How do CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS work? Application of the Bernoulli Equation 

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How do centrifugal pumps work?
What are centrifugal pumps for?
And what are the basic principles of their functioning?
We wil find out in this lesson
The centrifugal pump is the most commonly used pump, both in the industrial and civil sectors
This type of pump converts rotational energy of its impeller to energy in a moving fluid. So it transforms the mechanical energy coming from its engine first into kinetic energy and then into hydrodynamic energy in a moving fluid.
The basic principle of centrifugal pumps is to transport volumes of fluid from a region of low pression to a region of high pressure.
Thanks to this scheme we are able to understand how this happens.
At the bottom of this scheme we notice the first reservoir containing a fluid, in this case water.
This reservoir represents our region of low pressure, while the reservoir at the top represents our region of high pressure
Thanks to the functioning of the centrifugal pump and of its inner impeller, the water will be transferred from the lower reservoir, up to the higher reservoir.
Initially a part of water is already present inside the pump and when the impeller start rotating, the water is cut off by its blades creating a region of low pressure.
The pressure inside the pump is much lower than the pressure inside the lower reservoir, so there is a consistent difference between point A and point D.
Thanks to this pressure difference the water is sucked into the pipe and flows from the lower reservoir, up to the pump.
Now I'm going to explain to you how the water flows from the pump to the upper reservoir, thanks to the rotary motion of its inner impeller. To do it, I will use the Bernoulli equation.

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