How the Greeks Colonized the Mediterranean - Ancient Civilizations 

Working on a series on the Ancient Greek Mythology...

Many cities in southern France were actually founded by the Greeks, the most famous being Marseille (Phocea) the second largest city of France, that we still call "la cité Phocéenne". :)

From all the thousands of cities the Greeks has built, some did really made an extraordinary journey to our days: Istanbul 🇹🇷 (Byzantium) الإسكندرية 🇪🇬 (Alexandria) Marseille 🇫🇷 (Massalia) Naples/Napoli 🇮🇹 (Neapoli) Nice 🇫🇷 (Níkaia) Trabzon 🇹🇷 (Trabezous) Izmir 🇹🇷 (Smyrna) Antakya 🇹🇷 (Antióchia) Kerch 🇺🇦 (Pantikápaion)

My ancestors were Greeks that found their way to Sicily, had a town named after them in central Sicily. When Mussolini arose the changed the towns name. My great grandfather came from there around a decade before that.

Great video and greetings from Taranto (Τάρας) an ancient spartan colony🇬🇷🇮🇹❤️

Fascinating topic! Would love to hear more about ancient Greek colonies.

Next rivalry between Greek and Phoenecian Colonizers please. And their sphere of influence in the Mediterranian and Atlantic coast.

Other interesting Greek colonies were Massalia (later known as Marseille) located in the south of France or Emporion in Spain.

"The Average Joe was still a farmer". Maybe in the greek case we should call him the "Average Ioannis".

The story of the Greek colonization is very ancient and goes back to the Mycenaean period. For example many of the Heroes of the Argonautica and the Trojan War, they founded many cities through the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. For example, the Argonaut Phalerus founded the city of Parthenope (today's Napoli) in Italy, while the Trojan War Heroes like Diomedes, Idomeneas, Myrion, Teucer, Agapenor, built cities in Italy, Cyprus, and the coasts of the Black Sea. In their greatest expansion, during the Hellenistic times, Greek cities and colonies existed from Spain and France (Hemeroskopeion, Marseille), to India, and from the Crimean Peninsula (Nymphaion), to Libya (Cyrene).

Why you separate Macedonia from Greece ??? We do not separate them in any university cause is the same culture language religion etc. why don’t you separate also Spartans if you want to separate the Greek world

Greeks built several ancient cities in Iraq (Mesopotamia), such as Alexandria, and Seleucia.

why do you have Macedonia seperate and not included in Greece?

If Macedonia is separate from Greece then all the kingdom on this map should be separate like Sparta Athens etc…

Its really cool how they went so far and actually managed to settle there , like thise colonies in iberia/southern france.

Greetings all from Greece 🇬🇷

Aristotle teacher of Alexander the Great was born in Stageira of province Makedonia.Stageira was founded by the Greek Ionian Island of Andros (655 BC).Aristotles father was born in Andros Island and settled in the colony of his ancestors .Also the Greek Ionian Island Euboia (Chalkis), founded many others cities in province of Makedonia (8 CENTURY BC).Aristotles mother was from Euboia Island (Chalkis).

And two examples of how the conflicts in Greece lead to the founding of new cities and colonies: First example, is the city of Taras (today's Taranto) in Southern Italy, which is the only colony in Italy created by the Spartans. During the First Messenian War (the Messenian Wars were among the longhest and more rutlhless, but also less known conficts in ancient Greece, between the Spartans and the Messenians), the single Spartan women, with the absence of the Homoioi in the war, they had children with the Perioikoi. With the end of the war, these children were seen, by the returning Spartans as not part of their society. In order to avoid social conflict, it was decided that these children (now grown men), should leave Sparta, and built a new city in Italy. This city was Taras. The second example is the city of Messene (today's Messina) in Sicily, which was built by the Messenians rebels. At the end of the 3rd Messenian War, the defeated Messenian rebels came to an agreement with the Spartans to abbandon their homeland and find a new home in Sicily, where they founded the city of Messene.

You made us feel proud once again. Greetings to everyone from a Greek Living in Cyprus

I really like to study the Greek colonization throughout the Mediterranean. Sicily (Σικελία), for example, was once the epicenter of Magna Graecia (Μεγάλη Ελλάς); as the Romans called the Greek colonization within the current Italian regions of Sicily, Calabria, Basilicata, Puglia and Campania. Sicily, the "queen of the Mediterranean" ("La Regina del Mediterraneo"), as I like to call it, was the very heart of Magna Graecia. In Sicily, however, the Greek colonization was NOT concentrated on the entire island, but only within the current Sicilian provinces of Siracusa, Ragusa, Catania, Messina, Agrigento and Caltanissetta; including the southern part of the province of Trapani as well (where Selinunte is located). The current province of Palermo, on the other hand, was initially colonized by the Phoenicians/Carthaginians (at least until the Sicilian wars). The only significant Greek colony within the current province of Palermo, however, was Himera (Ιμέρα). Syracuse (Συράκουσαι), for example, was not only the most significant city of Magna Graecia; but it was also one of the most important cities of the western world as a whole; SPECIALLY during Hiero II's reign (270-215 BC), when Syracuse rivaled in importance with Rome itself! It was also the birthplace of Archimedes himself! Syracuse, in my own words, was the "queen of Sicily" ("Η Βασίλισσα της Σικελίας"). From a simple Corinthian colony, Syracuse became the most important city of Magna Graecia during the reign of tyrant Gelon I (485-478 BC). Note: Hiero II's death in 215 BC, in my historical analysis, was catastrophic for the political independence of Syracuse. Hieron was able to maintain Syracuse as an independent polis (city) for over 50 years! However, after the rise of Hiero's son and successor, Hieronymus (Ιερώνυμος), Syracuse's political independence was compromised. Hieronymus simply abandoned his father's pro-Roman policy, allying himself with the Carthaginians at the peak of the Second Punic War! After this political "treason", the city was besieged and conquered by the Romans in 212 BC; which was carried out by the proconsul Claudius Marcellus, who was the so-called "sword of Rome" ("Gladius Romae"). Nevertheless, Syracuse maintained its importance even after the Roman conquest in 212 BC, when it became the capital of the Roman province of Sicily (PROVINCIA SICILIA); the first Roman province outside Italy. In addition to Syracuse, Agrigento (Ακράγας) is also a "symbol" of the Greek presence in Southern Italy (ESPECIALLY the Valley of the Temples). Agrigento was the second most important city of Magna Graecia, specially during Theron's reign (488-472 BC). After the Greek victory over the Carthaginians at the Battle of Himera (480 BC), Akragas became the most important polis of central Sicily. Pindar himself call it the "most beautiful city of the mortals". However, after the Carthaginian destruction of Akragas in 406 BC, the city completely lost its former glory and importance. In 262 BC, when the consuls Quintus Mamilius Vitulus and Lucius Postumius Megellus conquered the city (which was called Agrigentum by the Romans), Akragas was no longer the former powerful city of Theron's reign. In addition to Syracuse and Akragas, the cities (poleis) of Rhegium (Ρήγιον), which was the most important city of the Greek Calabria; Taranto (Τάρας/Tarentum), which was the most important city of Puglia (Άπουλία); and Paestum (Ποσειδώνια), which was the most important city of the Greek Campania; were also key cities for the Greek world (Ελλάς). Taranto (Τάρας), for example, was the single Spartan colony within the Greek world. I would like to visit the ruins of those cities someday!

What is the rational for separating Greece (Hellas) and Macedonia? Probably would be better to leave the city state names since then there was no nation called Greece

I'm from a country that has cities like Tomis and Callatis founded by the ancient Greeks, nowadays their name is changed in Constanta and Mangalia, but still they breed history through all their pores , wherever a construction site appears ,after the diggings, most of the times, artifacts appears of Greek origin or later Roman period, the cities were continually inhabited through the dark ages period and modern era !

The glorious Hellenic... Would love to see more on ancient Greece!

Ancient Greek history is always nice to see!

🇮🇹Magna Graecia is the area of ​​the southern Italian peninsula that was once colonized by the Greeks starting from the eighth century BC The colonization of Magna Graecia was very different from that of Greek Sicily. Polybius reports that Magna Graecia began to be called this way (Megálē Hellàs) in the sixth century. BC, even if the name is found only in the second century BC. The Greeks emigrated to Italy in the eighth century BC from: Euboea, Argolide, Locride, Crete and the Aegean islands. And they settled on the southern coasts: - from Campania to Apulia, and in the south and east of Sicily where they founded rich colonies based on agriculture and trade. Sometimes they allied with each other against common enemies but generally they were rivals among themselves. PEOPLES WHO MIGRATED THERE - the Achaeans , of Doric origin, who founded: Taranto, Metaponto, Posidonia (Paestum), Crotone, Sibari, Laos, Terina. - the Ionians who founded: Reggio on the bank of the strait and on the other side Zancle, today's Messina. - i Locri and the Calcedoni from Euboea, who founded: Naxos (Taormina), Zancle (Messina), Pitecusa (Ischia), and Cuma in Campania. - the Corinthians founded: Syracuse, - the Megari founded: Megara Iblea in the Gulf of Augusta, - the Foci founded: Elea (Velia) in Campania. - the Locresi founded: Locri. The set of colonies founded by these Greek peoples in southern Italy and Sicily was called Magna Grecia. Their inhabitants were called Italioti and Sicelioti. The most important colonies were: Ischia, Cuma, Reggio, Naples, Syracuse, Agrigento, Sibari, Crotone, Metaponto and Taranto. 1) ISCHIA - These people established the colony of Pithecussai (populated by monkeys) on the current island of Ischia, in the first half of the eighth century BC (775 BC), thanks to the Greeks of Eretria and Chalcis (on the 'Euboea). 2) CUMA - On the Italic coasts they founded several cities: Kyme (= dove), in Latin Cumae, that is Cuma, founded around 740 BC, by the Eubei of Chalcis, who under the guidance of Hippocles of Cuma and Megasthenes of Chalcis, chose to to land at that point of the coast because attracted by the flight of a dove or according to others by the roar of cymbals. 3) METAPONTION- founded by Greek colonists of Achaia in the second half of the 7th century BC, at the request of the mother country, by Sibari (Calabria), to protect itself from the expansion of Taranto. Or, according to other sources, it was founded by the Greek hero Nestor returning from the Trojan war. 4) TARAS , (Taranto) - which, according to Eusebius of Caesarea (265 - 340), was founded in 706 BC, by the Spartan Falanto, son of the noble Aratus and descendant of Heracles of the eighth generation, and of other compatriots called Partheni ( sons of the virgins of Sparta), for expansion or commercial reasons. 5) RHEGION(Reggio Calabria) - founded in the 8th century BC, the Chalcidians founded a Greek colony keeping the pre-existing name of Rhegion (Head of the King), formerly known as Erythrà (Ερυθρά, La Rossa). These colonies were independent from the motherland which, however, called them Magna Graecia, and grew up in various sectors, such as art, science, philosophy. The Greek invasion in southern Italy was not peaceful, because it drove out the Italic divinities with their priests by erecting temples to the divinities of the Greek Pantheon. Subsequently, however, there was an integration between the various peoples with an overlapping of indigenous and Hellenic cults and traditions, and also with animistic religions. The expeditions were led by an ecista, chief of the colonizing Greeks, who before leaving was sent to interrogate the oracle of Delfo, to get instructions on where to found the new colony. The founding of a city was not left to the individual initiative of the ecista or a small group, but was organized by the motherland, which provided all the necessary means, from ships to food, weapons, engineers and architects. But ships from Asia and Greece also reached Magna Graecia, so it flourished in trade in art and science. The colonists found in Magna Graecia a dry and mild climate, similar to those of the motherland, and a land rich in woods and streams. They thus preferred the flat areas, rich in water and suitable for the construction of ports. The architecture of Magna Graecia is characterized by monumentality and a predilection for the Doric style, as seen in Paestum, which retains archaic characteristics compared to that of Greece. The Ionic and Corinthian orders also developed in Roman times. Characteristics of Magna Graecia religion were the archaic imprint, in which the most ancient temples were dedicated to female divinities, perhaps because the first settlers, antecedent to the Greeks, were Mycenaeans, or even the Minoans (XIII-VIII century BC). Polychrome clay coatings flourished (gutters, acroteria, archways, groups of large proportions), of votive tablets, statuettes in terra cotta or in limestone and bronze sculptures. Under Etruscan influence, in the Osco-Campanian and Apulian tombs (Paestum, Cuma, Capua, Nola) there were hypogea painted with scenes of gladiators, warriors and dances (V-III centuries). The ceramic production, born in the 5th century, had different stylistic and figurative characteristics in the Apulian, Campania and Lucanian regions and also from the neighboring ones. Also noteworthy is the production of polychrome fictile (clay) coatings, votive tablets, terracotta or limestone statuettes and bronze sculptures. Once the colony was founded, a wall was built, followed by the assignment of land plots to the colonists and the construction of large temples. The area of ​​the acropolis, "the upper city" with the abodes of the gods and the large spaces reserved for religious ceremonies and sacrifices, contrasted with the irregular and chaotic layout of the "lower city" districts which presented: narrow streets, houses crowded, and rare water wells. The new settlers, once landed with their ships, found themselves faced with the problem of relations with the local populations which were: Ausoni, Enotri, Itali, Siculi, Coi Messapi, Iapigi, who lived on sheep farming and agriculture and were organized into tribes. They had nothing to do with the most advanced political, social and economic organization of the Greek poleis. A violent clash was thus created between the inhabitants of southern Italy and the new colonizers who wanted to appropriate their lands. The Magna Graecia cities reached a greater splendor than Greece itself, where the great Greek intellectuals flourished between the fifth and fourth centuries. BC, and where Plato went to visit and Pythagoras, Herodotus and Xenophanes settled there. Just as the Greek poleis enjoyed their independence and autonomy, and were often in conflict with each other for political and conquest reasons, the same happened to the colonies of Magna Graecia causing the destruction of flourishing cities (such as Sybaris, Siris). The infighting and the eternal rivalry of the poleis will eventually lead to a weakening of the Magna Graecia cities which will become easy prey for the Roman conquerors.

1. back then city states not countries, not sure why the map distinguishes Greece and Macedonia... as Macedonians are greeks as well

I was honestly disappointed that you have singled out Greece on the map from ancient Greek Macedonia.

Macedonia at the time was a citt state of Greece...they spoke greek ,they worshipped greek gods,they had the same customs... Macedonia was not colonised

Why is Macedonia shown as a different entity from Greece?

why would you split Greece and kingdom of macedon in two? either its one under the name of greece or you split it in kingdoms and city-states.

Why are in map greece and macedonia as different countries? Macedonia was a greek kingdom

Plato: [The Greeks were never politically unified before the rise of Rome, yet they succeeded in spreading and maintaining a common culture around the Mediterranean sea 'like frogs around a pond"]

The city state of Macedonia was a minor state until after the Persian wars, this map is completely innacurate excluding core lands and adding unrelated ones. Also there’s no reason to have them in separate from the rest of Greece

"Macedonia, is of course a part of Greece" -Stravo Geography Book 7, Fragment 9 (circa 7bc -23 ad)

Excellent video ! The Greeks are the most fascinating ethnic group in history. We can’t wait for more 🙏🏼

Why Greece and Macedonia are separated and why it's in the map such a country as ''Greece''?

Byzantium which the city of Constantinople would one day built on was founded by the ekristes Byzas. He was believed to have been the son of King Nisos of Megara, who after consulting the Oracle of Delphi sent Byzas to find and settle; "the land opposite the city of the blind". It was also around this time Megara was looking for sites to set up new colonies. So in essence Megara was the metropolis of Byzantium and later Constantinople.

Greeks where honestly the best group of people in history for me they knew how to travel, build cities and most importantly kick ass.

I'd be really excited to learn more about the rise and fall of the mythical Greek city of Sybaris in Calabria, which later became Thuri and then Copia (Roman city). Unfortunately, almost there isnt much to be found in the original site due to the cities "sinking into the ground", and also because there are 3 cities "stacked" on top of each other... The city's existence barely survives recognition in present day, despite being known as one of the most decedent cities of her time, thereby creating the phrase "living like a Sybarite" which means living excessively in luxury and pleasure. There is also hardly any publications about this, but considering its importance as the start of the Isthmic way (the land migratory path across Calabria) which likely to have contributed to the eventual founding of Naples, I think Sybaris deserves more studying and historical recognition

the distinction of macedonia and Greece in your channel is rather suspicius...the funny thing is that athens was city state sparta..etc..and there were not yet a unified country,and yet you call it Greece...as you wanted so bad to make that distinction...and you know very well that in this case you are wrong in the best case scenario...maybe...your funding sources,wanted that also...anyways....the video was as always of a very good quality.

A small clarification. It is at least provocative to present Macedonia as a separate part of the rest of ancient Greece, while the same is not done with the other city-states e.g. Sparta, Athens. We all know that ancient Macedonia was a Hellenistic state, such as Thebes, Argos and Corinth, Sparta and Athens. By separating it on the map, you are probably questioning something like that. After all, this is a key condition of the Prespa agreement: "There is an explicit clarification that the citizens of the country (North Macedonia) are not related to ancient Hellenic civilization that previously inhabited the northern regions of Greece. Specifically, Article mentions that both countries acknowledge that their respective understanding of the terms "Macedonia" and "Macedonian" refers to a different historical context and cultural heritage. When reference is made to Greece, these terms denote the area and people of its northern region, as well as the Hellenic civilization, history and culture of that region. When reference is made to the Republic of North Macedonia, these terms denote its territory, language and people, with their own, distinctly different, history and culture. (Article 7, Prespa Agreement)

sorry but why did you put Macedonia and Greece separate?because macedonia is greek and whe know this through history an d historical and ancient discoveries and from ancient sources

It's really interesting to compare ancient greek colonisation to modern (19th) colonialism. It actually was a very diffrent process.

Curious as to why “Macedonia” is shown as separate from the rest of Greece. It was a Greek city state. You guys need to correct that. Thanks.

The map is simply wrong...I dont see why Macedonia is different from Greece and why it has this borders since in the era of Greek Colonization 900-700 Β.C Macedonia was a very small kingdom in the area of modern Pieria.

It’s absolutely incredibly how far the Greeks were able to go and document - Pytheas of Massalia travelled to or was able to describe Britain, Ireland, Iceland and even the Arctic! He was quite unflattering about just how miserable Britannia and Ireland were though 😂

Next how the greeks colonized the black sea

Nice video! A small but important detail: the Orange coloured on the map depicts greek city srates and the green the Macedonian kingdom. Those Macedonians were greeks for sure

Awesome video! And with a great tie in to the Alexander series! We can clearly see that there was no randomness in Alexander's founding and naming of cities. He clearly was not just focused on feats of Homeric Glory, but wanted to be the most famed and prolific Ekistes in all of history, and follow in the footsteps of his hero and ancestor, Heracles. It's impossible to forget a person who is worshipped as founding hero across the world.

Greek history always amazes me! Good video K&G keep it up!

I think the misconseption about the greek world is to place it only on mainland Greece, but Greece at that time was also in Anatolia (and actually places like Izmir were still basically greek cities until the 20th century). I think it would be better to picture Greece as a bridge between the western european world and the easter world. So in the map shown, I would have added also the turkish coast as Greece (what was Troy after all if not a sort of "greek" city in Anatolia?)

Visual aids are such an incredibly helpful guide for things like this. I remember learning this in school and not understanding how the Greeks made it all the way to modern day France, Italy, Egypt, Libya and Tunis, Turkey and the Levant. But when you see how they sailed around the Mediterranean, it just seems so obvious.

Why the hell Macedonia is portrayed on the first map as different area from rest of Greece ????

Macedonia shouldn't have different colour from the rest of Greece.

These maps, man... Firstly, Macedon is part of Greece. Secondly, Macedonia in the 6th century BC (when Lydia conquered the Greek colonies in Asia Minor, as shown in the map) controlled little more of Pieria and Emathia, which in the map is being greatly exaggerated. Just some insight that I believe to be helpful.

This is hands down the greatest channel on you tube. I have been a huge history fan my whole life, I studied it at Uni and I could read about it and watch it all day. This channel is the most amazing resource. My hat goes off to all who are involved with the channel. Thank you all so much for all the research and the wonderful videos.

Why is Makedonia not shown as a part of Greece, Makedonia is Greek! Alexander was Greek!!!

Why this video's map on Macedonia looks like a modern propaganda map theory? Macedonians were ancient Greeks also, Herodotus himself wrote about how the Macedonian Kings considered themselves Hellenes and as a part of the rest of the Hellenic world. When you are including all the ancient Greek tribes in a single map and you present it as 'Greece' then you shouldn't leave out the ancient Macedonians just because of their political conflicts with some of the other Greeks like the Athenians.

Herodotus: Macedonians were Dorians. Dorians were Greek tribe that includes Spartan people ,cretans etc

Is very misleading and kinda weird for someone that claims to know well the history, that Macedonia is depicted with a different color and borders from the rest of ancient Greek states, as it was something different. This is completely false, as ancient Macedonia was nothing different than another greek kingdom, with the same language and civilization like all the rest city states and greek kingdoms of the ancient era. Lydia, on the other hand, was of a different civilization and language and is correctly depicted as such.

Could you do a video on the Austronesian expansion, emerging from mainland Southeast Asia to eventually settling the Pacific?

Why do you show Macedonia on the map separately to Greece? Macedonia was a part of the ancient Greek world and was created earlier during the Greek colonisation by Greek tribes.

The art direction for this channel has always been great but it really is just getting better and better as well as more frequent. Amazing job

I always wanted to know more about this. Great video K & G!

Very interesting video! I’ve always wondered about how Greek colonization worked and why it was so prevalent compared to other civilizations of the time.

Great documentary, thank you Kings and Generals Team!

For those saying that Macedonia wasn't Greek I want to remind you that Philip was the man that had the idea of united Greece and his son Alexander the great was the one that achieved his idea

The world own soo much to the Greek civilisation .Our western culture is their Greek heritage

i am interested in chess a bit, and i know there was in history of chess great player called Gioachino Greco from Calabria (aka Greco), i always thought he was italian, but after this movie i am pretty sure of his greek origin lol, he left first written records of chess games (XVII c) , i've studied some of them , amazing stuff.

As a Greek I want to thank you for your objective work over our ancient history, something that we weren’t really taught in schools in that extend. From the time I’ve discovered your channel, I’ve learnt so many things about history! Keep up the good work!!!

I'd like to visit 💼and film🎥 all above mentioned places as they feature so many ancient gems!💖💗💚 Thank you for a great video!🙀👍

The art in this video is gorgeous. Favorite part of the video honestly.

can you explain why you have greece and macedonia separate?macedonia was greek just like pelloponissos or thessaly.

As Greek I freaking love this channel !!!!

Love your videos. I think you’re one of the best history RU-vid channels and your graphics are some of the best

Well, tbh I don't think K&G had any propagandistic intention when showing the kingdom of Macedon, separated from rest of Greece... Afterwards, they had covered this topic multiple times in previous vids...I just believe that the true reason they did this separation is that Macedon by the time of first colonization was considered a backward, trivial and semi-barbaric kingdom in the edge of the Greek world which didn't participate in the colonisation...I believe that what they should have done, is describing Southern Greece as "Greek city- states" rather than "Greece" to avoid misunderstandings...

This was fascinating! I'm surprised I knew so little about this! I would love more videos on some of these colonies and really just ancient Greece in general. Thank you! Stay well out there everybody, and God bless you friends! :)

False information. Macedonia was a part of the Hellenic nations. Why is it different from Hellas?

Our new fantasy/sci-fi channel: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-EGNvYbmRgrM.html!

Great job on another video, K & G!

This guy's a machine! It takes me a full week just to make a 10 min video

Damn, i was just thinking Kings and Generals should do something on this subjects. I love you guys!

First of all there is no something like unified Greece back then.There was only city states and why Macedonia is like something else it was a Hellenic tribe like the other cities,if you want to be accurate just separate all the cities states

Good video but wish it focused more on the actual colonies, at least presenting a few maps with timelines - a little disappointed in that regard.

Your map does not show that the Ancient Greeks established colonies in Sicily. Also, the colonies located on the shores of the Black Sea were valuable in growing and shipping much needed wheat, wine and timber to the mainland Greek city states. The timber was especially needed for the construction of Greek war triremes that were instrumental in their naval victory against the Persians in the battle of Salamis

Why is Macedonia separate from Greece? And why is Cyprus not one of the destinations of Greek colonists?

I don't understand this "persistence" of separating Greece and Macedonia in maps and generally. Macedonia was part of Greece, a Greek region. Is this so hard to understand? Don't get confused with, for example, English history in which Scotland is something separate from England.

Great video as always. You mention it correctly but in the map you should write "Greek city states" and "Macedonia". Greece or better the "Greek/hellenistic world" as a whole includes Macedonia and probably thats why you have Macedonia in the map.

Remind me pls why on the map you divide Macedonia from the rest of Greece?I am gonna need a responsible answer about it.

Macedonia was part of Greece 🇬🇷🔆

Lovely video! Thank you!

Great job Ks and Gs! Thank you.

Would love to see a video on Trebizond and The Crimean Principality of Theodoro!!!!!!!

Congratulations for your nice video. Nevertheless, the map leaves the impression that Macedonia is something different from Greece, which of course is wrong. As it is known, after WW2 the communist regime of Yugoslavia created a false macedonian nation, in order to cut many people from their bulgarian roots and to claim Macedonia, which of course is the northern part of Greece. Scientifically there is no doubt that the ancient Macedonians were Greeks, therefore you should aknowlegde the mistake on your map. We must leave politics and propaganda out of History.

Thanks for another great video!

As always, great

Probably my favourite parts of the channel are the greek history ones

Amazing and fascinating video especially that is about Greece, the mother of all Europeans. Thanks for sharing.

Interesting to see this channel shift from military history to history in general-and appropriate; wars have contexts. Video suggestion: how about a comparison of Greek expansion to Phoenician?

Really interesting video!