How the Higgs Mechanism Give Things Mass

Подписаться 3,1 млн

Просмотров 1,5 млн

50% 1

Take the Space Time Fan Survey Here: forms.gle/wS4bj9o3rvyhfKzUA
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
/ pbsspacetime
Fermilab physicists really care about the mass of the W boson. They spent nearly a decade recording collisions in the Tevatron collider and another decade analysing the data. This culminated in the April 7 announcement that this obscure particle’s mass seems to be heavier than expected. So why do we care? Because understanding why this particle even has mass was one of the most important breakthroughs in our understanding of the subatomic world. And because measuring its precise mass either doubles down on our current understanding or reveals a path to an even deeper knowledge. The FermiLab discrepancy is a tantalizing hint of the latter.
Need Catch Up On Your Fundamental Forces?
• The Fundamental Forces...
Check out the Space Time Merch Store
www.pbsspacetime.com/shop
Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/space...
Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Fernando Franco Félix, Graeme Gossel, & Matt O'Dowd
Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria
GFX Visualizations: Fernando Franco Félix
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
Executives in Charge (PBS): Adam Dylewski, Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming (PBS): Gabrielle Ewing
Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.
© 2022 PBS. All rights reserved.
End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / multidroideka
Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters
Big Bang Sponsors
Bryce Fort
Mark Evans
David Taiclet
Daniel Alexiuc
Peter Barrett
David Neumann
Charlie
Leo Koguan
Sandy Wu
Ahmad Jodeh
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Amy
Juan Benet
Vinnie Falco
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas
Quasar Supporters
Alex Kern
Ethan Cohen
Stephen Wilcox
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Hank S
Hypernova Supporters
william bryan
Kirk Honour
drollere
Joe Moreira
Marc Armstrong
Scott Gorlick
Paul Stehr-Green
Adam Walters
Russell Pope
Ben Delo
Scott Gray
Антон Кочков
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
Daniel Muzquiz
Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Carsten Quinlan
Susan Albee
Frank Walker
Matt Q
WhizBangery
Tony Affinito
Avi Yashchin
MHL SHS
Kory Kirk
Terje Vold
Anatoliy Nagornyy
comboy
Brett Baker
Jeremy Soller
Jonathan Conerly
Andre Stechert
Ross Bohner
Paul Wood
Kent Durham
jim bartosh
Nubble
Chris Navrides
Scott R Calkins
The Mad Mechanic
Ellis Hall
John H. Austin, Jr.
Diana S
Ben Campbell
Faraz Khan
Almog Cohen
Alex Edwards
Ádám Kettinger
MD3
Endre Pech
Daniel Jennings
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Nate
Darren Duncan
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Eric Webster
David Johnston
Web Browser
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Bleys Goodson
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
Mark Delagasse
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Martin Skans
The Art of Sin
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
David Neal
Kevin Lee
justahat
John Funai
Tristan
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Daniel Stříbrný
Luaan
Cody
Thomas Dougherty
King Zeckendorff
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne

Опубликовано:

6 июн 2024

Ссылка:

Скачать:

Готовим ссылку...

Добавить в:

Мой плейлист

Посмотреть позже

Комментарии : 2,1 тыс.

@pbsspacetime 2 года назад

If you really want to know about the W boson mass measurement at FermiLab, your favorite W-boson-mass-hunter, Don Lincoln, has you covered. ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-wRhAZ9M-lI8.html

@ahothabeth 2 года назад

I, too, like Don Lincoln and it is well worth subscribing to the Fermilab youTube channel ru-vid.com/show-UCD5B6VoXv41fJ-IW8Wrhz9A . It has great content.

@carryingautoclicks7501 2 года назад

thanks mr time spacema

@theredturtle4471 2 года назад

What would happen if there wasnt just one single mass for a W boson, and it could vary in mass. Just a throw-out-there idea.

@HenryCristo 2 года назад

Fermilab channel is awesome, so it is this one.

@curtissharpe7084 2 года назад

The title should be 'How the Higgs Mechanism gives'.

@Josecannoli1209 2 года назад

I feel like this channel started out late high-school level and has slowly pushed us into late college level stuff. As some one who’s been here from the start its great and I feel like I have received a valuable education minus the deep math

@pacotaco1246 2 года назад

They're simplifying early grad school stuff in this video

@Redfizh 2 года назад

Schools never have data this new. This is fresh 2022 stuff straight out of the oven.

@TestTestGo 2 года назад

@@Redfizh the fermilab measurement is new, but the meat of this episode, the mathematical origin for mass in these particles is something that has been around for a while. Higgs came up with his prediction of the Higgs boson decades ago, before we had the equipment to confirm it actually existed. These concepts are taught at university level.

@PetraKann 2 года назад

Math whether it’s shallow or deep is not related to Science which is primarily a tool or method which was discovered by Eratosthenes over 2,000 years ago. Mathematics is field of inquiry that belongs in the Arts Faculty like logical Philosophy, finger painting, sculpture, dance and acting. In fact, mathematics is one of the purest forms of Art. Music and marketing are closer to Science than what mathematics is. This is not to say that Art doesnt talk to Science - it does! Everything we do and think of is interrelated in some way - often in subtle or obscure ways. We need to be careful when coupling the claims, theorems and discoveries made in one field or discipline with those made in another field.

@szamszatan 2 года назад

@@PetraKann beautifully written, are you an acedemic?

@antonovcharenko8759 2 года назад

That’s one of the most challenging recent videos. Wish I could say I learnt something, but it doesn’t click yet. Some learning and re-watching to do first! Don’t dumb it down, it’s entertaining to be pushed to learn.

@erinkarp 2 года назад

I agree completely

@literalantifaterrorist4673 2 года назад

I'll be listening intently, and then realized I phased out for 2 seconds and need to rewatch a few minutes, lol.

@Number16BusShelter 2 года назад

I think I’m going to need to watch previous episodes mentioned in the video to understand this one

@anexesstormlord7193 2 года назад

I hate to break it to you, but I guarantee you this *is* being dumbed down. A lot. There's a reason this stuff is an entire scientific field of its own. (Yes, I also went back and watched all the referenced videos and no, I still don't understand like 60% of it lol)

@antonovcharenko8759 2 года назад

@@anexesstormlord7193 sure it is, but I think there’s still a lot of room for further dumbing down. I appreciate the current level of accessibility.

@crowlsyong 2 года назад

This show is one of the best things I’ve ever come across. Thank you PBS, Matt, Editors, Effects, Audio, and all the nameless folks who bring this freely to us all. What a time to be alive.

@JB-gi5ph 2 года назад

This was excellent. The 3-D mapping of the "Mexican Hat" really helped me understand how a symmetrical field can still have random elements. That "ahh, now I get it!" moment.

@Robert_McGarry_Poems 2 года назад

I love being talked through the hieroglyphics.

@osmosisjones4912 2 года назад

why can't photons count as negative mass

@TheoEvian 2 года назад

easier than the chinese characters, let me tell you that!

@meowmeowmeow594 2 года назад

@@osmosisjones4912 because photons have no mass

@literalantifaterrorist4673 2 года назад

@@osmosisjones4912 Why would they?

@clementngai370 2 года назад

@@TheoEvian 永遠不會放棄你

@ketsuekikumori9145 2 года назад

Matt: Don't worry. It's not on the test. Some physics teacher somewhere: Oh, but it is!

@osmosisjones4912 2 года назад

the higs field sounds like negative mass

@pierfrancescopeperoni 2 года назад

@@osmosisjones4912 Get out of my Lagrangian you negative mass, or I'll use imaginary velocity to defeat you.

@gertjan1710 2 года назад

@@osmosisjones4912 If you stick the higgs field to energy then it doesnt become more heavy

@revenevan11 2 года назад

Then the music at 17:48 plays 💀

@nice3294 2 года назад

This was such a great explanation beyond the classic "the particles bump into the higgs field slowing them down" explanation.

@jogandsp 2 года назад

I normally understand your episodes, but most of this one went over my head. I'm sure that just reflects what a complex topic it is. Thanks as always for putting out amazing content! Even though I didn't understand a lot of it, I'm glad to know that these exciting developments are happening!

@pawelparadysz Год назад

at first quantum mechanics was super complex also, it just took a looong time before we learned how to explain it, and this topic is relatively fresh

@jasonp7091 9 месяцев назад

We've been looking into the details of really small things, and we've been figuring out more and more of it. Some things make sense, and parts of the theory predict each other. Kind of like if you hear a mooing sound, then you can look and you'll find a cow. Likewise if you see a cow, you'll probably hear it moo. They predict each other. It seems like most of the universe should be like this, and largely, this is what we find. They give the example of a bowl with a ball that can roll up and down any of the sides in the bowl, and it's always symmetrical. You see the ball roll up one side and it should roll down the other. But if there's a bump in the center? Then the ball can't roll evenly from one side to the other. It picks a random direction from the top of the center bump and gets stuck down that side. It's no longer symmetrical. There are moos with no cows and cows with no moos. When you do the math, that part matches the bit where the particle's mass should come from.

@dlrosbury 8 месяцев назад

I really like Matt as a presenter. His grasp of the material here is impressive. To hear him able to lay it all out in what sounds like such a clear and logical progression and all the while I'm near totally lost. It's a beautiful thing to listen to, but really, in the case of this episode, it's more like I'm just dazzled by an awesome display of the aurora borealis. I can't touch it and I just can't stop watching, or in this case listening. Bits of it do make sense, nevertheless, in the end it's all quite satisfying to hear it all come down to another fascinating aspect of... Space-Time. Ditto, over my head!

@DustWolphy 7 месяцев назад

Is it hard to say that it's just explained a bit unclear? It's hard to follow if you have limited understanding of the topics, because he moves from concept to concept before you have time to get your bearings. There are other youtubers who make it easier to understand. It's also worded a bit colorfully on purpose. I suppose that's what most people here are after, it's like a form of poetry.

@thatsreallyamoon 5 месяцев назад

This topic isn’t easy. I have an MS in applied physics, for perspective. Some things are just hard. I don’t get a lot of it either.

@Aaron-Fife 2 года назад

I can usually follow along and understand each episode, but this one went way over my head. Guess I need to refresh my memory with a few more episodes... Of SpaceTime.

@PK1312 2 года назад

I'm glad I"m not the only one. I kept having to skip back because I was getting totally lost, usually I'm able to follow without a problem haha. Not a criticism, mind!

@nilborne1 2 года назад

I want to understand, but sadly I do not. Most certainly NOT our host's fault.

@victorfranca17 2 года назад

It comes down to how particles interact with the substrate and each other. And how different patches of space interact with each other. As things at the smallest scales seem to be quantum and come in discreet slices. The math is just measurements. What we can observe.

@slashhack1463 2 года назад

@@marcosolo6491 I really want to dive into the math on this. Are there any books you can recommend?

@LuisSierra42 2 года назад

Yeah, this builds upon a lot of difficult concepts that hey have explained earlier like symmetries and transformations

@tretolien1195 2 года назад

This is probably one of your more difficult episodes to grasp for non-physics majors, yet also one of your most fascinating, it will be exciting to see whether the Fermilab result holds up to scrutiny!

@osmosisjones4912 2 года назад

the higs field sounds like negative mass

@sherryfax 2 года назад

I am an electrical engineer, fimiliar with the math and most terms and I find this incredibly hard to understand.

@paulbennett7021 2 года назад

Don't know about that, I'm not a non-physics major - whatever that is (musician & linguist) - but I sort of got this.

@Deltexterity 2 года назад

@@paulbennett7021 well im also not a physics major and *extremely* confused, you have to understand that not everyone is you.

@DrDeuteron 2 года назад

I think Fermilab data are the scrutiny. Also: this is difficult for physics majors, too.

@KerbalHub 2 года назад

I'm not supposed to be in this class...

@alaska4joe Месяц назад

😂😂

@sencoptico 2 года назад

Finally an explanation of the higgs mechanism that answers a lot of my "ok, but where did it come from?" questions! I love this episode.

@brago.gameplays 2 года назад

Quite mesmerizing

@brago.gameplays 2 года назад

The amount of self confidence to say mass just "math'd out into existence" is why physics are for wizards.

@Soken50 2 года назад

@@brago.gameplays Hippity Hoppity There goes gravity Mom's Spaghetti

@drankenstein5241 2 года назад

@Daniel E. 556⁵⁵⁴

@dchappy6985 2 года назад

Heh explaination please? The thumbnail said "Explaination... of Mechanism" not a more detailed possible "description".

@genericytprofile852 2 года назад

It's episodes like this that make me wanna go rewatch the 10 or so episodes before. I find it's like a new layer of understanding being revealed every rewatch. Goes to show how info dense these things really are!

@jaredf6205 2 года назад

I’ve been thinking of starting from the beginning now that I understand more.

@jaredf6205 2 года назад

I just rewatched all the videos in the playlist in the description before rewatching this one and it helped me understand this video much better.

@supermendi0078 2 года назад

I’m studying these at university right now and I gotta say you did a great job summarizing the most important concepts. Explaining symmetries is quite challenging, and those animations really help to better grasp the ideas involved.

@jacksonstarky8288 2 года назад

I completed the survey before this episode came out... and this episode was almost exactly what I asked for in my survey responses. I loved the deeper mathematics here... and I'm going to have to watch the episode at least once more to completely absorb the equations. Thank you!

@viscinium 2 года назад

There's something akin to cosmic horror in this, but it's also beautiful

@gljames24 2 года назад

It's quite literally existential so that makes total sense.

@doublejazz 2 года назад

Yeah thinking that we only exist thanks to some weird quirks in the universe symettries that cause things to have mass is kinda spooky

@Xeridanus 2 года назад

Someone recently described cosmic horror/madness like this: Imagine you're an ant walking along a computer board. The landscape is made of a strange material and various things are humming around you. Suddenly, you understand what it all means. It's using lightning to do math (whatever that is). It's communicating with others like it in places so far away you can barely comprehend. Giant alien beings are playing "games" another concept you don't even have a word for. And then just as suddenly you're an ant again, desperately trying to keep this knowledge in your head and experience it again. So yeah, this is cosmic horror/madness. Getting glimpses of the true nature of things we're not made to understand.

@nice3294 2 года назад

15:37 theres also something about the way he describes the weak bosons

@Sorrowdusk 2 года назад

@@Xeridanus Or maybe not an Ant but a Moth. Then the world opens up and *He comes* to remove the 'bug' in his machine.

@pk10006 2 года назад

I come here for the heavy puns. So far i'm massively impressed.

2 года назад

That's a good topic because we can all weigh in on it

@brothermine2292 2 года назад

I prefer to keep things light.

@TheRealSkeletor 2 года назад

Some of us are just too dense to pick up on the good jokes.

@inamdarsaquib9528 2 года назад

I come here for iq dose. Biology and chemistry are dumb

@cyancoyote7366 2 года назад

"So far... so bad. But let's forge on anyway and hope it all gets sorted out" Every physicist in history ever.

@OGIslingr 2 года назад

I responded to the episode idea survey about a week ago and requested that the higgs mechanism explained episode be revisited and here it is! Thank you PBS Space Time! Thoroughly enjoyed it! :D

@simesaid 2 года назад

Yeah, the 'further explication' eps are always welcome. But each episode takes weeks to produce, plan, shoot & edit before they get to our screens. They don't just knock one out within a few days of a viewer suggestion.

@simesaid 2 года назад

...but good suggestion anyway!😀

@OGIslingr 2 года назад

@@simesaid I was simply stating that I wrote the same topic as a response in the previous weeks survey. I did not say that they used my suggestion and created this video because of it lol. It was exciting to see the topic come up after I had been wanting it revisited.

@protestifications 2 года назад

Me: ok time to sleep SpaceTime: Why does the W Boson’s mass matter? Me: 🤔

@n0rie9a 2 года назад

me too, started the vid with only 4 hrs of sleep left till work

@DylanOLeary1163 2 года назад

As as non-physics major, I really like seeing these episodes which explain the formula and then show how it gets converted to some kind of real world representation. It's a gap I often have a hard time bridging in my head.

@FOR-VALOUR Год назад

Very informative video and extremely enjoyable to watch. I'm very happy I found your channel.

@calebderochea8304 2 года назад

As someone who is just about to graduate with a BS in Physics, I'm glad that I'm now at least able to follow along with 90% of what's going on in this video. To be fair, I am not a particle physicist and am focused more on astrophysics, but I can still at least figure out what's going on.

@Haannibal777 2 года назад

My physics degree was over 20 years ago. I struggle to remember if they taught me some of the stuff I watched but just forgotten it or if I didn’t learn it at all. Nonetheless given what I do now has nothing to do with physics, my passion of it has only mildly diminished.

@marcellisrobinson 2 года назад

Take a grad level QM course, plus QFT using Peskin & Schroeder. Otherwise, we'll have only a qualitative feel for the video, based on our understanding of undergraduate QM

@Kwauhn. 2 года назад

You've just gotta tap that notification banner when it says "PBS Spacetime"

@Josecannoli1209 2 года назад

I feel this personally

@tobias76 2 года назад

I disagree. I can't just dive into these whenever. I gotta set the *mood*

@heisenbergstayouttamyterri1508 2 года назад

The last "Space Time" is one of the few things that dispel my monotony and enable me to do anything! Thank you Matt for everything!!!! ❤ from Bangladesh!!!

@jacovawernett3077 2 года назад

Namaste and L'chaim from Jerusalem. Salem.

@APieceOfThePast 2 года назад

I think you just blew my brain. I completely concur with everyone else - this channel started out with A/S to A Level Physics and we’re now well into University level. That’s to be expected (and excellent). Amazing work… but I somehow feel like I skipped some chapters in the textbook somewhere! Is this just a clever trick to get me to rewatch all the past videos for a sixth and seventh time?!

@bonniedavis4601 9 месяцев назад

I second the motion!

@talesmusic739 Год назад

I'm brasilian and I'm learning English. This channel is very good 👍🏾

@monkeywrench2800 2 года назад

Can't get enough of this channel !! Super educational and helps me to feel like I know something now.

@Leptospirosi 2 года назад

me too, except I really have no idea what I know now...

@osmosisjones4912 2 года назад

the higs field sounds like negative mass

@osmosisjones4912 2 года назад

can photos work as negative mass

@UncleZopity 2 года назад

Y'all ever take a crap so big that when you go to sit down the next day, some of it squirt out onto your legs & back?

@majinvegeta9280 2 года назад

I love this channel but some of the stuff is way out my wheelhouse but thats one reason I'm here I guess

@zhangalex734 2 года назад

Wow more of these videos that go into the math, please! I have to stop multiple times to cross-reference text books but wow these overviews with a bit in depth explanations are awesome.

@LuisSierra42 2 года назад

There are tons of videos where they explain the actual equations, in fact i think this is the only physics channel that does so

@andrewwmitchell 2 года назад

You've just given me EXACTLY the video I asked for in the fan survey. That is the very best service possible, thank you!

@Rastasandrainbows 2 года назад

This was one of the more fascinating and rewarding videos to follow. Our universe’s mechanisms are beautiful even without being able to see the whole picture yet.

@Alorand 2 года назад

What I appreciate the most is the feeling of "lossless compression of information" Often helpful metaphors are used to explain science, but there is a nagging feeling that crucial details were glossed over.

@chrislaws4785 2 года назад

Watching this channel and learning about the things that scientists are ACTUALLY doing and learning, has been the ONLY thing that has given me hope for the future of man kind. The very opposite of what watching main stream news channels do.

@sluggdiddyyddidgguls 2 года назад

I am shocked at how much this sparked my memory from my modern physics and quantum mechanics courses from 12 years ago...thought I had lost most of that math and information.

@themudpit621 Год назад

You don't lose it, it just sits there taking up neurons, occasionally laughing at your university fee debts. Bless it.

@user-fc8xw4fi5v Год назад

We really need some new videos on QCD! You are by far one of the most thorough, digestible YT channels for this quantum mechanics content; your recent videos now have me interested in why fermions have mass and how the strong force symmetries come into play; I cannot find any other good videos on the topic.

@jamesmnguyen 2 года назад

It still blows my mind that this is how the universe works at the quantum scale. Yet it seems so natural with the aforementioned symmetries

@viliml2763 2 года назад

It's *kind of* how the universe works. We know all our current theories have flaws, and in the worst case scenario they might all just be approximations that just happen to work really well. But the relationship between forces and symmetries is certainly a great discovery and a big step towards the truth.

@jamesmnguyen 2 года назад

@@viliml2763 That is it true, but I believe the Standard Model is close to the "true" theory of everything similar to how Newtonian Gravity is General Relativity when moving slow.

@andrewandcubes 2 года назад

Thank you for this, I’ve been hoping you would cover the details of this news since I heard about it. Pleasantly surprised that you were able to cover it so soon!

@lud3269 2 года назад

I swear I'm addicted to this channel, I've discover it a few weeks ago and since then I've watched dozens of videos, the quality is awesome and the script of the videos too, I'm not fluent in English yet so the subtitles help me a lot, sometimes I have to search a word he said but this is great cuz I'm learning new words while watching educacional videos, so thank you for feeding the curiosity of this curious being(If I have made a gramatical error in this comment pls tell me💀).

@Austin-bk9qk Год назад

I know this is eight months later, but I would have thought you were a native speaker of English if you hadn’t mentioned you were not fluent. If all your written English is like this then I would say you are fluent, or at least incredibly close. For context, I’m very adept at English even among native speakers. I read constantly online, and a lot of older generation Americans who speak English natively don’t come close to your level of quality in this comment.

@bloobushviper5709 2 года назад

I expected something light to just listen to while I was stressed. Definitely gonna come back to this video when my head is clear and I can pay attention because this looks like it's answering my questions about the Higgs field and stuff!

@slevinchannel7589 2 года назад

Atheist-RU-vidrs, Conspiracy-Debunkers and Science-Channel are basically blood-related; to the point where they even overlap in what they cover... all the time. So many cover Problems with Religion, even if we exclude Cult-Experts like Telltale from said Family of Channel.

@jessstuart7495 2 года назад

I propose a new class of particles called bozoffs, which carry anti-forces.

@darikdatta 2 года назад

I'm picturing Mr. Miyagi teaching physics.

@danieljensen2626 2 года назад

Honestly bozoff is 100x better than the names of all of the super symmetric particles. You're unironically much better at coming up with names than any actual particle physicists.

@davidparadis490 2 года назад

The world is full of bozos

@Doomclown 2 года назад

The union of physics theories is broken by bezos.

@JorgetePanete 2 года назад

bozos

@newrev9er 2 года назад

I really do love listening to Spacetime. Mat does a fantastic job of explaining such complicated ideas to us non-experts.

@BumBahKlat 2 года назад

Thanks for making these videos with great visuals and explanations. They make it enjoyable when I’m watching them for the 20th time, like this one, to understand them. This one is a lot to take in but really a desired subject. Thanks for making it digestible for us out here. Please keep doing your amazing work.

@ThefLukeful 2 года назад

I literally suggested an episode on the "extra" mass of the w-boson and Higgs field interactions in the survey last weekend and of course you guys were already 4 steps ahead of me LOL. Amazing as always

@martinstefanov4078 2 года назад

You and me both, coincidentally I also suggested they revisit the Higgs mechanism so they hit two birds with one stone with this one 🤣

@Seraph.G 2 года назад

The middle made my head spin, but the end brought it together in a way that actually gave me an approximate (if simple) understanding!

@concernedspectator 2 года назад

The last time I was this early, electroweak symmetry hadn't broken yet

@Timesend 2 года назад

Is usually struggled understanding most of your vids especially the ones about the fields , particles etc. however this one gelled with me and increased my knowledge greatly , thanks for this awesome content

@elysiumdevice 2 года назад

I love this show, thanks Matt at PBS! Its like a strangely therapeutic escape from the drama and turmoil of news and world events.

@DanHarkless_Halloween_YTPs_etc 11 месяцев назад

IKR! The spacelike backgrounds, the gentle synth music, and Matt's supernaturally calm and wryly amusing presentation style really hit the spot for me too. (Not just world events, but life events, in my case.)

@lookoutforchris 2 года назад

Looking forward to a compilation of this channel's content in book form. There's so many videos at this point, with deep interrelations, that I feel like a Space Time encyclopedia makes sense.

@BunnyOfThunder 2 года назад

This is going on the "rewatch a few times" list :D But it's fun to puzzle through the challenging stuff sometimes. Doing so with the General Relativity playlist is what got me into this channel.

@amytaylor1054 Год назад

Hello there👋how are you doing today? Hope you stay blessed as you’re already.God bless you🥰

@Rishikotenkirama 10 месяцев назад

PBS is a national treasure! I love PBS Space Time and all of the free knowledge!!!

@2Sor2Fig 2 года назад

7:50 - When he said "don't worry, this won't be on the test." It just reminded me that he's got a PHD and is also a professor, so for a few people out there, this genuinely was on the test. Poor bastards, should have been smart and jumped ship to biology while you had the chance. Real talk, the math was delightful. Watching Spacetme has, oddly, greatly helped improve my knowledge of math more than anything else. Edit: 11:00 - Just realised Leonard Susskind did a popular lecture on this 15 years ago that's floating around on RU-vid. I'd watched it but never really got it, this helped a lot. Link to the Susskind lecture: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-JqNg819PiZY.html Edit: 16:45 - I've always believed that you're either born a scientist, or shaped into one. I was definitely born into it. I've always counted myself lucky to have been part of this... thing, to get to understand at least some of the beauty, if not all of it. Statistically speaking, a little African kid shouldn't. Much Love from Zimbabwe. I think this was your episode so far.

@kindlin 2 года назад

Biochem is my arch nemesis. I went civil engineering and then had a good dose of math, for the first time, in master's structural. My passion for physics, that Spacetime has helped to foster and expand, has been growing for a long time, but this is the first episode of any program, ever, to give an intuitive understanding of the what it means to have a symmetry break, and the math bears that out. This is astounding, and it makes me want to go get a physics degree even more.

@2Sor2Fig 2 года назад

@@kindlin Clearly, we should have all just done pure physics, lol. I feel you on the symmetry breaking, this is the best explanation I've heard of it.

@oisnowy5368 2 года назад

One of the important things in science is that where experiments can be used (you cannot repeat the exact same earthquake, or a nova), those experiments should be reproducible. The multitude of W-boson mass measurements made so far tend to lie (as in not-sitting or standing) quite some distance apart, the latest disagreeing the most. I'd love to see some more W-boson mass measurements and other measurements of bosons. And explanations for why some of the other experiments had produced their lower values. Taking measurements is hard and there's lot to learn about that, perhaps even more than there is to learn about W's mass.

@GeoffryGifari 2 года назад

i don't work in experimental high energy, but knowing that scientists primarily pushes for originality, wonder just how much effort is expended in reproducing other results? does CERN allocate some timeslots per year just to confirm the finding of others?

@KeithCooper-Albuquerque 2 года назад

Great episode, Matt! I finally have grasped a little more of the Higgs mechanism. Even better, I'm more stoked to learn even more. Keep up the great content!

@amytaylor1054 Год назад

Hello there👋how are you doing today? Hope you stay blessed as you’re already.God bless you!🥰

@davidianmusic4869 2 года назад

Thanks for keeping the level of discourse up. I could take the math for granted, as I’ve done in the past, but following this channel has helped me understand more of it. I’ll be watching this a few times and figuring along.

@NeoCyrus777 2 года назад

Matt, please, mercy. This video melted my brain.

@alaska4joe Месяц назад

😂

@LA-MJ 2 года назад

this is one of those episodes that you can't watch at 2x or 1x for that matter... head.. it hurtzzz

@rayoflight62 2 года назад

With this episode, you touched the bleeding edge of the current state of particle physics. My compliments for the extreme clarity of your explanations, and the discussion of the current open questions in the sector (I don't want to say "field"!). There is no passing comment I can actually write on the matter, so I abstain - but I keep thinking. Thank you for all your dedication; Regards, Anthony...

@Axel123thebest Месяц назад

This channel is a true treasure, thank you for your dedication

@overanalyzed5258 Год назад

Watching this feels like the crossover scene in avengers endgame where all these different characters and pieces fiinly come together

@supersonictumbleweed 2 года назад

How come Matt looks like a character from The Long Dark? I appreciate this another take on explaining Higgs Matt. You're the best!

@slevinchannel7589 2 года назад

@jaquessiemasz8650 2 года назад

absolutely mind blowing stuff. incredible how far we've come in our understanding in just the last century

@willhastings731 2 года назад

Wow... the combination of script + illustrations for this episode was spot on... I've never seen that way of visualizing symmetries before and it really clicked.

@amytaylor1054 Год назад

Hello there👋how are you doing today? Hope you stay blessed as you’re already.God bless you!🥰

@Ni999 2 года назад

Shout out the late, great Steven Weinberg who surely deserves to be remembered by name for much of this episode.

@ericstromquist9458 2 года назад

As a long-ago physics major (who ended up in an entirely different field) I really appreciate your going into real mathematical detail instead of the usual analogies and hand waving in typical popularizations. Particularly the idea that because the coupling term in the Lagrangian has the same mathematical form as would a term in the Lagrangian that signifies mass, the dynamics that result are indistinguishable from it actually being mass.

@FredPlanatia 2 года назад

It was nice to see that old friend the Langrangian again after so many years. I remember how beautiful and audacious I thought it was when i first was introduced to it. Somebody (Joseph-Loius Lagrange) just sits down and solves ALL mechanics problems in a general way once and for all!

@ericstromquist9458 2 года назад

@@FredPlanatia Yes, one of the three really elegant nineteenth (?) century formulations, along with Hamilton's equations and Poisson brackets!

@Twenty-Seven 2 года назад

Easily one of the best physics channels in the world. Great videos for learning relevant details about physics and math that may slip through common understanding.

@falconmediaworks9479 2 года назад

Planck Yeah! This is a fantastic channel truly refreshing and something different. Thank You!

@djbslectures 2 года назад

Awesome episode. I really appreciate the non-dummed down math!

@MrDino1953 2 года назад

Pity about the spelling though.

@djbslectures 2 года назад

@@MrDino1953 🤣

@djbslectures 2 года назад

@@MrDino1953 Spelling = dumbed over, math = not dumbed down.

@denisfolcher4480 2 года назад

a new PBS video, direct auto like :)

@FerrisMcLauren 3 месяца назад

You are the reason physics is dying

@ffs55 2 года назад

Thanks Matt and team for taking this on. Courage!

@apophenic_ 2 года назад

This is by far the best explanation I have ever heard. I love you.

@FausterZ 2 года назад

It would be nice to have an episode discussing the Higgs coupling to the Fermion fields for a hopefully simpler example. Also, that Chi-cubed term looks like an anti-Hermetian term, which is usually bad when you are talking about potentials.There is one that pops up in the Dirac equation, but it is resolved if you expand the electron field by expressing the positron field as a relativistic expansion of the electron field. Is something similar going on in this case?

@craigsimpson9561 2 года назад

Silly question,: If there are a ring of valid vacuum states available, and the universe has settled upon one of the many, then is there any reason for the "interior" of a black hole to also settle into the same state, or could a black hole potentially contain another one of the many possible options? Likewise, as the curvature becomes increasingly more extreme around and inside the event horizon, is it possible for several vacuum states to exist in discrete boundaries further and further within the black hole without conflict? If so, would this lead to varied values for the Higgs boson within each level, leading to nested shells of increasing (or decreasing) vacuum states? If so, what consequence would this have for the "mass" of the entire system? Presumably, the confined surface (volume) of a black hole would not only permit different values to the infinite and flat external spacetime of the observable universe, right? Feels like I'm definitely missing something here... probably means that I need to rewatch the entire series again, eh?

@adlockhungry304 2 года назад

What I thought you were going to say: “If there are a ring of valid vacuum states available, and the universe has settled upon one of the many, then is there truly one ring to rule them all?”

@RibusPQR 2 года назад

The inside of a black hole is a region of spacetime which has indefinitely delayed transmitting any information to the rest of the universe, except through "gravity" or deforming spacetime itself. Speculations about the nature of that interior can never be proven nor disproven, and so are unscientific.

@garethdean6382 2 года назад

This largely depends on what the interior of a black hole IS, which is currently only theoretical. For example, if matter compresses and increases in temperature during collapse it's possible for the space within to reach a higher energy state. Possibly all of a black hole's mass\energy is stored in a sphere of high energy vacuum. Other theories invoke wormholes or loop quantum gravity. So the answer to your question is a definite maybe, we have yet to find the theory or experiment that will answer it for us.

@nataliem4434 2 года назад

Loved how you went into the math a bit here, please do more of this!

@elenalaloca3880 2 года назад

As I was watching this episode, my husband comes up to massage my shoulders (I love that), watches with me for a short stint, and walks away saying "How can you understand ANY of that!?" ... It helps that I've been watching PBS spacetime (and other lectures etc) for the last several years, spiral notepads full of notes and equations... and having a passion of learning physics and quantum mechanics. It's actually thrilling to know I was able to follow the video, and now I have a few more hours ahead of me to dive back into many of the references that was mentioned. I wish videos like these were available 30-40 years ago when I was in school, it would have made such a difference to my future. At least I enjoy this all now as a hobby. Keep up the good work!

@dreamingwolf8382 2 года назад

If the universe has a mexican hat potential, does that mean that salsa is the stable vacuum state on the chip of the higgs field?

@scmontgomery 2 года назад

Glorious comment

@Eisenwulf666 2 года назад

i like how when there's something we can't really understand the cause of, it's probably another particle we don't know yet. And to be fair, it probably is. Always new stuff to discover. I wonder if the particles are real or just a manifestation of some powers we can't yet grasp..So many question, it's fascinating

@tatnallkennedy 2 года назад

The latter I think

@rudybarr1911 6 месяцев назад

Thanks for educating us.

@booksr4nerds100 2 года назад

Best episode yet! Keep up the great work, old mate.

@semaj_5022 2 года назад

Yesss new Spacetime! Now... let's see if I understand any of it. Edit: watched twice now, and some of it kinda makes sense? Which is mostly a testament to Matt's ability to explain high level topics to the hobbyist or layperson.

@so_dumbshu 2 года назад

same lol

@zhangalex734 2 года назад

Good luck!

@KekusMagnus 2 года назад

I think I can safely say this is the most complicated episode you've done to date. I have a physics degree but I didn't take that many QM courses and I found it hard to keep up at times. I can't imagine what ordinary people must see

@OwenDavies83 Год назад

To quote Socrates, All I know is that I know nothing.

@superguy183828 Год назад

Personally, (as a math teacher) I liked the video a lot, and I am somewhat interested to hear about the proof/details. Although honestly, PBS Spacetime has earned my trust to the degree that I'm only really interested in the nitty-gritty to better conceptualize the *conclusions* about what it shows us about our current understanding of the universe and the direction of where it's pointing to look next. In other words, I'm mostly interested in @15:07 but I need to watch the whole video to better visualize what I means, even if don't fully understand the maths along the way.

@aaronmicalowe Год назад

I only took physics to highschool level so there are parts of this that fly over my head, but with a little effort I can keep up with the gist of it and for brief moments have a clear understanding.

@DagonExcelstraun 2 года назад

I have watched this episode five times, and it is just now starting to come together

@dr.dspoptartpool6167 2 года назад

That's why that was such a game breaking amazing occurrence for our lifetimes ✨🥰 I hope CERN would let you visit there for sure, this is such valuable information. Thanks you as always, PBS SpaceTime© The Force is always with you all!

@andrekz9138 2 года назад

Thank you for engaging us with this level of complexity. Too often will physicists give up on us.

@davidgarofalosteachingcorner 2 года назад

Nowadays we often hear particle theorists discussing the beauty of the Higgs mechanism, often invoking it to show how elegance and beauty are good guides to understanding nature. Yet, when Peter Higgs was asked about his early interaction with colleagues, he pointed out that Heisenberg criticized him, saying that the mechanism for giving mass to particles showed that Peter Higgs did not understand physics.

@stylusapteryx1490 2 года назад

Sounds true to form. Wasn't heisenberg that doubt-inducing headmaster guy? The uncertainty principal?

@pepe6666 2 года назад

this was the most extreme episode i have watched yet. i feel like its given my brain a black eye. i need to sit down and have a cup of tea. thanks matt.

@ThoughtsAreReal 2 года назад

Matt and team, you make me want to study physics...just to understand your points more deeply. Thank you for all the light.

@MoldingMatty 2 года назад

It’s always exciting when your peers get something wrong, can’t wait to see what happens next

@michaelkeudel8770 2 года назад

Better question is what gives the Higgs particle mass that other particles don't have.

@darer13 2 года назад

from what i understood -- its the interaction or anchoring that makes "mass". its not something Higgs has and chooses to hand out. something that Matt said as well is that there are probably other "mass granting particles" that can account for the extra mass the bosons have that Fermilabs found.

@Encryptsan Год назад

Sometimes I think I have a pretty good understanding of how things work, but then I see videos like this and realise that I actually know very little. Great video, 10/10

@chriscox5607 2 года назад

Best episode yet. I love to be challenged and I'll have to watch this episode a few more times to wrap my mind around it effectively.

@OldGamerNoob 2 года назад

Between this and the muon mass both being heavier, is there any way to work backward mathematically and put bounds on the mass of a new particle?

@PK1312 2 года назад

(total layman's opinion) probably, but we also don't know if it's a new particle or multiple, smaller new particles. Also I'm a little unclear on how certain we are that the mass discrepancy is real (although I sure hope it is, for the sake of new physics)

@Xeridanus 2 года назад

(Also total layman) It could be a massive particle that interacts rarely or weakly or it could be a relatively tiny mass having particle that interacts all the time. I think the fact that we haven't found it in our searches at other mass levels is more restrictive.

@kmarasin 2 года назад

(Not a layman) The problem here is with the electro-weak sector of the Standard Model. The masses of W, Z, and Higgs bosons are all linked by a set of fundamental constants; if one doesn't fit the model while the other two do, you have a big problem, because you can't adjust the constants to account for one without changing the predictions of the others, throwing them out of whack. Theorists have made a cottage industry out of postulating new fields and resultant particles, but inventing reasons why the new field is seen ONLY IN THIS ONE PARTICULAR CASE is the hard part, and even if you can invent such reasons they can be hard to swallow. That is, such theories can be technically valid, but they fail a sort of parsimony test: better theories are supposed to be simpler, not more complicated. What's the point of the SM if it can't explain what it set out to explain? The SM started from first principles like classical electromagnetism, relativity, and quantum mechanics. Where are we going to get better principles than those?

@PK1312 2 года назад

@@kmarasin Appreciate your insight, thank you!

@kushagrasinha4828 2 года назад

Could you please make a video on Top quarks particularly 🙏🙏 cause they have mass anomaly and confusing .. ❤️

@MrPeterPanos Год назад

I really enjoy this channel, I feel ever more enlightened with every episode 👍

@amytaylor1054 Год назад

Hello there👋how are you doing today? Hope you stay blessed as you’re already.God bless you!🥰

@recklessroges 2 года назад

I love seeing the equations in this episode. Thank you. And thank you for explaining the hieroglyphics.)

@pinboru_ 2 года назад

Things are getting too deep for me over the last couple years.

@cmbaz1140 2 года назад

i always imagined mass to be space time "drag" created by the particle going through the higgs field... the more "aerodynamic" the particle is the less mass it has ...kinda...

@Andrey.Balandin 2 года назад

Yeah, but this analogy totally breaks when you think about inertia... If mass was drag, planets would slowdown and fall into the Sun.

@davidsalazar13 2 года назад

@@Andrey.Balandin isn’t that what entropy is though?

@briandiehl9257 2 года назад

@@davidsalazar13 You have to think about reletivity. If two objects are getting farther away in space, it is meaningless to ask which one is moving. From each objects perspective, the other one is moving away. If things were slowing down like this, that would give an absolute reference frame.

@nmarbletoe8210 2 года назад

@@briandiehl9257 wow good point

@Xeridanus 2 года назад

Wow, it's like you read my survey and acted on it straight away. You probably didn't but this is exactly the episode I was asking for. Eagerly awaiting the next episode on how the Higgs field gives Fermions their mass.

@novailoveyou 2 года назад

Damn what an episode. It's just absolutely awesome! Thank you for such hard work! Man the future is exciting

@dillbourne 2 года назад

8:47 If it's true that gauge fields shouldn't interact with themselves and shouldn't have mass, why do we consider the gluon to be mass less when it has a 3-gluon vertex, interacting with itself?

@FermionPhysics 2 года назад

It’s possible to have a mass gauge field. I don’t think this video was trying to contest that. Maybe they used a poor choice of words. The part where Matt said that the phi^2 term represents a self interaction was not correct. That is what the phi^4 term is supposed to be. So you can have interactions for a massless gauge field