How to Analyze Acceptance & The Mailbox Rule on a Contracts Essay 

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How to Analyze Acceptance & The Mailbox Rule on a Contracts Essay
CONTRACT FORMATION
A traditional, enforceable contract is formed when there is: (1) mutual assent between the parties; and (2) adequate consideration.
MUTUAL ASSENT
Mutual assent between the parties is present when there is a valid offer and acceptance.
ACCEPTANCE OF THE OFFER
To accept the offer, the offeree must: (1) manifest an objective willingness to enter into the agreement; (2) accept the offer according to the rules established by the offeror who is master of the offer; and (3) have a power of acceptance.
(1) Objective Willingness
Acceptance of the offer is governed by an objective test, which means that outward appearances of words and actions are determinative - not hidden intentions (e.g., a person accepts an offer with his fingers crossed behind his back).
(2) "Master of the Offer"
The offeree must accept the offer according to the terms and conditions established by the offeror (e.g., offeror can require offeree to accept by sending a signed writing within a certain time period).
A unilateral offer arises from a promise that requests acceptance by an action or performance, as opposed to a bilateral offer, which arises from a promise that requests acceptance by a return promise.
For bilateral offers, the start of performance manifests acceptance.
For unilateral offers, the start of performance makes the offer irrevocable - the offer is only accepted once performance is complete.
(3) Power of Acceptance
To form a valid offer, the offeror must create a power of acceptance in the offeree.
The offeror creates a power of acceptance when the offeree can simply say, “I accept” and know that he has concluded the deal.
Generally, an offer must be directed to a specific offeree. However, there is a limited exception for contest offers and reward offers that promise something to anyone who accomplishes a certain task (e.g., posted sign offers a cash reward for finding lost puppy).
The offeror must have conferred the power of acceptance to the offeree in order for the offeree to accept the offer. To accept a contest or reward offer, the offeree must be aware that the contest or reward offer exists.
THE MAILBOX RULE
If an offer is terminated at any time before acceptance, the offer is invalidated. It cannot be accepted or revived unless a new offer is made.
Under the mailbox rule, an acceptance that is sent by mail is generally valid when the letter is sent - not when the letter is received. However, the mailbox does not apply to irrevocable offers (e.g., option contracts) or in situations where the offeree sends another communication that terminates or alters the offer first.
The mailbox rules ONLY applies to ACCEPTANCE letters sent by mail. The mailbox rules does NOT apply to any other type of letter sent by mail (e.g., revocation, rejection, or counteroffer letters).
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