But really, mate. There will be more elements coming from other planets. To mix. Gunpowder and a handwarmer my chem firsts(made that latter in a coke can). I am not a chemist. Just an engineer. But really, as a civil engineer, a chemist as well. Is not mixing concrete chemistry? I add ginger ale for cold areas. Most people don't know that. I can explain why it is necessary. I actually added that to military training. 30 years ago. The bubbles better for freeze/thaw. How concrete works. 5% entrainment a good rule.
@@professormoriarty6875 my niece got a degree from a religious university. As my dad from Johnson Bible College. They are dumb as shit. I have degrees from Indiana Business College and a military trained civil engineer. Bullshit religious college education shouldn't be recognized. At least my kids went to state Universities. Better money spent.
Well done. You explained Schrödinger-Equation, the Atom, the Electron, the Chemical-Elements, and the Periodic-Table in one-go and in just 15-minutes in a clear language and beautiful diagrams. Congratulations for you and your channel, and congratulations for those who watch the video. Even if one knows all the information you stated; watching the video is a very good brief reminder. Thanks.
I had to pause at 2:03 because WHY DID NOBODY EVER TELL ME ELECTRONS WERE IN ORBITALS BECAUSE OF A PROPORTION TO PLANKS CONSTANT. This makes some of the things that I've always considered weirdly arbitrary make wat more sense and this man just explained that in 1 sentence. Incredible
I had a course in quantum physics last year, and boy do I wish that I had found this video back then. You clearly explained roughly 4 two hour long lectures in less than 15 minutes, im amazed!
This video reminded me of a time when I was in secondary school - during a particularly tedious Chemistry class on slaked lime, I was staring at a poster on the wall of the periodic table, noticed that every two rows would have the next number in the 2n^2 sequence, and spent the entire lesson extending the periodic table as much as I could instead of doing the actual work. I think I got up to around 650 elements by the time the lesson ended.
Thanks for pointing that out, I was looking at the number of electrons per shell and saw there was a relation, but couldn’t put my finger on it. 2(n)^2 I is definitely valid to find maximum possible electrons on any given shell. I can’t find any info on the maximum number of shells that a nucleus could have. A 100th shell would have 20,000 electrons although where is the limit?
Once again an excellent, direct, clear and thorough explanation that somehow also manages not to condescend to the lay person. This not only helped me understand why the periodic table is arranged the way it is, it helped me understand why the Schrodinger equation makes sense and how it directly relates to the reality of the universe. And by extension, now the quantum mechanics makes more sense to me than ever before. So informative and enlightening, and much appreciated!
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
@@hychap CL -- who or what is CL? Teleophilia is dual to teleophobia. Main stream physics is currently dominated by teleophobia and eliminative materialism hence new laws of physics based upon teleology have already been ruled out. "Philosophy is dead" -- Stephen Hawking. The Schrodinger equation is teleological -- syntropic. Alive is dual to not alive -- Schrodinger's cat. Being is dual to non being creates becoming -- Plato's cat. Thesis (alive, being) is dual to anti-thesis (not alive, non being) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (becoming) -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic or Hegel's cat. Schrodinger's cat is based upon Hegel's cat and he stole it from Plato (Socrates). Main stream physics has already rejected teleology hence you cannot have a 4th law of thermodynamics! Physicists use the Schrodinger equation all the time but it is based upon philosophy which is not allowed according to Stephen Hawking.
@@hychap Quantum mechanics is used to make predictions which is a syntropic process -- teleological. Rejecting teleology is the same as rejecting quantum mechanics therefore. Main stream physics has big problems! Problem, reaction, solution -- the Hegelian dialectic.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
This is awesome! I have a minor in chemistry. All those classes and I never understood why. I just memorized things. This was over 20 years ago. But this is still awesome!
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
I majored in physics, and chemistry was the hardest subject for me, cus it seemed like it was nothing but memorization, which I suck at. Glad we found this video!
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons. Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
@@SpotterVideo Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Curvature or gravitation is actually dual, gravitational energy is dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force). Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull -- forces are dual. Positive charge (proton) is dual to negative charge (electron) -- electronic charge. The future is dual to the past -- time duality. We predict the future (syntropy) and remember the past. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. The present exists midway between the past and the future:- Thesis (the future) is dual to the anti-thesis (the past) synthesizes the present or the now -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. The present or the now is synthesized by conserving the duality or correlation of the past and future -- cause is dual to effect. Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. "May the force (duality) be with you" -- Jedi teaching.
I've always marveled at the Periodic Table and its structure. Your excellent explanation and video adds more to appreciating its beauty and thoroughness.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Excellent overview. All done in 20 minutes. I might add that the pretty electron configuration images are, mathematically, Laplace spherical harmonics. Wish I had this video decades ago when I was a physics major.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
btw: my son asked about the boundary between chemistry and physics, and my (correct) explanation did not hit home. We'll watch this together today, I think it will make sense to him.
I taught this topic for my high school students using balloons and a game on the basketball court that ended on a branching diagram for the different possible quantum numbers (instead of the table), your video helped me confirm those strategies were not too far off. Thank you!
For a student of literature and law like me, this heavy dose of mathematics has sent the head reeling! I am impressed like hell by the fact that inspite of the approximations for the larger atoms, and inspite of not being able to see the atoms, the scientists have developed periodic table which is working excellently in practice for over a century. 👌
It’s hilarious that literature and law are held in such tremendous regard while they are in fact readily accessible to imbeciles. How is that possible??
As a pharmacist, I have been an avid enthusiast of matters science, quantum included. All your videos have answered all my unanswered questions perfectly, reminded and taught clearly and concisely. Keep it up.
Hello, I am a big fan of you. My name is Youngjun and I am an elementary schooler in South Korea. I am very interested in Quantum mechanics and you posted another great video. Thank you!
Your lecture is excellent! You gave a clear explanation to a complex topic without conflating the concepts with unnecessary technical details. I am an electrical engineer by training, and I took chemistry in my undergraduate studies. However, I never understood the fundamental relationship between electron orbitals and Schrodinger's equation, until I saw your video. We just memorized orbital configurations without understanding the rationale for their existence. Now, I understand them! I read through the supplementary notes on solving the PDE equation. Thank you! You are a gifted teacher!
I can't believe how you keep outdoing yourself and how easily you make it to understand what you're talkin about. Thank you so much for this video and the time you put in to make it possible for us to watch it. Side note, I'm actually in the process of making a cloud chamber (actually two of them). I am Gathering supplies like thermal electric coolers, aluminum heat sinks, etc. Fun project 😀. I'm excited to see the cosmic particle trails and all the rest too.
This video is worth watching twice! I had to overcome the fear I felt with the Schrödinger equation first 🙂 Then it was smooth sailing. I appreciate your efforts so much.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
i have a BS in chem, trying to refresh a bit before taking on grad school. Your videos are GREAT for jogging my memory on the tougher concepts. Thank you!!!
Minor complaint: You could've mentioned that _n, l,_ and _m_ are called *_principal quantum number, azimuthal quantum number,_* and *_magnetic quantum number_* respectively. Many people would've heard those names before, and this would've been a nice refresher. Of course those names-like all names-are what they are thanks to history, and don't mean much by themselves.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
I remember some time ago you asked what we thought was mankind’s greatest achievement, and when I replied the periodic table. you countered the standard model. Now I see why. ‘Chemistry is the standard model for electrons’. Brilliant.
Arvin, I've watched dozens of hours of videos of a Dr Physics and MIT Open Courseware and this few minutes here answered SOOO many unanswered questions. I'm so thankful. That's ok, I'm a very literal person and frequently need jokes explained. I have a B.S. in chemistry, an MBA and a few a few advanced courses in solid state physics. Bill Cashion
Q. What did the nucleus say to the electron? A. “I don’t know where you get the energy from. “ (The electron was far too busy to reply). This video is lovely presentation of a deep subject.
I'm a freshmen college chemistry student and i love these videos. It fills in so many background point where i wonder how certain things come to be. Great channel
It's insane how interesting and information-packed this video is! I've always wanted to know more about electron orbitals and why they look that way. Although I can't pour through the proofs myself, as I won't understand any of it, this really shows things off well. And in fact much better than that admittedly cool Hydrogen Wave Function chart itself, as that doesn't really show off its relation to the numbers of electrons that fit in the electron shells.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
I just discovered your channel about a week ago and I am absolutely loving it. You have amazing content! Explaining complicated concepts come so naturally to you. That's a talent very few have. I will be binge watching your videos until I run out. Cheers!
Fantastic explanation Arvin! Does ions behave the same way, if possible try to cover some aspects on generation of charges on atoms. Thanks for sharing the knowledge!
They can be, in fact have been solved via making approximations using the tool called Perturbation Theory. But other than that an analytical solution does not exist.
I know this comment will not apply to most people, but I'm visually impaired, so really appreciate that this video is mostly in higher contrast white/light on black/dark backgrounds. Thanks a lot for this, please keep it up 👍
Fantastic videos! I was a chemistry student and my first module at college was quantum mechanics and electrons! I was thrown off at the time but you made it so simple and so interesting! Fantastic video
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Great video! At 5:30 he says he won't derive today; the Schrodinger cannot be derived anyway except with logical arguments. Although, this hasn't stopped many people from trying.
As a matter of fact none of the "Laws of Nature" can be derived from first principals. They can either be deduced based on several aspects (Experimental discoveries, Paradoxes/Inconsistencies in previous models, Unexplained new Phenomena, Seeking generality and attempts to unifying previously thought distinct fields, etc.) or can be derived from more fundamental laws (for eg, Newton's Laws of Motion can be derived as a special case scenario of Schrodinger's Equation, Classical Relativity as special case of Special Relativity, Newtonian Gravity as Special case of General Theory of Relativity). As of yet we don't have to solely derive a Law of nature from first principals alone.
@@dhritimanroyghatak2408 many types of maths can't be proved directly without using logic. If the Schrodinger can't be derived and is supposed to represent one of the most basic aspects of the universe, that seems like a good sign that we are on the right track.
Arvin sir, please make a video on all the whys of these phenomena. Please, explain, why hydrogen combines with oxygen and produces water. Why is it so? How do chemicals react? Please, please, please.....
One thing that everyone skips, and it is not obvious from the drawings of orbitals: if you fix n and l, and add up all the allowed m's in quadrature, the result has perfect spherical symmetry. So at 11:14, the squared sum of each row there is a perfect sphere, and this is very important for energy and chemistry. Is also important to know: in quantum mechanics, anything with spherical symmetry CANNOT ROTATE. Rotation is equivalent to not rotating (that's what spherical symmetry means). Classically, that makes no sense, but in quantum: it is fundamental.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
this is brilliant! so this explains chemical properties as emerging directly form the wave function of the atoms components? ... this is definitely my favourite physics channel
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
as a chemistry major, this is by far the most simple and straightforward explanation of basic quantum mechanics i have heard thus far. What a great fucking video.
Couple of questions:1) Has the Schrödinger equation been solved (at least approximately) for all elements? 2) In the pretty pictures of the electron shells, I see that there’s a pink glow around the yellow-orange shells; is this just shading, or is it real?
1) No. Beyond hydrogen, you get a complicated set of differential equations that don't have a finite solution. 2) This is to show that the electron exists in a fuzzy cloud around the nucleus. This is an animation. The colors and the exact look can never be known.
@@ArvinAsh Arguably while we can't know the "color" of bound electrons in elements/compounds which form metallic bonds due to the Pauli exclusion principal preventing electrons from residing within energetically favorable valence shells the metallic luster comes from those loosely bound degenerate electrons interacting with photons, so arguably the "color" of an electron is "the metallic luster"
I already knew why the periodic table had to look like this, but this is the first time I've heard of a "universal" reason. The previous video I watched that explained it was basically a video explaining Mendeleiev's genius. Its title literally says "Sorting the elements without understanding them" 😝. The video is by a French youtuber: "E-Penser 2.0", titled: "Dimitri Mendeleiev - Classer les éléments sans les comprendre - LPPV.03 - e-penser".
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:- Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics. Equality implies duality. All mathematical equations are dualities. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action. Inclusion is dual to exclusion. Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation. Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry. The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem. Projective points are dual to projective lines Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality. Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Many nuclei are unstable and nuclear interactions are not exactly easy to analyse. If you want to know which isotopes are stable and which are not, experiments are needed, especially if you want to know their half-lives.
Very useful knowledge to have. Was curious to know if the wave function explains not just elements in periodic table but also compounds, chemical bonding, hybridization of orbitals etc.
Electron walks to proton (of course not too close to break uncertainty principle) and tells him with shaking voice: I wanted to make a joke, but I wasn't sure if I should
You are wrong entirely! Uncertainty is only with human measurement. Electrons do not have any Uncertainty with it. They are allways sure about where they are and how fast they are moving!
@@adambartlett114 we can easily guess it. Mass of eletron varies exactly with it's speed ! At the peaks of wave with it, there can not have any uncertainty in position! Simply electrons don't depend about our measurements. We are not in 1920s. We are in 2021! Waves can not exist with out an equilibrium of two opposite forces. Then what are the dual forces with De' brogley wave you think?
Absolutely stunning. This is a brilliant presentation. I have to know more. You have covered a range of concepts so intriguing I am truly inspired. Thank you.
I have a PhD in chemistry and I'm a chemistry lecturer in a university in Indonesia. I *avoid* explaining the quantum mechanics stuff, because 1) I don't fully understand it, and 2) the undergrads won't understand it. Perhaps next time I'll just direct my students to your video when they want a deeper explanation.
All these comments are like “thanks I understand it now”, but my takeaway from this video is you can’t actually understand where the numbers come from without deriving the solution to the schrodinger equation for hydrogen on your own. Which I can’t do so 🤷♀️
THAT HAS BEEN THE MOST ACCURATE COMMENT ABOUT SELF REALIZATION I HAVE EVER READ! These pop science video present you the concepts in an interesting and engaging fashion with slight pinch of details giving the illusion of "I UNDERSTAND IT". But actually all these videos at max are capable of developing your interest in these related fields and topic but the harsh reality of getting your hands dirty with rigorous mathematical training in the subject is irreplaceable. That is where the TRUE understanding lies. All these descriptive models presented in these videos stem out of those fundamental equations and the context within which they are used and learning that in all its glory is the TRUE UNDERSTANDING. Still an awesome service to the community by the content creator :).
A nice follow-on might be going over the pros and cons of alternative presentations of the periodic table, particularly the ones that tend toward improving intuitions.
I almost immediately noticed a pattern with the numbers 2, 8, 18, 32, and 50. They're all doubled squares. In other words 2(n^2) for n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5. I imagine the doubling has something to do with spin up vs. down, but it would have been interesting to go into why the complicated formulas result in simple squares, if that's in fact a continuing pattern.
Where shell radius = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 the shell surface area equals the square = 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 and with two electrons in each unit area of the shell, the number of electrons per shell is thus = 2, 8, 18, 32, and 50.
I've always hated chemistry because most of time I had to remember things instead of understanding it..But from last couple of months I'm finding this type of unique videos which help to actually understand chemestry
Good video. You might combine 11:30-12:00 with 12:05-12:35 since the filling glitches are caused by multi-electron systems. (Said it many times: "No, class, you don't have to know the f block elements". And I introduced standing waves and why they need integers to identify their overtones using guitar strings and drumheads.
This is a good and concise video. The Shroedinger equation does not explain everything though. It is critically important that only two electrons can inhabit any distinct spacial state. If any number could pile into the lowest energy state, there would be no chemistry and no universe as we know it. This behaviour is summarised in the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which applied to fermions. The statement that electrons are 'fermions' is not actually an explanation for their behaviour, just a description or definition condensed into a single word. As far as I know, there is no quantum mechanical explanation for why electons exhibit this behaviour (i.e. are fermions). Or to put it another way, no mathematical derivation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle. It just is what it is.
Some "small variations" for larger atoms… that is such a gross understatement and everybody who ever tried to run a real calculation, say on the Fe atom, knows this very well.
Funny I had it in my third semester at university in Germany in physics classes and actually didnt realize those mathematical conceptions and formulas could had been used for atoms, lol...
Re Duterium being not symmetric because the proton can point in some direction: Why isn't the P and the N co-located? They are different types of particles so Pauli exclusion doesn't apply.
He left a technical detail while mentioning Pauli's exclusion principal. That is "No two IDENTICAL Fermions can occupy the same "Quantum State". First of all Proton and Neutron are not IDENTICAL FERMIONS, Secondly when you go into the nuclear model you have similar Orbitals within nucleus as you do for atoms where protons and neutrons occupy different states. Only under extreme conditions do they start squishing into each others territory but at that stage their constituents (quarks and gluons ) come into interplay.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. .
So, 2 electrons (1st shell) + 6 is 8 (second shell), and 8 + 10 is 18(third shell). Note the difference between 10 and 6, which is 4. Next, 18 + 14 is 32(4th shell), and the difference between 14 and 10 is also 4. Again, we see 4 when we take 32 and add 18 to get 50(5th shell). Is there an explanation for this or am I crazy?
One time when I was being introduced to some of my wife's college professors, I met a guy whose last name was Schroder. I was a little silly and wanted to make a Scrodinger joke to him because of his name, but didn't want to sound stupid, so after being introduced I got on a computer to look up some info on Schrodinger. I found he was best known for his equation describing the process of change over time. Armed with this new knowledge, I went back to Mr. Shroder's room to tell him a joke, but by the time I got back he was gone.
