How has the Falklands War changed Argentina, 40 years on? - BBC News 

- the English discovered the islands in 1690 - the English founded port Egmont in 1766 - Argentina was founded in 1816 - the majority of the population is of British ancestry - the island voted 99.80% to remain British - the fascist Argentinian government invaded under baseless claims and lost why is this even a discussion

The Argentine government used the dispute with the islands as a way to distract from their internal problems, and it worked.

Get the island... "back"? The islanders are British, have always been British, speak English, and have no interest of being ruled by Buenos Aires. Spain has more claim to the islands than Argentina and yet they still hold no claim. It's time for the Argentines to move on.

You cannot "get back" something you never owned.

“Why do the English have to come so far to occupy some land?” Well……..are Argentinians going back to Spain then?

Can I just point something out: the first Englishman, Captain John Strong, in 1690, landed on the Falklands, just ahead of the French in 1701. The country of Argentina wasn't established until 1816. There are lots of countries that have islands as colonies. The Reunion is in the indian ocean next to Mauritius yet it actually constitutes part of France. It's not a French colony, it's actually part of France. Spain has far-flung islands that are part of the Spanish state. Why are the Argentinians so hung up about the Falklands, occupied by the British before Argentina was even a country. It's also entirely occupied by Brits.

I love how it always defaults to 'it's us vs imperilists' There is nothing imperialistic about the UK's claim to the islands, which is based yes on the history (first confirmed landing was carried out by John Strong in 1690), but more importanrly, on the consent of the islanders It is in fact Argentina that is acting imperialistic in this case

Dear Argentina…you never had the islands. Get over it.

As an argentinian i needed to say that i completely repudiate war no matter where it is, and i also feel this country should move on from something that happened long ago because of the desicion that our drunks and militar dicatators took. But there is no need to be a xenophobe like i saw in most of the comments. A big hug to those who lost someone and the english or argentinian reading this. Lots of respect for both cultures.

I don't understand how you can invade somewhere that wasn't yours to begin with, lose and have many men on both sides killed and still feel anger to the people you attacked...

What’s interesting to me is that the popular fervour for the claim came during and after the war. The war really wrenched Argentine nationalism and the islands together by creating this deep sense that the patria was not yet complete, that Argentina’s destiny was not yet fulfilled. It’s interesting that the Falklands fervour in Argentina today is actually rather modern in its popularity and populist edge.

When you defeat an enemy so badly that there still salty about it 40 years later

"waning power of dictator, inexperienced soldiers with the wrong guns" sounds awfully familiar

Let's not forget that it was Argentina that invaded the Falklands, and started the war. They captured and imprisoned the local residents, and it was then that the British forces engaged the Argentinian army. Let's get the facts right. Sadly, for the Argentinians, it was their own government, who was responsible, for the loss of life.

Parts of northern Argentina were taken from Paraguay 150 years ago. Would Argentina give it back if Paraguay demands? I don´t think so. It doesn´t matter the past. What matters is that for 142 years (from their Independence in 1818 up to 1960) they had done nothing. After such a long time, the Falklands are now British. The time lapse between the fact and your claim is observed even for private matters. The legal system of many countries states that if someone ocupies your property and you do nothing, after some time you lose it forever.

3:30 little does she know, millions of Brits were saying the same 😂😂

I agree with the comment pointing out that the question the interviewer keeps asking "... Argentina getting BACK the island" is fundamentally incorrect. Argentina never held the Island in the first place as it was claimed by the Spanish and it was UNINHABITED before. Inhabitants of the island now are 99% against being part of Argentina. I believe that their opinion is most important.

The people of the island voted, they chose the UK. Unfortunately in their eyes, Argentina was an aggressive invader and they wouldn’t accept them.

I have a question. Argentina states it inherited the Islands from Spain, as it claims it was part of the Spanish vice royalty of the Rio de Plata territory they inherited when they got their unilateral independence from Spain from 1810-1816. What we now know of as Uruguay and Bolivia was also part of that land. So why then does Bolivia claim it later got its independence from Spain and not Buenos Aires?

I remember my grandmother said that a friend of my grandfather's volunteered in the war she didn't say which side but he came back traumatized from there, before you ask, I'm not from the south but from the extreme north of Brazil and idk why he decided to flight for a rock that isn't ours, I also remember that an aunt of mine was always talking about Mrs Thatcher being the Iron Lady and that the war had gone on for years (she certainly doesn't remember that it lasted 74 days).

Taking the Falklands against the wishes of its population, now THAT would be 21st century imperialism, Mr. President of Argentina.

The Falklands were British before Argentina was even a nation state.

The Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges described the war as "a fight between two bald men over a comb". LMAO!!!

This was a great video and an interesting issue

Interesting documentary. In my opinion, as an Argentinean, I think the irrational spirit behind the Falklands / Malvinas claim is well represented here. We could say that mine is as "free" as any other country in the Western World -and in general terms we Argentines are far from being nationalistic. However, the "Malvinas cause" revives an irrational fervour, where we don't know exactly what the implications of our claim are. I see it in some people like a sick, passionate thing, similar to our sick passion for football. Here our rationality breaks down. As I said, I feel free to express myself in my country but I'm afraid to say this since "Malvinas" is a deep wound with strong nationalist (irrational) elements. We have no doubt that the 1982 invasion is the condemnable action of a fascist government. That nationalist fervour is today, 40 years later, irrational and unacceptable. As Argentines, we can discuss the past: whether "British colonialism", whether the first "owner" was Argentina or Britain, whether geographical proximity, and so on - but there is a moral (most important) aspect that we're leaving aside. If our claim is a form of "justice" against British colonialism, we must start by accepting history and respecting the will of those who live on the islands. The opposite of colonialism would be the freedom of people to choose. A land is, first and foremost, the people who live on it and they (in this case) identify themselves as British citizens. We Argentines have no right to impose another flag, other institutions, another identity on them: to "Argentinise" the Falklanders would also be a form of colonialism. I believe the problem of land management is complex and there are many issues to be addressed but if we wish to "do justice", we must begin by interpreting the facts clearly and respecting the will and freedom of every person in the world. We can discuss everything else on the basis of respecting this moral and rational principle. My regards to my British friends - and please pardon my English.

You don't get to claim that you own a territory, when clearly the island's inhabitants voted 99% in favor of being under British rule.

I wonder how Argentinians feel about/ have the same opinions, about returning stolen lands to the mapuche people in the south?

He used the phrase "getting the islands back" - they never had them in the first place. British settlers were there before Argentina existed. Argentine governments bring it up every time they want a distraction from a poor economy.

The fact that this topic remains so prominent in Argentine society is just sad. Just imagine if Germany, after all the blood shed, was still coveting the Sudetenland.

The greatest irony regarding the aftermath of the Falklands war in Argentine politics is that just a decade prior, the previous government in London before thatcher came into power considered the Falklands to be a worthless remnant of the empire that the heavily downsized post ww2 royal navy had to waste it's very limited resources defending and was even considering giving them up. Had Argentina waited another decade or two there's a strong chance the UK would have volunteerly handed them over had the labour party been in power mostly to free up funding but no, that would have been too easy. Well, good job Argentina, now the UK is never going to give it up mostly to spite you, and offshore gas deposites have been discovered in recent years so it turns out the Falklands aren't so worthless after all. But at the end of the day the Argentine government pretty much exclusively relies on the Falklands dispute to distract their population whenever their volatile as hell economy sinks to a progressively deeper rock bottom so it's not like they actually want the current status quo to change either I suppose.

As the years have passed since the Falklands War, I find myself reflecting on the events that unfolded on the island. The passage of time has allowed me to contemplate the impact of war on individuals and families, transcending borders. In the midst of conflict, it’s essential to acknowledge the profound loss experienced by those on both sides. Your loved one, a brave Argentine soldier, displayed courage and dedication during those challenging times. Their sacrifice, like that of many others, is a somber reminder of the human cost of war. May the passage of four decades bring a measure of solace and peace to you and your family. As we collectively strive for understanding and reconciliation, let us honor the memories of those who are no longer with us, fostering a hope for a future marked by unity and empathy.

The song that the Argentina football team sang "muchachos" during the world cup mentions Malvinas.

Sending young Argentine, untrained and unmotivated conscripts into battle against the 2nd largest military in Nato was never gonna end well...

Would be interesting to explore the meaning of colonialism in this context. There wasn't a huge economic benefit or abuse of local area or population (there were no people there). Everyone there identifies as British subjects. This isn't Jamaica or other colonies that were oppressed.

You should talk with Nicolas Kazansew, he worked at a TV and he stayed in the islands the whole war

多謝BBC報導

This topic is weird, Argentina was created by displacing the natives and then a stronger nation shows up and now they're the victims somehow. It's like occupiers vs occupiers.

Surprising how deluded the Argentines still are it's a bit sad really time to move on

Makes you proud to be British.

Sorry Argentina 🇦🇷 from Nepal 🇳🇵

The irony of a lady (speaking Spanish and most likely of Spanish decent) saying ''why do the English come so far to occupy a place that isn't their's'' is absolutely hilarious 😂😂 The British claimed the land before Argentina was even a country, no people were Iiving on rhe Falkland islands, plus their Argentinian ancestors took the land from the natives 😂👍🏼🇫🇰🇫🇰🇫🇰🇫🇰

I was a teenager and I remember the national media saying we were winning the war. My father always look for Radio Colonia from Uruguay and we knew we were loosing. Hurtful and shameful time!

The amount of cope in one video is unbelievable

when some barren islands are the symbol of your nation, you probably have bigger problems to worry about

The people whose families have lived there for 150+ years are the ones who should decide and they ALL want to be under British control. British people don't have any bad feeling for Argentinians, we have moved on, so should Argentina.

interesting history. however why didn't the reporter tell mainland Argentines that the people of the Falkland voted to remain with Britain??? seems one sided reporting.

The Falklands didn't make Argentine unstable, they did it themselves. The amount of neglect the government had towards their armed forces and economy has led to the rapid decline of value in the Peso. They're greduaply becoming more unstable.

Not all Argentines think the same way, there is the 0.01% of us who can spell, add, subtract and realize that the islands are called the Falkland Islands.. and that they are not part of Argentina. The polititians are always expoiting Argentine Nationalism with this one.

As a Brit, I sympathise with Argentineans because it must not be a pleasant position to be in and I try to be as objective as possible. However it's fairly clear that the country's only concern is claiming the land for national pride - and possibly oil or fishing rights(?), if my memory serves me - They aren't concerned about the 99% of people (apparently) who live there and don't want to be Argentinian. For that reason, if this is the case, you have to see any attempt at a takeover as being an invasion on peace and democracy. If the Island inhabitants wanted to be Argentineans, I'd be the first to welcome the change... I'd suggest not teaching this rhetoric in your schools and winding up future generations with this immovable problem. It has only caused pain and suffering and that's all it will do. It's not very productive after all.

How do Argentinians blame the UK for killing their soldiers in a war they started? Lol

Couldn’t bring myself to hate Argentina they gave us Sergio Aguero 💙

For the people on the island, it must be so scary, to have an entire country want to destroy you.

There is perhaps some irony in the Argentine claims as they seem to aspire to neo-colonialism themselves. As invading and annexing an island whose citizens voted 99.8% in favour of remaining Britons is, among other elements, the very definition of colonialism. So long as Falklanders wish to remain British, there simply is no valid argument for any change in possession. The only argument that has been put forward is irrational. If the Falklands lie on the same sub-terrain as Argentina and are therefore attached below see level, when might Britain claim sovereignty over Europe, as it too, is attached in the same fashion? While Britain has not forgotten, it has fought a thousand wars and won most of them, so it's only natural that this conflict is well in its past. In the meantime, when will Argentina move on and realise that their attachment to this conflict is entirely misplaced?

You can't 'get back' something you never owned.

Bro it’s just an island with 3000 people on it.

When I went there 20 yrs ago, I only heard apologies from them

Pathetic that they use Maradona to try and salve a humiliating and complete defeat. A British soldier with a fixed bayonet is a slightly different proposition to a silly soccer game that involves evasion and essentially... running away from your opposition.

This is absolutely insane. Why would you still be obsessed over one of the silliest and most unnecessary conflicts of the 20th century?

Why does Argentina claim something that was never theirs in the first place??

Huh… all MY maps say “Falkland Islands”, so I have no idea where this mythical “Las Malvinas” is supposed to be.

Correct me if I'm wrong but ...spain built a small fort there, pirates chased them away ..took down thier flag, then the pirates abandond the islands and britain took them. So ..what claim does argentina have to these islands? Spain said they could have something they didn't possess? That is no claim at all.

Every person he interviewed in this documentary is completely delusional. Absolutely amazing.

Isn’t everyone in this video illegally occupying what they call Argentina but actually belongs to the indigenous people that were there before?

The Argentinians, in their history, took land (by force) off Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile ... so when they do it to other people, it's fine. The fact that they think the sinking of one of their active and fully armed war ships during an open war (that they started) is a "war crime" is indicative of their mixed up thinking. The report was OK, but it didn't mention that the lost war actually was a prime reason that Argentina returned to democracy, if the generals had scored a victory, they would have probably had another 10-15 years of military rule, so the Brits inadvertently did them a favour - but they're far too proud to admit that.

The Argentines feel strongly about this for many reasons, including an educational system that from day one teaches this view and a political system that uses it as a distraction from other issues.

As an Argentinian i think this video portrays this perspective really accurately. I'm considered to have a VERY unpopular oppinion around here, but as some other comments say, i think the POPULAR claim of the Falklands today is mostly based on irrational/passionate nationalism, and historical ignorance. If you ask any Argentinian why the Falklands should be/are Argentinian they will use a map and show you the geographical proximity. Of course, the islands would function as very strategic point, and it would be of huge importance if a war with Britain or its allies would emerge, for example. But i doubt people really think about that. First of all, most people wouldn't even know the dates or the actual history of the Falklands. They would only believe that the Islands were ours and that Britain took them, but not that Britain had them before, nor that France had them, nor WHEN they were taken. They wouldn't think about colonialism and imperialism being something common back then (and since always), ever for Argentinians. Most people, who ignore history in a little more deepness, wouldn't know there's a lot of territories today that keep being a consequence of that imperialism. Nor that a lot of territories in the world are not delimited just for geographical sake. For example, they wouldn't know why Ireland, which is just next to Britain and shares an island with them, is not part of their same territory. And so on, and so on. Most of us just take what they told us in school, which is a VERY simplified account of events, and sometimes with a predefined ideological speech. Take for example, the concept of Europeans colonizers being just plain bad and Indigenous people being just plain good. That's some other thing that gets taught here, and in a veeeery simple way, with no regards for the complexity of history or the amount of different and changing cultures in context. People in Argentina doesn't question these things nor the importance of the SOCIAL identity of the people, which in the Falklands are almost purely happily represented by Britain. Like in a comment i read here, we don't consider that claiming a territory, owned by people who see us as foreigners, is just as colonialist as the concept we supposedly fight against. This nationalist feeling was pretty reinforced by the war (our last war), which was caused by the military dictatorship at its final stage, to distract people from the attrocities they were making. We lost the war and it was the end of this regime. Democracy came and we even had our own "Nuremberg trials", let's say (which are portrayed on the contemporary Oscar nominee film "Argentina, 1985"). So we know the war was a mistake and we know it was caused by horrible people. But yet, this nationalist ideology persists. And because of today's political binary division, there's even people who think the military dictatorship wasn't as terrible as its portrayed. We still have a lot of root problems to resolve.

9:52 damn 🥲

Is Argentina aware of the Faroe Islands? They are next door to the UK, but owned by Denmark. The UK accepts that these islands are Denmarks, even though they are just north of Scotland. The islanders of the Falklands are happy to remain under British rule. Until this changes, there will be no change made. Argentina can want all they like, but they won't get them. Interesting that someone in the video said that the UN agrees with Argentina. I'd be interested for this to be discussed more as I haven't heard this before.

Most of the people my age who were born well after the war do not care about the Malvinas. Argentina has numerous pending issues that are vastly more important than some resourcesless islands

Imagine being born in a country where everyone is vexed over a few islands

I just hope another war between Argentina and the UK will never happen again. Hopefully both countries will come to peace and terms. 🇦🇷 🤝 🇬🇧

Argentina has traditionally been a rogue state, mainly to its own citizens. And also an unpredictable neighbour. I don't dare to imagine how would such a country have behaved, had it won an armed struggle over the UK. The final outcome of that little conflict was a blessing for the whole region.

As an argentinian born in the late 90's sometimes I have a patriotic approach for the sovereignty claim over the islands. But I have to say that the way our people get the islands problem, as if there were no local people involved or as if they were mere brainwashed objects that don't have a word on this, makes me feel really bad. War was a serious mistake back then. Also our country hasn't made good diplomatic strategies over the last 40 years. Our country doesn't even resolve its own economic problems. Are islanders willing to cope with +50% of inflation every year? Don't think so

I bet we still have more things in common with each other, than we don't.

Colonialism? Lol, last time I checked the Argentinans where a colony of the Spanish Empire. Lol

Don't be angry at the British for the dead soldiers be angry at Galtieri

Living in China where they teach kids from the earliest age a map that includes Taiwan and the entire South China Sea as Chinese territory; I have no respect for the argument “we got taught it in school so it’s ours”. There’s no Argentines living on the island and the culture is overwhelmingly British and in-favour of British sovereignty. Why people feel so strongly about this is actually pretty disgusting, it is a piece of land not attached to Argentina in anyway who have never been administered by Argentina at anytime in history other than during the war, it’s time to let it go

What the argies thinks is completley irrelevant, its what the Islanders want.

Damn picture #35 looks like Lionel Messi @5:06

This is a terribly poor piece of "journalism". I have lived in Buenos Aires for almost 20 years and I'm British. Yes, most Argentines see Las Malvinas as theirs, but this isn't something that preoccupies most peoples minds and the issue doesn't permeate everyday life in the way the reporter suggests. The situation compares well with that of Gibraltar: most Spanish people believe it should be theirs, but its not something that is given a second thought most of the time. The Falklands are a political football, which failing governments in Argentina use to try to rally nationalism - just as the dictadura did. Cristina Kirchner used to use the issue in an attempt to distract from economic problems. Fernandez is doing the same. I can't believe that this young journalist gave the man airtime. The Malvinas is just one of various nationalistic symbols which the politicians use to generate emotion among the people, along with football, Evita and the price of choripanes.

It's easy for the Argentine population to overwhelmingly back recovering the islands because they've never been there and most likely never met or even talked to someone from the islands. They just believe everything their government says, without reflecting about how the islanders see things.Their national delusion is just as bad as the conflict between China and Hong Kong. I wish these Argentines would bother themselves to learn about the people in the Falklands/Malvinas and understand where they're coming from rather than pretending they don't exist. It's a shame really, because I love Argentina. I love the rugged landscapes, Buenos Aires, its food, its culture, and its architecture. Nowhere else like it.

where is British Gurkha mentions on this war?

Never be over is all the more painful for all the young argentine soldiers that died in the MARVINA War

We British didn't want war, and we didn't expect war ( we only had 50 soldiers on the islands.) When Argentina ( itself a product of colonialism) attacked the islands we had no choice but to fight back. 🇬🇧 99.8% of Falklanders voted to stay British in the 2013 referendum.

I'm a Brit and was actually born in the Falklands in the early '90s, as my parents were working there at the time. I grew up in the UK from the age of 18 months onwards, so I don't think of myself as a Falklander, but have always been interested in the islands and would like to go back one day. I generally support the Falklands remaining British as a point of self-determination, but believe its always important to understand the other perspective. I also acknowledge the double-standards that the UK government applies in this issue, as it didn't (and doesn't) respect the rights of the Chagos Islanders who were expelled from their home. I would support the Chagos Islands being returned to the Mauritius (I understand that the Chagos Islands were part of the Mauritius during colonial times, but were separated prior to Mauritian independence) and the surviving inhabitants (and their descendants) being allowed to return if they wish. Our stance on the Falklands will never be taken seriously until we acknowledge our wrongdoing in Chagos. I also acknowledge that the most likely concern for the UK government is not the islander's self-determination, but the potential oil resources in the area and its proximity the Antarctica. I would however point out that Argentina is not the only country with territory at its border in control of a distant country, there are many other examples of this all over the world. I also find the Argentinian accusation of imperialism/colonialism somewhat hypocritical, given that most of the population are themselves descended from colonists. In my opinion, what Argentina should be doing if it really wants to "reclaim" the Malvinas, is to build better connections with the islanders. I understand that the islands have lately been having issues in exporting their seafood products to the EU since Brexit (which is an important aspect to its economy), so there is potentially inroad there. Yes, the islanders are currently very stubbornly British, but after a few decades of better connections, this might begin to soften for future generations of islanders. Especially if Britain is seen as increasingly distant. And yes, this process would take decades, but its surely better than the current policy, which would only make the islanders feel more defiant? As a final note. The main reason I wish to go back the Falkands/Malvinas has got nothing to do with the politics, what I want to see most is the geography and the wildlife. There is a lot more to the islands than just the war and the politics.

UK made Argentina 'Stone Age'

We not only liberated The Falklands, we in a sense liberated Argentina. The Military Junta fell, so the Argentines should be grateful to us.🇬🇧

I'd have lacked more focus on how Argentines view the position of the people of the Falkland islanders. Because I'm still confused by the fact that they believe that they own the islands despite the locals not wanting to. That is the definition of colonialism

Imagine claiming territory to be a fundamental part of your identity. Crazy.

Y ya lo ve, y ya lo ve, el que no salta, es un inglés

I believe any accused historical crimes (before the island became a crowned colony in 1840) are mute since they were not committed by anyone living today to people living today. I do believe that the UK retaking the island in 1833 is a complicated dispute but at the same time its kinda minor because neither government was really using the island. It had a incredibly small permanent inhabitants and was really only used for fishing and the UK hadn't touched it for a very long time. It's like forgetting about a toy and getting upset when someone else is playing with it. But no matter if you believe it was right or wrong what matters is the people living today and how it affects them. There is no Argentine alive who grew up on those islands or has any tangible relation to those islands. It will have no physical change no one day to day life. They only care because they have been brought up being told to care about it. The most direct way of putting it is in their heads. Reasonably it is a similar case in the UK where if those islands became Argentine it would have a tangible effect on anyone here either. This is why I say the people living in the UK and the people living in Argentina have no say in the sovereignty of those islands because it has nothing to do with them. It's simply not our business. Who decides if the islands are British or Argentine? The people living on the Falkland islands today. That is who this will affect and if they voted to become Argentine then I would 100% support their self-determination but they don't. Its a mistake to keep a wound open that should have been healed a very long time ago. There is no need for hate between our people on something which doesn't affect us in any tangible way. And I look forward to the day when this wound will heal and we can move forward.

As a Brit this seems very weird. These were uninhabited islands, there is no indigenous population. The islands are over 300 miles from Argentina. In the 1830s remote islands were occupied by European powers with large navies. Argentina has always been militarily weak and it could never hold onto these islands for long. Spain and France have also claimed the islands. The islanders don't want to be Argentinian and self-determination is crucial. That is what the Ukraine War is all about. Putin claims that Ukraine belongs to Russia but the people living there disagree. The islands are cold and damp and only fit for habitation by northern Europeans. What would Argentina do with the islands? Trees can't grow and sheep farming is the only type of agriculture that is profitable. The islanders would probably move to the UK, leaving the islands uninhabited again. This is deluded nonsense. You fear for Argentina, the country is bankrupt, but this is what they worry about?

Ever British, never argentinean.

It's clear that they use this issue to distract themselves from domestic problems. They need to refocus on more pressing issues.

"The Argentines claim a ship was bombed outside the exclusion zone, the British dispute this" No, they dont. The British are very open to admitting to bombing a ship outside of an exclusion zone, becuase it posed significant threat, that permission was granted to attack that vessel

Question: how wil the avarage Argentinian benefit when control is regained?

Lol Argentina got crushed by some lads who hang out at my local pub

Claims on territory, territorial expansion, and colonialism have probably mostly been at the point of a gun, or sword throughout history. It’s still happening. A country is not predetermined by some geographical virtue, but by peoples creating and defending borders that gain permanence with the passing of time. The integrity of those borders will be challenged from time to time. Territorial acquisition comes from having superior military capability. The reason why the islands in question remain British is because the Argentinian authorities made a strategic error in believing a superior military power would not waste resources on defending a small, remote territory. Countries have evolved from centuries of wars and peace that act to consolidate territorial claims. That is all a country is at a fundamental level. An artificial construct. Retaining the integrity of those borders requires agreement with the majority of those contained within it, and that agreement is secured by the promise of protection and by appealing to emotions connected to tribe, family, and a sense of belonging, ie patriotism and its oversold cousin nationalism.

Fascinating, I was just a child when this happened. I remember hearing about it, but I had no understanding of what/why it was happening. Glad to finally have some connection to the true story.

Remember when Argentina harbored those guys from that country in Europe after that one war?