How England and Spain Failed to Destroy Each Other - Early Modern History 

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"Clearly our writer is badly in need of a long-overdue flogging", I appreciated that.

Today: wages are sinking by 12% Then : wages are sinking

Alvaro de Bazan was perhaps the greatest admiral at the time, having defeated the Ottomans, French, English, and Portuguese on all occasions--never defeated. If he hadn't died the Spanish Armada could have succeeded. An admiral for 50 years, I don't think Alvaro would have made the boneheaded mistakes Medina de Sidona did.

1:13: "Dump his wife." I applaud Charles for defending the interests of his aunt and cousin.

"How England and Spain failed to destroy each other" truly is the perfect title for this video.

"Nobody expects the Spanish infiltration" at about 35 mins... ::: chef's kiss:::

"Lutheran Chickens!" is my new favorite war cry.

Philip II got the Kublai Khan Treatment concerning his Armadas

"The English plan was to take Santander, Lisbon, and the Azores" _the English abandon Santander for deeming it too defended, and instead attack the smaller Coruña_ _the English are then ROUTED from Coruña by a force of civilians and some marines_ _the English then decide 'you know what? I think we can still besiege the much larger capital city of Lisbon'_ bruh.

31:46 NEVER try to cross the bridge when you are the defender. The Total War series has taught us this lesson many times.

I am not the smartest person int the world but these videos teach me so much. Thank you

Aguilla and Padilla sounds like a delicious entree. Also, it's fun to hear about rain being the great defender of England.

It would be really cool if you made a big documentary about the 80 years war and the Dutch-Portuguese war

I always seem to forget that Spain use to be that close to England

I love the bits of British humor scattered throughout the writing. Very informative and entertaining video!

Amazing as always! Thanks for your hard work KnG!

5:12 when i say this is the best little bit of narration this channel has put out, i want to emphasize just how well every K&G video is narrated. Outstanding understated delivery

The title feels like such shade to both sides, i love it.

Wow.. loving the new visuals and presentation. Good JOB Kings and Generals. xx

So often do people talk about the rivalry between England and France, but never about England's second biggest rivalry, the one with Spain. Even before England's split with Catholicism.

Weather was main villain of this story.

As always, brilliant presentation!

I very much enjoyed your video and I gave it a Thumbs Up

An excellent account of the events that took place . Watching this right after the Hundred Years War and the War of roses 🌹 gives a lot of context and continuity. As usual , keep up the good work K&G

again you deliver us a masterpiece

No one expects the Spanish infiltration! Nice :)

"May the 4th, Spanish Empire struck back." ... Nod

I adore how Devin says harquebusiers.

The most notorious addition was the Duran Duran joke

i love this videos would it be possible to name the literature used for these videos in the video description? im studying history and once in a while i would like to take a look into the information and maybe use it for own works afterwards since these videos always give me interest to do something about the said things aswell

The Spanish had very good military leaders and military. They really were during their hey day the best.

Francis Drake is the most important English commander of all time imo. Closely followed by Wellington and Nelson.

Very good, thanks v much

Cool, we need more stuff from this time period.

Such a cool documentary! Quick question will the remastered Diadochi wars end at ipsus or keep talking about the Diadochi in the decades after?

This video was very informative and interesting. I watched it the whole way through and it didn’t even felt like it was long despite it being over one hour long. Could you please do a video about the Second Sino-Japanese War?

On his raid on Cadiz, Drake destroyed the best barrels for water(the older ones), that inflicted more damage to the campaing than all the other attacks because everything had to be delayed,. Also, new barrels were not able to hold water properly (that's why it got spoiled). Drake knew really well what he was doing in Cadiz. P.S. I love the long videos, thank you so much!

Great historical account. History in general is interesting.

The Anglo-Spanish War wasn't merely a draw, contrary to the portrayal in this documentary; rather, it stood as a resounding victory for Spain. By 1604, the battered English economy could no longer withstand the relentless strain of maritime warfare, leading to the signing of the Treaty of London. England yielded to all Spanish demands: it renounced support for the Dutch rebels, opened the English Channel to Spanish maritime traffic, and put a stop to the activities of privateers in the Atlantic Ocean. Viewed as a defeat by the English themselves at the time, the treaty sparked a failed attempt to overthrow King James I. Consequently, the pirate Sir Walter Raleigh, who had defied both the treaty and the king's orders by persisting in his futile attempts to assault Spanish vessels, faced execution.

Please We Need More Of These Long Documentaries 1 Every 2 Weeks At Least To Fill The Gap Of The Days Without Your Videos... I Became Addicted To Eat Dinner While Watching Your Work & Stories ❤

Wheat grains can be eaten after sprouted, they do not need to be milled into flour for bread. If Norris had done that, his men would’ve been better fed.

This is brilliant as always! I hope you'll consider doing a video on the Franco-Spanish War in the future.

Can you make a video about ghurids and battles of Tarain 🙏

If I may, even if it's not much. On the map at 7:40, you show some cities in France. Lorient wasn't founded then (founded in 1666). It's "easy" (if you know its background) to be aware of because the city was founded to receive the trade from Asia, hence the name (L'orient = the East).

RIP durran durran bass player lol 1:12:10

Excellent video.

In the spring of 1589, Elizabeth I of England authorizes the formation of an armada of about 150 ships and 25,000 men, directed against Spain, to take advantage of the failure of the Spanish Great Armada of the previous year. Command of the fleet is given to Drake and that of the landing forces to John Norreys. The objectives of the company were: to destroy the Spanish ships surviving from the disaster of 1588; take Lisbon and enthrone the prior of Crato, a Portuguese claimant to the Portuguese crown in 1580, who had been defeated and expelled by Philip II; occupy the Azores islands and convert them into an English base in the Atlantic, from which they can capture the Spanish Indies fleets and wrest control of the trade routes to the New World from Spain. The Contra Armada: this was the greatest Spanish naval victory over England that almost no one tells about. After the fiasco of the Invincible Armada, Isabel I wanted to take advantage of Spain's weakness to destroy the remains of our fleet. England, however, suffered its greatest catastrophe on the sea. There is no doubt that the main battle that Spain has lost throughout its history is that of propaganda and storytelling. Its success on the battlefield or in the seas of half the world has always been counteracted by that black legend, or by the “fake news”, as we would say now, which has inflated the negative and has detracted from so many deeds. and achievements of our country. A clear case is that of the Invincible Armada, named after the English who knew how to sell it as a great victory and, at the same time, a historic defeat for the Spain of Philip II, and which was neither one nor the other, or not at all. less how they have tried to sell it to us. At the same time, the English have also known how to hide their many defeats against the Spanish, in such a way that their own historians have tiptoed through many of them, without Spain being able to sell its story. This is the case of what many have called the Invincible Contra Armada, in what was Spain's greatest naval victory over England, occurring just one year after the defeat of the fleet sent by Philip II to invade the island. The English have referred to it as the English Armada, the Contra Armada or the Drake-Norreys Expedition, since it was commanded by Francis Drake and John Norreys, as general of the landing troops. It was Elizabeth I's response to Philip II. If the Hispanic Monarchy tried to invade British lands, the Queen of England did not want to be less and, in the spring of 1589, within the framework of the Anglo-Spanish War of 1585-1604. The objective was to take advantage of Spain's supposed weakness after the failure of the Grande y Felicísima Armada the previous year and destroy the remains of our fleet, many of whose ships were under repair in the ports of the Cantabrian coast, mainly in Santander. According to the historian and writer Luis Gorrochategui in his book “Contra Armada. Spain's greatest victory over England", Elizabeth I, to take advantage of Spain's vulnerability, "paved the crown and embarked shipowners, nobles and merchants on that unfortunate adventure. In this way she managed to gather a gigantic fleet, made up of 180 ships and 27,667 men, therefore larger than the Great Navy itself. The strategy was very clear: he had to exploit Philip II's momentary weakness to the maximum, since 25 large ships had been shipwrecked in the waters of Scotland and Ireland on the return trip of the Great Armada. Furthermore, most of the 102 returnees needed complete repair.”

Brits will always underplay the Portuguese loyalty to the Windsor treaty

Missed the lose of England on the invasión of Cartagena de Indias in coast of Nueva Granda - América

Amazing, I think myself a well studied student of history, and yet I had not heard of most of these counter invasions. I thought it was essentially just the (first) Spanish Armada, then English privateering and a occasional pitched naval battles.

Gracias desde España / Thank you from Spain A really interesting video and non-partisan. Only history, without Pink or Black Legend. I really enjoy your content, let's go, I hope to watch other documentary about the 80 Years War!

At least 70% of ships were named revenge something

Spain was, therefore, relatively defenseless against a large-scale attack that, in addition, had a second objective: to take Lisbon and enthrone the prior of Crato, Antonio de Crato, claimant to the Portuguese Crown and cousin of Philip II, who was traveling with the expedition. Crato offered Isabel I, among many other things, to hand over the main Portuguese castles to England and maintain the English garrison at the expense of Portugal, as well as allowing Lisbon to be sacked for 12 days, as long as the property and lives of the Portuguese were respected. Portuguese and the looting was limited to the population and property of other Hispanics. England also hoped to take the Azores islands, so that they would serve as a permanent base in the Atlantic from which to attack Spanish convoys coming from America. However, and despite the fact that the English monarchy put all its effort into making that mission a success and representing a real coup to become the greatest European power of the time, the operation ended in total defeat. unprecedented for the English. Thus, in spring, (according to the military and historian Hugo O'Donnell y Duque de Estrada in an article in La Razón), the English fleet “set to sea in Plymouth towards the Spanish coasts, but without a detailed plan and rigorous as that of the "Invincible", whose rigidity had been blamed for its failure. Among those embarked were a thousand "gentlemen of fortune" and adventurers, and Elizabeth's favorite, the Earl of Essex, to her great indignation. Disobedience to his orders was going to be a constant in the campaign.” At that time, most of the large Spanish ships, such as the Portuguese galleons - the fearsome “cagafogos” - with the captain “San Martín” and a good part of the squadrons of Valdés, Flores, Oquendo and Recalde , were still under repair in Santander and other ports. For this reason, the English fleet decided to take La Coruña and, with this re-embarkation dock secured, advance to Santiago to obtain the greatest votive treasure of Christianity. “Meanwhile, the Spanish espionage service - through the “confidants” of Alejandro Farnesio in Flanders and the ambassador Bernardino de Mendoza in Paris - had already reported on the preparations, which were interpreted, erroneously, as an attempt against the kingdoms of the Indies,” explains O'Donnell. During the entire first fortnight of May and under the command of the Marquis of Cerralbo, the wall resisted the successive attacks against all odds, defended with great tenacity by its militias and volunteers - María Pita would go down in the pantheon of heroes on this occasion - until Francis Drake, fearful of the royal wrath, ordered to weigh anchor at the moment when the reinforcements, arriving from all sides and once grouped, threatened to besiege the besiegers. The English colonel Anthony Wingfield, chronicler, at other times partial, of the feat, for his part would recognize the exemplary resistance. “Discouraged and their forces diminished, the time lost in La Coruña would be essential to prepare the defense of Lisbon, where the factor of surprise had disappeared and compliance with Don Felipe - Felipe I for them - was generalized and where the lack of consistency and topicality of the interested reports from Dom Antonio,” explains the soldier and historian. According to Gorrochategui's account in his work, “having lost 1,500 men and with several thousand wounded, Drake set sail for Lisbon, now as planned. But the Contra Armada, deflowered in Galicia, had lost morale and did not launch a frontal attack by sea as had been planned. Norris landed the bulk of the army in Peniche, beginning a painful 70-kilometer land expedition to the outskirts of the Portuguese capital; while Drake would go down and wait in Cascais with the fleet to synchronize naval and land attacks." At this point, Philip II had already defended the Portuguese capital well and kept a sufficient number of companies outside the walls to harass the enemy, cut off their communications, develop scorched earth tactics and subject them to continuous attrition. In this way, a force of 5,000 men awaited Norris's men who, in several actions, caused numerous deaths, among them Colonel Brett's regiment, who died along with his captains. Norris tried to flee, but was discovered and the Spanish began their pursuit along the Tagus in galleys and by land. Finally in Cascaes and sheltered in the shelter of their fleet, the English were surrounded. “The Adelantado of Castile Martín de Padilla then arrived at the site with more galleys and six fire ships - or incendiary ships - ready to launch the English. Drake, urged, ordered to set sail without waiting for a favorable wind. Padilla followed him, caught up and attacked on June 20 in front of Cape Espichel, at the mouth of the Tagus. The Contra Armada lost seven other ships, damaged many more, and dispersed. Philip II would rightly boast that the enemy had received "a lot of damage on land and also at sea, riddled with diseases." During the return, the English ships constantly threw those who died from the plague overboard, day after day, which ended up undermining the crews' will to fight. Having already lost the opportunity to surprise the Spanish Indies fleet, already reinforced by the Santander galleons, once rehabilitated, Drake's fleet desisted from attacking Bayonne, although they did enter the Vigo estuary, plundering the area. The Spanish response was firm: 200 Englishmen were captured and hanged in full view of Drake. Tired and defeated, Drake flees and returns with what remains of his great fleet to England: of the 180 ships that had set sail, 102 returned with many of their men infected by the plague suffered at sea and which they spread when they came ashore. Of the 27,667 men who had embarked, only 3,722 survived to claim their pay. “English and Spanish sources agree on such large figures, which turn this expedition - whose losses doubled those of the one “baptized” by Elizabeth I Burghley's advisor as the Invincible Armada - into the greatest naval catastrophe in the history of England. This episode, which has remained hidden for centuries, has, paradoxically, an extraordinary significance, since it explains the survival of Ibero-America as we know it today. Before returning, Drake, Norris and Essex had to mobilize their most influential friends to secure their heads. England would change its strategy, focusing its aggression against the ports of the Caribbean and the isthmus of Panama, given that an attack on the peninsular soil proved unfeasible. Spain, which had learned its lesson a year earlier, would do so with respect to the "soft belly" of its rival: Ireland.

At one point you said the English could fire each cannon 3 times in an hour and the Spanish once in an hour. Did you mean in a minute, because otherwise that seems too slow to do anything?

When playing Europa Universalis i always thought ship attrition was ridiculous and bad game dev design. After watching this i realize i had no idea about the logistics and the game is actually quite friendly with the player

Spain not failed , Spain win the war and the treaty of peace of 1604 agree this point.

why I am thinking constantly about anjin-san from the tv show shogun when I watch this documentary haha

I love how the title is a jab to the lingering triumphalism between both sides... Way to go, K&G!

Pensar que Inglaterra le podía ganar una guerra a España en esa época es irracional, es como pensar que España le pueda ganar una guerra a Inglaterra ahora. La batalla perdida fue culpa del mal tiempo que dañaron mucho barcos e Inglaterra tomó la derrota por causa de la tormenta como propaganda para decir que le ganaron a España

Elizabeth dies in 1603 btw

Why do you hide what happened in 1595? The Spanish Raid on West Cornwall - In July 1595, Spanish soldiers landed in West Cornwall and attacked the settlements of Mousehole, Paul, Penzance and Newlyn. The attack was part of the conflict between Catholic Spain and Protestant England. - It was decided to organize a punitive expedition for the help of the English to France and on July 26, 1595, four galleys sailed from Blavet with four hundred soldiers from Don Juan de Águila's third (three companies) commanded by Don Carlos, his captain. of Amésquita (called Amézola by the historian Fernández Duro).

its interesting to see how the narrator is quite biased towards the british version of the war

It’s a terrifying prospect to think how successful the Spanish armadas would’ve been against England had it not been for the unusually coincidental storms that prevented them from landing to begin with.

Great video, y'all! I've heard about the Spanish disaster but i didn't know the english had also tried and failed multiple times. It was a pretty balanced war, both sides got big wins and big losses!

Lengthier than most,, as thoroughness requires. Thanks for this upload.

The Reflex-Flex-Flex-Flex-Flex :-D

that quote killed me

Be nice to have a treatment of the Dutch rebellion that became intertwined with the Anglo-Spanish War, as well as the succession war in France.

Can someone experienced in sailing please explain to me why weather was so deadly and obnoxious at this point in history compared to much later in the early 1700s and on?

"The aguila had landed." Niceee

The skeleton crew of the fireships, did they "kamikazed" themselfs or did they jump seconds before impact?

very enjoyable and funny

"A certain skill called 'strategy'"

Born and Bred Plymouth boy, so much great history in my city! Awesome stuff

Armadagedon... Duran Duran jokes... you guys need a vacation. :D :D ;)

Question. What's the source for the rate of fire of the cannons on Spanish and English ships respectively (3-4 shots per gun per hour for UK and 1 shot per cannon per hour for Spain)? That seems incredibly slow, was really surprising to me. Thanks in advance!

I love how they are always declining politely 😂

Its like the storm was waiting there for the next armada to destroy

Hahahaha. This one is full of cheeky jokes. Awesome. Ausgezeichnet.

Would love to see a documentary by K&G on the Portuguese-Dutch War. It was concurrent with the "Spanish"-British War and it was rather unique.

No one expects the Spanish infiltration. Classic

rendering issues on the sails of the ships in the ending animation. great video otherwise though K&G I love this channel

whats the music at 8:15? really wanna know

Can you make a video about the northern crusades. The crusades that took place on Estonia and Latvia the last pagan outposts in Europe.

Hey Kings and Generals, I have a suggestion I want you to do a series whether it’s week by week or something else, can you do the Great War or World War I series since it’s going to be 110 years since WWI began? That’ll be incredible to see besides Indy Neidell’s Great War coverage since 2014-2018. Please let me know what you think and thank you.

In your world, Austria, Saxony, Bavaria and Switzerland are not part of the HRE?

What a complete fuster cluck.

What do you use to make the animations?

This is really random but I've never seen Portugal as pink before, it's always green or blue in maps/games, regardless amazing video as always

Does anyone know the sources for this video?

0:30 the city Groningen is in the wrong location. I think it has been switched up with a place called Leeuwarden. Groningen is a bit more east irl. Oh weird, it's correct at 1:00

"None/never... the less" & "however" I occasionally enjoy this channel. *edit: still a thumbs up 👍

Impressive team crafting authentic and compelling content as endorsed by reputable historians.

It's Armadageddon!!!😁

Would love some irish history videos soon, especially on Munster we have so much written history in the annals

good video

Can't help but wonder if the two English Admirals mentioned during and immediately after the first naval engagement, Seymour & Howard have any kinship to two of Elizabeth's father, Henry VIII's, unfortunate wives? Although both are common English surnames, obviously.

Armadageddon 😂

Bet ending to a video ever.😂