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How Chaff helped saved 450 bombers from FLAK destruction - a WWII FLAK Countermeasure Unsung Hero 

WWII US Bombers
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US bombers deployed Chaff for the first time in December, 1943. The effect was profound, German gun laying radars could not accurately track or range the formation. The formations would be fired upon with inaccurate high ammo usage barrage fire. Post war surveys indicated usage of both Chaff and Carpet reduced the effectiveness radar direct FLAK fire by 75% which saved some 450 heavy bombers from destruction.

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27 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 96   
@psikogeek
@psikogeek Месяц назад
I like it when the RU-vid algorithm weeds out the chaff and shows me videos like this.
@andrewthomas5348
@andrewthomas5348 Месяц назад
My dad did this during the war. I learned a lot! Thanks.
@seafodder6129
@seafodder6129 Месяц назад
Never realized the length of the chaff determined what radar frequency it countered. Very cool info!
@witeshade
@witeshade Месяц назад
Yeah antenna length is crucial for making radios work well. That's why algorithms developed in the 90s were so revolutionary for modern technology because they figured out ways to create tiny weird shaped antennas that allowed good reception, which could then be baked right onto circuit boards and chips.
@TheOfficial007
@TheOfficial007 Месяц назад
The circumstances of the frequency correlating with length had another unique occurrence during the cold war when the US would send up spy balloons over the soviet union. The dimensions of a steel rod in the system happened to match the russian radar frequency and thus lit up their radar alerting them.
@dfirth224
@dfirth224 Месяц назад
@@witeshade This is the reason modern cars have tiny antennas on the roof instead of the old wire whip antennas on the fender that people walking by like to break off. The reception is just as good or better. I like listening to AM / medium wave stations 150 + miles away. I am surprised that the tiny antenna works just as good as the old style.
@zacharyolson1297
@zacharyolson1297 Месяц назад
😂😢​@@witeshade
@zacharyolson1297
@zacharyolson1297 Месяц назад
​@@witeshade🎉❤😢😢🎉
@randomnickify
@randomnickify Месяц назад
Me: Expecting some advanced chaff deployment system Airforce: Dumping packets through the window :D
@Roddy556
@Roddy556 Месяц назад
There were signaling flare guns that had a sort of air lock for firing out of aircraft that were kind of neat and maybe more what you were imagining
@Roddy556
@Roddy556 Месяц назад
Look up Pressurized Flare Pistols
@user-vx2vl9cr5m
@user-vx2vl9cr5m Месяц назад
So early chaff flares
@Roddy556
@Roddy556 Месяц назад
@user-vx2vl9cr5m I think the flares were strictly for signalling as there was no heat or infrared detection equipment but the delivery was more sophisticated than a hole in the wall.
@user-vx2vl9cr5m
@user-vx2vl9cr5m Месяц назад
@@Roddy556 I meant the chaff
@mrdjtoday
@mrdjtoday Месяц назад
Informative, interesting, and educating! Thank you for the great video.
@stage6fan475
@stage6fan475 Месяц назад
Thanks as usual for your diligent research. I was under the impression that chaff had worked well the first few surprise deployments, but that the Germans had switched frequencies or something to counter it. I had never heard it was such an ongoing problem.
@williamromine5715
@williamromine5715 Месяц назад
I knew chaf was used by the bombers during the war, but I didn't realize how effective it was. Considering how cheap it was, plus how many lives it saved, that guy who came up with idea, deserved not only a medal, but also a large monetary reward. It's interesting that chaf is still being used to protect bombers and fighters
@cattledog901
@cattledog901 Месяц назад
It was invented by a man named Deez
@CzechImp
@CzechImp Месяц назад
Excellent, as always. Makes me wonder how much of Western Europe became covered with chaff debris, bullet casings, and bullet clips. I always thought my diet was high in iron...!
@GreenCanoeb
@GreenCanoeb Месяц назад
My mom grew up in the Netherlands during WW II and has mentioned she and her friends would collect chaff to play with.
@iroll
@iroll Месяц назад
The Belgians still have the iron harvest every year, so you're not far off...
@anananandsdsdsds3486
@anananandsdsdsds3486 Месяц назад
In the more intensely fought-over areas, in particular the bits of France that saw the heaviest fighting of WW1, the estimated clean-up time of the worst areas is measured in _centuries_.
@twentyrothmans7308
@twentyrothmans7308 Месяц назад
My buddy in Germany goes metal detecting, finding spent munitions from the 1700s onwards. I don't know if chaff would register.
@kirotheavenger60
@kirotheavenger60 Месяц назад
​​@@twentyrothmans7308it wouldn't - chaff is non-magnetic aluminium, and metal detectors are based on magnetic fields
@dave.of.the.forrest
@dave.of.the.forrest Месяц назад
I was reading up a bit on the Kommandogerat 40 director. I'd love to see you make a video on it. Very interesting piece of kit.
@tylercarlson1659
@tylercarlson1659 Месяц назад
Well explained and extremely interesting. Actual GOV documents in the vid and vintage video is so outstanding. Easy to digest complex details on old war equipment just makes me think of how far we've come from the tech we had vs. what we hide from the public at this moment
@donbrashsux
@donbrashsux Месяц назад
The efforts in War are mind blowing what they came up with to counter the obstacles
@black_stream
@black_stream Месяц назад
Super informative, thanks for making great videos.
@Legitpenguins99
@Legitpenguins99 Месяц назад
Interesting to see how old tech is repurposed today while remaining identical in concept
@tokencivilian8507
@tokencivilian8507 Месяц назад
I don't know how you keep doing it, but, you keep hitting home runs with your vids. Great dive into the period sources on chaff. I'm looking forward to the rest of the vids teased in this one.
@snipe1973xxl
@snipe1973xxl Месяц назад
Some time ago I read that bomber crew members who were responsible for dropping "Window" bundles didn't really know what the purpose was. They were not familiar with "hi-tech stuff" like radar, etc. So they p**d on the bundles, left them close to the plane fuselage wall so that the bundles froze and dropped them like bricks, hoping that they'd cause some damage down on the ground
@revolutionhamburger
@revolutionhamburger Месяц назад
They spend enormous effort to develop radar and then some fellow tosses his empty sandwich wrappers out the window and all the electronic effort is ruined.
@dfirth224
@dfirth224 Месяц назад
The foil actually came from the makers of cigarette packages. During the War smokers wondered what happened to the foil liners. They were just told it was for the war effort.
@vrdrew63
@vrdrew63 Месяц назад
Outstanding explanation of the effectiveness of aluminium foil countermeasures during WWII. It's very helpful to see this put into a meaningful number of "saved" aircraft. I wonder if the RAF performed a similar analysis of its effectiveness in reducing night bomber losses.
@cgross82
@cgross82 Месяц назад
Fascinating! Thanks for sharing this important historical information. I always appreciate your scholarship and use of primary sources during your research.
@colinlegrys9434
@colinlegrys9434 Месяц назад
As a young boy in the 40s I remember collecting chaff, I do not know why we found it on the ground roughly between Brighton and London for us boys to collect, we would paste it together to make decorative paper chains!
@PeterOConnell-pq6io
@PeterOConnell-pq6io Месяц назад
Wonder how long after chaff got deployed it took for Germans to figure out they needed to adjust the frequency of their UHF radar emissions. Didn't realize 'Window' offered much protection from the Germans Wurzberg fire control radar directed 88mm FLAK batteries. You learn something every day.
@Wien1938
@Wien1938 Месяц назад
From memory, it took 2-3 months to figure out how to counter WINDOW. The best book I've read on this subject is "The Other Battle" by Peter Hinchcliffe.
@scottsmith2052
@scottsmith2052 Месяц назад
One of my favorite stories - the Allies invented it but didn't use it out of fear that the Axis would start using it. Likewise, the Axis invented it but didn't use it out of fear that the Allies would use it.
@givenfirstnamefamilyfirstn3935
@givenfirstnamefamilyfirstn3935 Месяц назад
Herman Goering went crazy, he demanded a cure saying the Allies would only have used it if they had effective countermeasures ready to protect themselves from copy usage by the Germans.
@davidkavanagh189
@davidkavanagh189 Месяц назад
What do you mean? They did use it, a lot.
@Roddy556
@Roddy556 Месяц назад
​@@davidkavanagh189facts
@SamBrickell
@SamBrickell Месяц назад
@@davidkavanagh189 LATER they did. The allies only start dropping chaff after the allies were certain the allied radars could burn through it. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaff_(countermeasure)#Second_World_War:~:text=For%20over%20a%20year%20the%20curious%20situation%20arose%20where%20both%20sides%20of%20the%20conflict%20knew%20how%20to%20use%20chaff%20to%20jam%20the%20other%20side%27s%20radar%20but%20had%20refrained%20from%20doing%20so%20for%20fear%20of%20their%20opponent%20replying%20in%20kind.)
@grizwoldphantasia5005
@grizwoldphantasia5005 Месяц назад
@@davidkavanagh189 They delayed it 18 months.
@WillN2Go1
@WillN2Go1 Месяц назад
So is there any relationship between the end of WWII, and the decline of the 'chaff' business, and the use of aluminum foil 'tinsel' on Christmas trees?
@dfirth224
@dfirth224 Месяц назад
Where do you think aluminum foil came from after the war? Reynolds Wrap, TV Dinner trays, etc. Before the war aluminum foil was only used to line cigarette packages.
@jimmiller5600
@jimmiller5600 Месяц назад
Great video. Thank you!
@jbrown7403
@jbrown7403 Месяц назад
Thank you! Really interesting!
@robertmoyse4414
@robertmoyse4414 Месяц назад
On the night of 27-28 Feb 1942 British paratroops dropped on Bruneval, over ran the garrison, stole the critical bits of a Wurzburg radar, loaded them onto a landing craft and took them back home for the boffins to play with. Window/chaff was the one result of the raid.
@timlucas4014
@timlucas4014 Месяц назад
I think the size of the chaff was the result.... They worked out the operating freq off the radar
@Graham-ce2yk
@Graham-ce2yk Месяц назад
@@timlucas4014 It also gave them some idea of what if any countermeasures to such things were fitted to the radar (None) and the quality of the operators (Not good) since they captured at least one of those.
@ryanprosper88
@ryanprosper88 Месяц назад
I recently watched a video about the strategy of not having gunners in bombers and how that could've saved lives. Couple gunnerless nighttime bombers at high altitudes with chaff screening to confuse flak, bombers could have saved a lot of resources and been more effective.
@lscott6088
@lscott6088 Месяц назад
Great facts!
@rring44
@rring44 Месяц назад
I wonder if it would have been effective to send out pairs of very high altitude P-51s who would drop chaff at various intervals all around the routes bombers would be flying. I bet it would cause some confusion for the air defenses seeing radar returns everywhere.
@gort8203
@gort8203 Месяц назад
The chaff was most useful in keeping heavy AAA from accurately targeting the bomber formations rather than deceiving the defenses as to their location. Some time after the P-51 escorts were available in numbers the USAAF often stopped trying to deceive the Luftwaffe about the locations of the bomber formations. The overarching strategy was to destroy the Luftwaffe, so they wanted to attract the intercepting fighters on to the bomber escorts so they could be shot down.
@glennheth3472
@glennheth3472 Месяц назад
6:02 They actually did experiment with sending P-38's over the target to lay chaff ahead of the formation.
@michrain5872
@michrain5872 Месяц назад
Window out the window!
@kenbb99
@kenbb99 Месяц назад
Big flak attack knocked back by a foil pack
@user-mj9fp6ox2j
@user-mj9fp6ox2j Месяц назад
We also called it “window” and collected it to swop at school.
@lachbullen8014
@lachbullen8014 Месяц назад
Question are you ever going to do a video on about early electronic warfare and early airborne detection...?
@matthew09ify
@matthew09ify Месяц назад
The RAF called it window
@Allan_aka_RocKITEman
@Allan_aka_RocKITEman 8 дней назад
CHAFF: Radars _foiled_ again...😉
@joeperson4792
@joeperson4792 Месяц назад
Still used today to distract some type of missiles. That are radar guided.
@myradavis2599
@myradavis2599 Месяц назад
US experimented with a foil wing that was released, rapidly falling to the ground, looking like a damaged plane trying to glide in safely. Idea was abandoned quickly.
@NathanDudani
@NathanDudani Месяц назад
Window
@joeminella5315
@joeminella5315 Месяц назад
👍👍👍👍👍
@karansingh1154
@karansingh1154 Месяц назад
How successful would an ac130 like gunship would have been as a bomber destroyer?
@gort8203
@gort8203 Месяц назад
It would have been shot down by escorts before it came within range of the bombers. If the bombers were unescorted it would have been shot down by them if it came with range of their defensive armament.
@alexandruraresdatcu
@alexandruraresdatcu Месяц назад
How can chaff reduce effectivity by 75%, something doesnt add up, shouldn't it be above 90%? Looking from the German perspective a clear sky kill takes 2500 rounds and a chaffed sky takes 25000 to 40000 to get a kill, that is about 95% effectivity reduction..??...
@herschelmayo2727
@herschelmayo2727 Месяц назад
A myth. All the radar operators did was switch to a frequency not sffected by the chaff
@grizwoldphantasia5005
@grizwoldphantasia5005 Месяц назад
There's no dial to select the frequency.
@mkaustralia7136
@mkaustralia7136 Месяц назад
The Germans did not seem to have that ability given the competition
@robertmoyse4414
@robertmoyse4414 Месяц назад
I've not seen any German source saying that. What's your original source?
@gort8203
@gort8203 Месяц назад
He has no source, he's just making stuff up to get attention.
@danlowe8684
@danlowe8684 Месяц назад
@@gort8203 I just made a post, with the source being physicist Freeman Dyson - a statistician at Bomber Command, as to the very short time that this technique worked.
@1joshjosh1
@1joshjosh1 Месяц назад
Chaff is probably bad for the environment
@mtmcgeeful
@mtmcgeeful 5 дней назад
So is war in general if my guess is correct
@SeattleJeffin
@SeattleJeffin Месяц назад
Very informative. I really appreciate your diligent research in all of your videos
@Roddy556
@Roddy556 Месяц назад
I feel like you actually learn something
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