A suspension system provides stability to the vehicle in dynamic conditions like high speed, sharp turns and braking. The shock absorbers used in suspension system prevents the main frame from the shocks provided by the rough road conditions by absorbing the shocks which in turn makes the ride smooth for the passengers and the luggage.
Types of Suspensions Used:
1. Non-independent or dependent suspensions -
A suspension system in which both the right and the left wheels of the front and the rear pair of wheels are connected with a solid axle in such a way that the upward motion due to the bump in any one wheel of the front and the rear wheels pair causes slight lift in the other.
De-dion tube solid axel etc. Types of Suspensions are the examples of dependent suspension
This type of suspensions are used in many old trucks in which the front and rear pairs of wheels are connected with a solid axle.
2. Independent suspension-
A suspension system in which all the four wheels of the vehicle are free i.e. there is no relative motion between the front and the rear pairs of the wheels which means all the four wheels are connected independently with the frame and when a bump comes either in right or left side of the vehicle the wheel (either right side wheel or left side wheel)in contact with the bump moves upward without causing any lift in the other side wheel.
Double wishbone , mac-pherson, etc. Types of suspensions are the example of independent suspension.
Main Components of the Suspension System:
1. Knuckle or Upright-
It is the component of the suspension system that is mounted over the wheel’s hub through which the wheels and the suspension of the vehicle connect with each other by the linkages provided.
2) Spring: The springs are critical components in the suspension system that absorbs the shocks and bumps while the car is in motion. Most cars have four springs that are generally designed to last the lifetime of the car. Generally made from steel, the spring is the core component of all suspension systems.
3) Shocks: Shocks or shock absorbers are another important component that are generally fluid filled and work in tandem with the spring to minimize the shocks or vibrations that are caused by the vehicle in motion.
4) Strut: Struts are components that join the spring and the and the shocks. In their most basic form struts provide dampening function as well as structural support for the vehicle suspension. Struts and shocks are absolutely critical components in the suspension of a vehicle.
5) Anti Sway Bars: Another critical component, the anti sway or anti roll bars are used for providing further stability to the moving vehicle. The anti sway bar is basically a metal bar that joins the different sides of the suspension and helps in reducing the vehicle sway.
6) Ball Joints: The vehicle suspension is designed to move up and down while the vehicle is in motion which is connected to the spindle by ball joints. These Ball Joints are basically ball and socket joints that allow multi dimensional movement. Ball joints are lubricated with grease and sealed.
7) Spindle: The Spindle is an important part of the vehicle suspension system that ties the wheel and tyre into the steering system. The spindle is situated in the front of most vehicles and is like a short axle that is used to attach the wheel assembly to the vehicle.
Working of Suspension Systems:
Independent Suspension-
Let assume that the bump is in left side of the vehicle and at the instant the front left tyre comes in contact with it.
When the left tyre of the formula car hits the road bump which in turn causes front left tyre to lift upward and as there is no connection between the right and the left or front and the rear tyres this upward movement is only restricted to the front left wheel.
The shock produced due to this road bump is absorbed by the compression type spring and dampers used in between the wheel’s knuckle and the main frame, this shock is absorbed directly or through push roads that transfer the shock from knuckle to the damper.
The stiffness of the spring and dampers used in independent double wishbone suspension is responsible for maintaining the traction of the formula car’s wheel with the road.
Non- Independent or Dependent Suspension-
Let’s assume the bump is at the left tyre of the truck, this road bump faced by the left tyre of the truck tries to lift the left wheel of the truck.
When this wheel lifts up due to the road bump the solid axle attached with it also lifts up and the force generated by the wheel due to its upward movement is transferred to corresponding right wheel (as they are both rigidly connected with the live axle) which in turn tries to lift it up slightly.
The shock produced by the road bump is absorbed by the leaf springs used in between the axle and the main frame.
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14 дек 2018
