in what seems like a rapid stream of consciousness. You barely pronounced some things you were running so fast.
I believe there might be an issue with the information you provided. You mentioned that in the case of a voltage applied to the gate that is lower than the threshold voltage, it is the saturation region. However, based on my knowledge, this is not accurate. When the gate voltage is lower than the threshold, the operating region is the cutoff. It's when the voltage exceeds the threshold that we need to check the drain-source voltage. If the drain-source voltage is higher than the overdrive voltage, which is given by Vov = Vth - Vgs, then the operating region is in saturation. Otherwise, it is in the linear region.
