How do they build tunnels through mountains, Amazing modern tunnels construction  

#tunnelboringmachine #underwatertunnel #tunnelboring
How tunnels are made in mountain?
Similarly to general tunnel construction, the Chuo Shinkansen project uses the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) in mountainous areas. This method sprays concrete on excavated surfaces to form a lining, and uses bolts and concrete to reinforce the surrounding rock masses and integrate them into natural ground.
Currently, the more common way to construct tunnels is a tunnel boring machine (TBM). A TBM is a cylindrical machine with a cross section designed to cut through many types of soil and rock
How do tunnels not collapse?
The mountain material is solid and strong enough not to collapse the hole, or the hole is lined with reinforcement that transfers load from one side to the other. This is now iron/steel rings or reinforced concrete. Tunnel boring machines build the liners as they progress, and push forward using the last ring.
Tunnel waterproofing systems are constructed in open-cast or underground mining and are sealed with geomembranes to prevent water from entering after the concrete lining has been completed.

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