How to Design a Ship: Creating a General Arrangement

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How to design a ship? Not an easy question. To create a general arrangement drawing, you need to first design all the major parts of the ship. The real question: how to go from a blank sheet of paper to a sensible design for a ship, when you have nothing to start with?
So here are my secrets revealed. How to design a ship.
View more tips and helpful articles at www.dmsonline.us/
References
[1] Museum of Hartlepool, "MV Altair - General Arrangement Plan," Wikimedia Commons, 18 Feb 2010. [Online]. Available: commons.wikime.... [Accessed 12 May 2022].

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7 окт 2024

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Комментарии : 83

@fixedG Год назад

Rule #1: Keep *almost all* of the water on the *outside.*

@krisholden5365 Год назад

This made me laugh WAY harder than it should have!! Thank you!!

@NotPacific 13 дней назад

tell that to titanic

@kenb4849 Год назад

I am a ship enthusiast and love the design process of just about anything, but have always considered naval architecture as the most challenging of all. Thus, the process of fully making sense the Guess-Check style with all the various major to minor cycles, and then back to major makes total sense. Thanks for putting this out there, and time to bone up on my Excel!! Ken.

@neurofiedyamato8763 2 года назад

The enthusiasm of the presenter explaining things in pretty simple language makes this such a valuable and interesting watch

@dead0barbie 6 месяцев назад

I'm watching all this for an art project. he makes it so fun

@cf453 2 года назад

Speaking as a hobbyist and a civil engineering tech: Not only is this neat from a naval architecture standpoint, this is a fantastic presentation on the engineering process--MetaEngineering, if you will. The next time I run into some young folks considering a career in engineering, whatever discipline, I'll point them at this as a resource. Nick, if you don't eventually end up as an old, crusty professor, I will be very disappointed. (Yes, I know you give seminars occasionally.)

@CUBETechie Год назад

I think it would be like classic submarine but more like skyscraper because if it accelerate it give you the Illusion of gravitational forces

@izeloise4178 2 года назад

I appreciate a lot that I can understand easily your English .

@nicolasramirez3944 2 года назад

Your use of genetic algorithm optimizer is awesome! Very cool

@petergroes-petersen Год назад

It's not new knowledge but really captures the essence, and besides it's good fun and it's inspirational compared to reading the good old Naval Architecture books, so I really enjoy these videos. Brgds, Peter form Denmark, Naval Architect with 25+ years of experience

@DatawaveMarineSolutions Год назад

Many thanks. I target these videos for the general public. But I greatly enjoy learning that other naval architects find some value or interest in it.

@anaximander66 Год назад

I'm turning fifty in a few days and I've been going through that process of asking what kind of person I am versus what I could have been. I was never fully certain what I wanted to do while I was in school. I never doodled, I only drew ship designs. I was sort of obsessed with the idea of making the most with limited space. I graduated and had no idea what I wanted to do. How come the idea of ship design didn't cross my mind? Maybe I missed my calling who knows. Anyway this video was great because it was exactly what I needed! Too bad I didn't at least give it a shot because it looks exciting.

@BrianJorgensenAbides Год назад

I was looking for this precisce video, and I was so thrilled at your self-styled intro "Nick the Naval Architect." It's a thing! ;) Thanks for existing in the niche I needed!

@kilianortmann9979 2 года назад

Gotta design with some SWAG (scientific wild-ass guess).

@iffn 2 года назад

Very interesting. Coming from a product development background, wouldn't the first step be to figure out what the job of the ship will be and what equipment is needed? At least for non-cargo ships. I've never worked on ships before, but I assume the weight of that equipment multiplied by a factor which depends on the ship type (possibly with an added range parameter) should give a pretty reasonable initial weight estimate.

@DatawaveMarineSolutions 2 года назад

The equipment weight can be surprisingly consistent within each ship type. This is mainly because we need so much equipment for basic life support and powering that additional deck hardware doesn't add much to the baseline. (There are some exceptions like fishing boats and oil rigs, which is why we start with similar vessels from the same industry.) But the rest is spot on. Yes, before we even do a concept design, it can be helpful to do a mission study, where we define the ship's job in engineering terms. One of the biggest items in the mission study is finding any restrictions on the vessel dimensions. We look at the different ports the boat will visit and check for shallow draft, or low bridges, narrow channels, etc. And then that forms the starting point for the concept design.

@carloschl265 2 года назад

Hello dear. excellent videos. I would like to see a video of how to select emgine and reduction gear? thank you

@weonedirection8205 Месяц назад

*I am only a 14 year old kid, and this video is very helpful for me. I would buy a blueprint paper and design the Titanic.*

@nraynaud 2 года назад

haha, during the whole video I was thinking: I'm pretty sure they start from the traditionnal hull shape used in the business area of the client, customize it and at most try 1 innovation point, and in the end that was exactly the message. Full blue sky innovation of objects this size is probably managed in programes, that would involve universities, and a ton of models and uncertain outcomes. They would not get into such a pipeline when a client "just" wants a ship and has already chosen the name for it.

@DatawaveMarineSolutions 2 года назад

Very true. I meet a lot of Clients who just want a copy of the current hull in their business area. In fact, I know one firm that specialized for this. They just make tug designs, which are basically cut and paste engineering. Very little changes from version to the next. The good news is that we don't often need to go to full university and research for true innovation. But it does take slightly more engineering. For example, I have one Client that wants to create a net zero ship with sails and a new fuel source. That is not a full research project, because we already have science for all the individual components. It's just a matter of mastering the mix. A full research project would be if Raytheon wanted me to design a super-cavitating torpedo. The problem for that project would be that we can't predict torpedo guidance at super-cavitating speeds. (At least not that people admit publicly.) So in that case, we first need research to invent the science for predicting our problem before we can even solve it. Thankfully, very few people fall into the research category. You can achieve a lot with custom engineering.

@akoponen 2 года назад

A circular needle hull might not capsize if the center of gravity is close to the bottom of the hull.

@DatawaveMarineSolutions 2 года назад

True. That is basically how a submarine maintains its stability when fully submerged.

@gradowik Год назад

so now the question is how to design cargo submarine that can carry containers (or grain, or something like ore) and allows to unload it in a reasonable time. I wonder if it's even possible to gain profit from shorter route (under ice cap) or cost of such technology would outweight profit from transporting goods 3 times faster.

@amunderdog 2 года назад

You prefer computer assisted line drawings. The 21st century is amazing. I cannot help but think 19th century. They must have been some amazing minds. Were there more failures than successes? Or did they have it pretty well understood?

@DatawaveMarineSolutions 2 года назад

I wouldn't say that the 19th century was bad. They still have fairly reliable transport back then. But it depended mostly on copying previously successful designs. The 19th century involved less design risk. They didn't have all the science and simulation capabilities I have today. With modern computers and science, I can design a boat completely on the computer. All theory and no physical testing. And the first ship will be built within 5% of the theoretical predictions. (rough estimate). That type of confidence makes it cheaper to try new things and predict them before risking the ship. So modern shipbuilding is partly about being safer. But it also achieves more performance, with the same level of safety and cost.

@shaider1982 2 года назад

I read they used Simpson's rule to help calculate the displacement. For each cross section, the area can be determined using a planimemter: a device looking like a divider with a counter. Just trace the crossestion and the area can be calculate.

@DatawaveMarineSolutions 2 года назад

@@shaider1982 yes they did. In fact, Simpsons rule is still something they teach naval architects. And some programs still use it.

@Georgewilliamherbert Год назад

@@DatawaveMarineSolutions The 1800s editions of the Royal Institute if Naval Architects were pretty amazing to read through. While I was getting my degree I perused probably 25 of their annual collected editions.

@stinkymccheese8010 2 года назад

Differential equations are fun.

@travisjicorcoran5870 2 года назад

😱😱😱

@shaider1982 2 года назад

In the books Principles of Yacht Design by Lars and Rolf Larsson, use of Simpson's rule for the calculation of the hull's characteristics is shown. It was recommended to use a planimeter for the crossetions. This was for those without access to CAD.

@milkdrinker7 4 месяца назад

@@shaider1982 yes, before computers, the methods used for integral estemation were quite clever. But in a world where butane lighters exist, theres no real sense in rubbing sticks together these days.

@josephbruceismay6832 7 месяцев назад

I'm drawing up plans for a fictional ship and decided I wanted to try making an actual realistic plan of her. She's 47 meters wide by 352 meters long (roughly). The GRT I'm projecting is around 90-95,000 maybe even 100,000. In my fictional universe, she's drawn up in the mid-to-late 1920s and construction started sometime in like, 1928 or 1929. then the stock market thing happens and construction halts. The project resumes once funds are located and she's launched on 17, August 1934 (in lore). She has her maiden voyage in 1936 iirc. Its still a WIP. Her hull is 41 meters tall. with the supestructure, masts and stuff, she's around 170 something meters tall. Do I know if she'd actually work as a real ship? nope! but I certainly can theorise!

@nutsandbolts432 Год назад

“How does one start to design a ship?” Guess

@RixtronixLAB 2 года назад

Creative video, thanks for sharing it :)

@Brewdiss 2 года назад

Have you done a video on stretching a fiberglass yacht? I couldn't find one.

@DatawaveMarineSolutions 2 года назад

Not yet. Though that is a good idea. I will add it to the list.

@shaider1982 2 года назад

9:00 I guess using loft in Solidworks is only practical for simple hull shapes.

@DatawaveMarineSolutions 2 года назад

The loft command is pretty close to how the lines program calculates the final hull surface from curves we put in. But you still need the custom tools to check for a smooth curve in all three dimensions for any complex hull shape. They are normally hulls that have compound curvature: the surface curves in both directions. Another item that we often check is developable surfaces. These are shapes that only have curvature in one direction. You can create them from flat steel plate with just a plate roller. Much cheaper than compound curvature, which requires a lot more skill to create.

@shaider1982 2 года назад

@@DatawaveMarineSolutions wow, I did not know that. Thanks for the added information.👍🏻

@r.c.christian4633 11 месяцев назад

Playing some block-based space game and I hope to learn something here.

@informationcollectionpost3257 Год назад

I am an outdated mechanical designer/engineer of heavy equipment than wants to build his own small light weight car topable boat. Who now works as a laborer because too many heavy equipment companies went out business. My brother a retired landscaper built a successful foamy row boat.( Constructed from closed celled styrofoam bought from a building supply store) I have watched several videos from creators that have constructed similar boats using poor man's fiberglass and construction foam. (burlap or an old bed sheet to replace the fiberglass and then exterior house paint to replace the epoxy) My nearest lake is 8 miles away, has a large surface area of water, and in many areas only has a 3 foot water depth. ( typical Midweastern USA lake) My first thought was a sail boat and a fising boat. Due to the shallow water depth, fishing is always better in the shallow water, and the fact that such shallow water can quickly develop rough water conditions, I have abandoned the sail boat concept and the flat a hull. ( a typical design for inand water boats) ( have been in a float bottomed John Boat in rough waters and they are hard to steer and required a lot of force to move them in rough water, and they have a terrible choppy ride.) I have now decided to build an axe bowed boat with side angles 20 or 25 ° on the bottom to get the boat to sit slightly lower in the water, because I want to make my own boat, and a 25 pound or under 2.5hp, 2 cycle motor. I want to add a splash or wash board on top of the front to keep the waves from washing water into the boat. I want some speed in my hull with rough water capability. ( a little of the best of both worlds) I don't see this type of construction on inland boats. I think that I am on the right track. Am I on the right track? Have used Excel to iterate other engineering problems and it works great even if you just do it by trial and error. Looks like you have a great concept.

@andrewnoyan3306 2 года назад

Try The Nature of Boats by Dave Gerr

@antonioesposito8071 2 года назад

Hi, any book about ship design that you can suggest?

@softwaretraining-naval 4 месяца назад

It's a big question 😍☺☺☺☺

@DrZygote214 2 года назад

@7:00 So if you had a trimaran with the perfectly circular hull cross section, and small amas for stability, would this be the best thing for fuel consumption? Or would the extra amas just add more drag than an equivalent monohull?

@DatawaveMarineSolutions 2 года назад

That is a brilliant question. And you are 85% correct. The trimaran works best for higher speeds, where resistance is dominated by waves. At low speeds, most of the resistance comes from friction with the water, and we want to reduce the wetted surface area. In that case, a trimaran loses. It has 3 circles in the water, so more surface area than an equivalent monohull. From a stability perspective, trimarans are halfway more stable. The trimaran has way more stability than a monohull . . . unless you heel so far that one of the amas goes underwater. Then it has no stability. So it is more stable, but our requirements go up to ensure the trimaran never buries the amas.

@DrZygote214 2 года назад

@@DatawaveMarineSolutions Thanks! But what is the threshold between higher and lower speeds? 30 kmh?

@DatawaveMarineSolutions 2 года назад

@@DrZygote214 The speed changes depending on the ship size, which is why we normally determine these thresholds with the Froude Number, a non-dimensional measure of speed. Wikipedia has a simple explanation on Froude Number (Fn): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froude_number In general, ships below a Froude number of 0.30 are dominated by friction. Above Fn = 0.30, waves start to dominate. When we perform a resistance estimate, the friction and wave making get calculated separately, which lets us examine the relative magnitude of those two components.

@ganeshkoli7698 2 года назад

I want to build latest fishing Boat that can't reach the speed 25 knots then above

@georgeobeng6865 2 года назад

How do i get the software (NeoShip ) for the design

@DatawaveMarineSolutions 2 года назад

Sorry, but DMS doesn't offer NeoShip for sale. The program requires adjustments with every project. This approach is suitable for internal use, where DMS is both user and developer. But it will not work as a packaged program we can sell.

@ryano.5149 2 года назад

I always wondered if it would be possible to scale down at least the overall shape of one of the classic Edwardian liners in a package that is roughly 80-100ft in length. ...with tweaks to make the design practical, of course. I just don't have the math background to actually run the numbers though!

@Alpharabius99 2 года назад

in reality its almost impossible to have LCB=LCG even if you manage to line LCB with LCG at first. it wşill change over time because of fuel consumption.

@Alpharabius99 2 года назад

@@colaves1 which is not suitable especially in big ships. Fuel tanks need to be somewhere near engine room. Pumping the fuel from midship where the LCB and LCG are usually are (towards the aft most of the time) is an task of its own. İts possible in smaller ships maybe upto 20m or so. in a bulk carrier its not the best possible way to place fuel tanks

@lowerweb8466 Год назад

Where do i recognise that logo? Edit: is that Carhartt?

@keithrock939 Год назад

Chuck some giant airbags inside the cabin's, below the water line and above to stop the pollution of our oceans. Have a safe journey God bless

@JennySusanti-u1q 5 месяцев назад

How do you copywright or patent your deign before you give the plans to the ship yard

@DatawaveMarineSolutions 5 месяцев назад

(NOT legal advice. I'm an engineer, not a lawyer.) In the US, copyright is automatically granted. No need to file anything. Although I do include a copyright statement on all drawings and reports, specifically so people can't claim lack of knowledge about the copyright. But copyright only protects that individual drawing, not the entire design. Nothing to stop someone from using the drawing as inspiration and copying the good features. I have heard of companies patenting unique features of their design. But never the entire design. Intellectual property laws were never really intended for engineering in the US. There is no easy solution currently.

@eduardodaquiljr9637 Месяц назад

at least you understand engineering drawing and you know how to swim

@bLack3nD88 Год назад

Where can I get Neoship?

@DatawaveMarineSolutions Год назад

Sorry, Neoship is only available as a service that DMS offers. It isn't stable enough to offer for sale. This was a conscious tradeoff to maintain flexibility. I frequently need to adjust some of the settings to ensure stable operation for each new concept design. That's why i can only offer it as a service.

@eduardodaquiljr9637 24 дня назад

Can you design a ship in 3D?

@taxpayer239 2 года назад

That's easey these days..go to computer put in tonnage and size , choose your bow and go from there.

@digimbyte 7 месяцев назад

ok, so I am struggling, I want to design a ship with defense at all 360 degrees with main gun batteries and engines that look aesthetically pleasing and in my lore

@brx-treme1792 Год назад

Architect student, still amazed about naval architect 😂

@gradowik Год назад

i wonder how Your app handles in design of sailing vessels (i wonder how to predict hull behaviour at different heel and different speeds and wave heights)

@DatawaveMarineSolutions Год назад

Neoship doesn't go to that level of detail. That is more appropriate for a velocity prediction program, which is how they design racing boats. But Neoship does calculate sail forces without the hull interactions. It also includes voyage analysis to determine average power from the sail, considering variability of wind strength and direction within a region.

@gradowik Год назад

@@DatawaveMarineSolutions I find one thing particularly difficult: smaller the vessel, bigger the impact from waves. How to calculate this when one second wetted surface is (for example) 25 m2 and 2 seconds later its 33 m2. On a bigger boat this variations are not that big in relation to overall dimensions. Here I'm looking for efficiency in environment of constant change.

@DatawaveMarineSolutions Год назад

@@gradowik No easy answer to that. Basic version: start with a hull that is efficient in calm water, and then focus on minimizing vessel response to waves. For a more analytical approach, seakeeping theory allows us to calculate the resistance added from waves, based on 2nd order low frequency drift forces. We can analyze the efficiency lost due to waves and compare alternatives. Unfortunately, that advanced analysis often requires more budget than a small boat can justify.

@gradowik Год назад

@@DatawaveMarineSolutions it looks that I should choose naval architecture 20 years ago lol. Thanks for Your advice

@themartiangamer52 5 месяцев назад

The whole guessing the weight bit is fine until your designing an ocean liner. How much do the cabin furnishings weigh? No clue. How much does the loose cargo weigh? No clue. Take a blind guess and refine it later, then do the whole thing again until its right? Yes. Yes of course.

@R3DSHlFT Год назад

How much change when you design a sailing ship?

@DatawaveMarineSolutions Год назад

About 15-20% different. The process is generally the same, just a few additions for structure and propulsion. Now we need to design a mast and sails, change the hull shape slightly. Same process, just different priorities. But this becomes much more effort when designing a small sailing ship (anything under 40 ft. / 12 m.) On those, space is so limited, that you really need to consider the ergonomics of how someone will sit in the cockpit, how to arrange all the lines for easy access, how many winches will the ship have, etc. That human element adds a lot of effort when laying out the ship.

@lasarith2 2 года назад

Can you build me my ship 🙂 I Guess …🤔

@Soldier_of_G0d 4 месяца назад

Ndlogok mumet sirahku

@mnurhardee 2 года назад

5:15 But Steel Is Heavier Than Feathers 😆

@nicolasramirez3944 2 года назад

that's why you need more volume for the feathers

@KK-qc5ct 11 месяцев назад

Hello Nick. I suppose that your education has brought you to this point, propelling you to post your ambitions on youtube, and as you live and breathe today, you are still boiling down your hypothesis'. The point of this message-- could you be the one that creates the ultimate hull?

@robertlackey7212 8 месяцев назад

I think you are doing it wrong. your trying to avoid wasting time going down a lot of dead end roads , your behaving like a "professional" ever notice how professionals never seem to invent anything new ? Try this instead , create a list called " The design requirements for this craft will be " and a second list called " Design priorities." and take your time (I often wake up in the middle of he night just to re adjust the priorities , getting your priorities right is the most important part). When you have these two lists so you are happy with them THEN make your first rough drawing of a ship that will meet the requirements and priorities on your 2 lists.