Written explanation and exercises: learnamo.com/come-quando-usare...
Other videos on the subjunctive:
Present and past subjunctive morphology: • CONGIUNTIVO PRESENTE e...
Imperfect and past perfect subjunctive morphology: • CONGIUNTIVO IMPERFETTO...
When NOT to use the subjunctive: • Quando NON usare il CO...
Consecutio temporum: • Consecutio Temporum It...
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In Italian the subjunctive can be used both in subordinate sentences and in main sentences.
THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN SUBORDINATE SENTENCES (almost always introduced by «CHE» or «SE»)
In subordinates, we use the subjunctive...
Along with verbs that express an opinion (credere, pensare, ritenere, supporre, immaginare, avere l’impressione che…) I think it's very cold today!
Along with verbs that express will, wish (volere, desiderare, preferire, gradire che…) He wants me to go to his house tonight.
Along with verbs that express hope or fear (sperare, augurarsi, aspettarsi / temere, aver paura che…) I hope this bad period ends soon.
Along with verbs that express uncertainty, doubt, unreality (non essere sicuri / certi, dubitare, fingere che… + non sapere, ignorare se…) I'm not sure it's the best choice. Do you doubt that I can?
Along with verbs that express mood (essere felice, essere contento, far piacere, dispiacere, rallegrarsi che…) I'm glad you're here. I'm sorry he did not have the courage to speak.
BUT!
1) If the subject of the main sentence and the subject of the dependent sentence are the same, then we don't use the subjunctive but the infinitive (preceded by «di»)!
(me) I hope you reach your goals → (me) I hope to reach my goals.
(you) Believe that he is the best → (you) Believe to be the best.
She is happy that you have come → She is happy to have come.
2) The verb "sapere" the affirmative form doesn't express uncertainty, but certainty! So it doesn't require the verb in the subjunctive, but in the indicative.
I don't know if she's the right person for that role BUT I know she's the right person for that role.
They don't know if he's right MA They know he's right.
THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN IMPERSONAL FORMS...
With impersonal verbs as bisogna, occorre, vale la pena, può darsi, si dice, pare, sembra che… You need to see a doctor for that wound. It's said that you have become rich!
With expressions formed by the verb "essere" + adjective/adverb: è importante, giusto, strano, incredibile, male, bene che… It's right that everyone pay for their mistakes.
With expressions formed by the verb "essere" + article and name: è un peccato, un’assurdità, uno scandalo che… It's a pity that Paul has to leave right now.
MOREOVER THE SUBJUNCTIVE IS USED WITH...
Conjunctions such as benchè, sebbene, nonostante, malgrado, purchè, affinchè, senza che, come se, prima che, per quanto, a condizione che… Despite being young, she doesn't like going to disco.
Chiunque, comunque, ovunque, qualsiasi, qualunque. Anyone says it's not right!
Expressions like «il più/meno…che», «più/meno ... di quanto» It's the most beautiful thing that could happen to me!
Indirect questions: They asked me if you were my sister.
After a relative pronoun when the thing or person referred to isn't specified. She looks for a man who makes her feel like a princess.
Hypothetical 2nd and 3rd type (introduced by «se») If I were rich, I would buy a villa in Cannes. If you had been awake, you would have heard the bell.
THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN MAIN PHRASES
To express a possibility or a doubt, Both is this Luca's girlfriend? → Is it possible? And is he lying to all of us? → I have a doubt
To express a wish: You can always be happy like today!
To express a desire (often introduced by "magari"): Maybe it stopped snowing!
To express an exhortation, an invitation, an order, a concession (in place of the imperative for the third person singular, plural and courtesy): Don't worry, we will solve your problem immediately → exhortation: Come here and tell me in person who hates me → invitation: Get out of here! → order: Get angry too, I am right → concession
To express a surprise, followed by exclamation: Do you know how far I have come to find you!
15 мар 2018
