How To Make Roman Concrete 

Corporals Corner nice bro

Glad you added the statement about what saltwater does. Most people either haven't heard or don't know that little fact. Your underwater set test, are you using both salt and fresh water?

Would oyster shells work for the lime? And how long do they take to set up to be able to unmould and use? Very interested in doing this as a practice and small pottery stuff outside. Does it need to be waterproofed to hold water or will the disintegrate when dampened over time. Such as a flowered?

Corporals Corner I like how you kept it simple, PH test limestone with vinegar. I like how you got technical calling no it calcium hydroxide. Sort of opens the door for me to research that compound further. You earned yourself a subscriber!!

Any follow up on that hydraulic concrete hoss?

More like 48 hours, I suppose

flpd it wasn't a day, it was a night.

Romans built structures to last. Intense use of manpower, typically as slaves, was the norm. When a new residential development ripped up a section of roman road in the Galilee near y home I was heart broken.

they were built thousands of years ago and still stand.. there's your answer.

Sylas viper haha what a funny question

You can buy it online

Iron and salt it's what the Japanese used for there bunkers iron rich volcanic sand and salty ocean water

Lime mortar is still being used in less developed countries. You can mix lime with sand at 1:3 ratio, that mixture won't be as good as roman concrete but will last 10 years in a high humidity environment, longer if you live in dry climate.

Yes Chris. Any pozzolanic material can be used, which means substances rich in silica or silicates in their composition, such as ceramic fabrication waste and organic materiais such as burnt rice. They will react with calcium hidroxide to form cimentitious materials.

Just use diatomaceous earth instead of forging seashells

Well this has been screenshoted and saved for future reference. If your home can withstand the test of the wet dreary weather of the UK, then it should be able to handle the humidity of the American South. Will be handy when I start making pavers and such (perhaps a stone hedgerow fence) for the yard. (Went to Uni in London, and I adored the countryside. Didn't make it as far north as I would have liked, but it is a stunning landscape.)

Uau 😮 sensacional 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

@brian the snail...Hi very interesting..I once as a beginner (with lime)-pointed my stone house with lime putty and sand mixed with small amount of cement (small pointing batches) and this gave a beautiful pointing mix with an increased set ..beautiful to use...Later I read that even a tiny amount of cement ruined the Breathability of the lime pointing ! Would be interested to know of your thoughts on the point ? Many thanks...G.

​@gortagnan it does! you dont need to use any cement in a lime plaster. Use 2:1 fine sand to lime. Apply with trowel with pressue. Cover the surface with tarp or burlap for at least a week and wet it 3-5 times a day depending on how hot it is in your area. It will hold. A lime putty on top can be done with the tadelakt method. I built my entire home this way. As long as it is cured properly, it will hold.

@@turiyapanama .

Their concrete is Still working/viable today

@@MjC7192nah man they nerfed it in the latest update.

@@spankeydawg7198 💀💀

​@@spankeydawg71982000 years later, of course it'll be nerfed.

Russian joke: do you know whats the difference between civil engineers and military engineers? - military engineers build cannons and civil engeneers build targets. Just saing

@@user-yc5bh6rd6s And geological engineers watch where to get materials for weapons and where to build targets.

Are we able to use this concrete recipe for building a one story cinderblock home or do i have to conform to certain laws or codes that prevent its use?

@@dan.wood86 I imagine that would depend entirely on what jurisdiction you reside in.

We are being taught this, I'm here because of my chemistry assignment on the lime cycle, pretty cool.

@@Acidburn3141 Maybe his driveway is very long. :D

@Nirky Now that's funny! I was going to use the same joke, but say, 10 yrs.

It helps to apply the labor force of the empire. Get the kids out there :)

But your driveway will last forever! LOL

buy a horse or cow to walk on the paste so it makes it for you. You get to eat the animal when you have finished with it, Unless you are a vegetarian like me. I will use it to take me to the shop to buy an icecream.

This will never be on market of this material. Mainly because it involves firing. Though it could offset the amount of it being put into the atmosphere, because as regular concrete cools, it emits carbon dioxide.

@@HaloWolf102 Do you mean firing jobs?

@@HaloWolf102 you do realize the emissions are not a issue with concrete itself, this issue is with the creation of cement, the binder, to create it we heat limestone and clay in furnaces to extreme temperstures, this is the main carbon dioxide emissions issue. As with the strength, the modern home will easily last more then 500 years with the concrete blocks having a lifetime of 1000+ years, saying roman concrete was the best ever is really a spit in the face of modern engineering.

@@BloodHawk31 our concrete does not last for 500 years, go look at any sidewalk more than 5 years old. Youre dreaming dude.

No modern concrete will last like Rome. 2000 year old structures still looking new in places. Modern concrete is not made to last more than 150 years

It's kind of exciting to see what developments will come of it

No it wasn't a mystery Portland based mortar and concrete is cheaper to produce than lime based concrete

@@cartmanrlsusall Portland is made from limestone too every cement is made from limestone. Calcium Carbonate is what forms the backbone of the chemical reactions.

The "Mystery" was not tha Limestone, but that they used sea water and volcanic Ash as Materials. So that Concrete could even heal itself when its coming in Contact with water.

Roman concrete is an excellent concrete be used under salt water. Its strength improved by exposing to salt water. Thus Roman empire era built ports still hang on till now.

Lol... I cant explain why this stuff fascinates me the way it does... All i know is i love seeing them seeing them spreads the stuff in those primitive building vids... great comment! Happy New Year's!

@@star_gazer2967 See what you get when you join the service? Plenty of schooling!!!

funniest comment around :))

Thank you.

AIon totally true though! 😂

No it can't. Whatever your pozzalan, it needs to be fired at 900 degrees + to achieve hydraulic action. The higher the temperature the stronger the reaction. So no, fine sand will most definitely not work. Camp fire ash wouldn't work but a specific type of ash would. Ash was generally used for pugging, lime based insulation and soundproofing or as a mortar dye.

Thanks. I’m looking for something to add to hempcrete. Maybe very fine sand? We live in a very wet climate and the drying time needed for hempcrete is an issue. Do you know of anything that could help?

Thank you for the excellent, technical explanation!

I don't know about Canada, but the geology channel Geology Hub lists volcanoes active, dormant and extinct in most of the continental USA. If some of Yellowstone's previous eruptions of ash drifted up into Canada, you might be able to find and use some of those deposits - if they're the correct kind of volcanic ash. I'm guessing high silica and low sulfur content?

@@lizedur4976 Cement

The Pantheon is Greek.

The Parthenon is Greek. The Pantheon is Roman.

Michael Foster Ggggoooottttt Eeeeehhhhhmmmm!

It wasn’t Roman nor Greek it was Egyptians let’s be honest people.

yeah, no rebar either in the Pantheon. The oculus hole at the top was designed to let in light and lighten the load, and geometric structures were cut out of the roof as well to lighten load and make it look prettier... some of the best architecture on the planet. If anyone gets a chance to go to Rome, put the Pantheon at top of list. The marble flooring too is incredible

I’m pretty sure they also used normal rock that they trim.

meh, all the bad ones fell down. There was even one time all the buildings on the Aventine hill fell down like dominoes. Romans definitely had some good buildings, but nowadays we make the mistake of comparing their best with our worst. Their worst is gone.

Lime mortar was used. Vapour permeable. Its modern day cement that destroys old buildings as it traps moisture causing accelerated decay.

@@hosmerhomeboy this. It's an easy mistake to make and I did it for years. You don't see the broken stuff. Just the stuff that was best built and maintained

@@hosmerhomeboy Survivorship bias

Seawater

​@@flyairvansSaltwater?

You missed the key part, heat. The newest paper claims they heated the concrete while they mixed it and this caused a fine crystalline structure to form that results in much greater strength.

@@williambrandondavis6897the heat was generated from the reaction of the quicklime with the water; exothermic reaction

They boiled the seawater ​@@mrs.mastermind933

Lol

nickdryad lol! Made my day! Thanks!

69th like

What are you building

@@SpeedomusicSM a building

@@SpeedomusicSM Rome

@@agentstaple1 how long will that take?

@Lamb more than a day I’d assume

The process also has parallels with fossilisation, albeit over a much shorter time span.

I mean. That's what concrete does. It is one giant rock.

The salt fills in the holes. Swiss cheese has holes in it. Likewise, maybe salt (sodium chloride) fills in air bubbles, holes, or voids, in the concrete.

Right, it’s basically calcification.

Right?

Ikr

james ozment fun fact! Betty white is older than sliced bread.

If you want to be specific, it predate s sliced bread, so i guess its even better lol

Never too late for a badass fort

Maybe check and make sure it's allowed. Certain beaches do not allow for the collection of stones or shells.

^ And THE LAW is THE LAW!

I find many shells at my river maybe you can go to a river or lake and find some.

your suggestion is based on what?

The modern concrete also need decades for strengthening

@@alfredorotondo i beleive concrete is constantly hardening. to a point it will spall(flake) and constrict itself.

@@andygatch1676 yeah thats not why most modern concrete spalls sir, modern concrete doesn't interact well with water because water slowly washes away the crystal structures which are not in turn replaced or continue to naturally grow within the concrete structure unlike Roman concrete. Water interactions account for at least 50% of concrete spalling issues Both Roman concrete and modern portland concrete continue to harden but the seawater and volcanic ash used in Roman concrete work in harmony as sea water leaching into concrete with volcanic ash creates aluminous toboromite which continues to grow and strengthen over time, therefor spalling issues modern concrete has from crystaline structure breakdown and rust from metal supports inside that concrete expanding and further breaking down when modern concrete interacts with water are not evident in Roman concrete which actually benefits from the water it is local too. In summary volcanic ash + sea water and not using any metal support structures inside the concrete is why Roman concrete not only stronger but gets stronger over time as the inside crystaline structures turn into another form of crystal which also fills out pourous structures withing the hardened concrete continuously which means no spalling caused by water

Article i read today said Roman concrete secrets revealed that heat was the key to Roman concrete and its strength

you wasnt looking far enough, pumice stones are found on the beaches on the cumbrian coast, cumbria uk has a lot of roman history ,hardknott fort, ravenglass,

A Roman on the coast observed it occuring naturally where lime and alumino-silicates were adjacent to one another and interacting with the sea water.

@@corindoyle Which is not how concrete is made. They may well have taken inspiration from nature, but nature did not create Roman concrete.

bones work too, although the slake is more delecate IIRC.

even shotgun shells

any idea what the difference is between the final products?

Chalk too

Roger L. Ortiz, You tell them cuz!

I think its Tyre, the ancient city, which has Roman docks in which no erosion can be seen on the concrete piers that are now underwater. I also think both types of Roman concrete gets stronger as it ages, whether its in saltwater or not.

Adding the pozzolan ash (volcanic ash, or crushed potsherds) makes hydraulic cement. Lime alone, or with a non-pozzolonic fine aggregate makes non-hydraulic cement. Non-hydraulic "dries" while hydraulic "cures", actually hydrating the pozzolonic minerals.

Probably, they used sea water to mix the cement in order to avoid osmose problems

The whole secret is to use salt water ! The salt water bonds and seals it all through calcification but it takes a long time for it to cure. It gets stronger as it ages until it cures into one solid piece!

I recall many years ago watching a doco stating they also used blood in their mixes. Blood being a coagulant it would have enabled it to bind together better.

Thank You, Please share this channel

Best Electronic Music From New Geniuses science!

R S: that is fascinating indeed. Unexpected In a comment to do with Roman concrete however. It’ll be a shame of this got overlooked. Perhaps you could include the recipe someplace where he actually makes bread, Some more people could enjoy the idea and the recipe.

Can you share that?

The used plaster made from marble dust mixed with fine grade lime putty and sands and then finished it with a variety of oils. Like Venetian plaster. The next best option was cocciopesto, same thing with crushed brick for poorer people. Or tiles. Roman concrete was mostly used for civils applications like sewers and docks. Same as today. It's too strong to work sympathetically with the rest of a houses structure aboveground. Its thermal expansion rate is to different to everything else.

Yes, NEED to know.

This! Would love to know..

.

Yep thats what I thought.

Recently, I think a study has shown that Roman concrete was made hot, not cold. So, I don't think this would exactly replicate it. Let's have a redo on this video with the hot technique!

Did you make any? Does it work better than Adobe bricks if comes to keeping the house warm or cooler?

Yes but a very effective tool! ( But I see the humor 😊)

Lol

I have a special tapping tool... Hold on, make that a fapping tool!

*tamping

Thanks man. Please share my channel with others so that it can continue to grow, and thanks for watching

will do and thanks, if you do this on a large scale send me some pics.

I wonder if eggs would be an acceptable substitute for the Romans' use of pig's blood?

Yes! Great idea I second that motion. All in favor say Aye

Do you mean that bloke from Finland ? He is hilarious.

Or, you could ask that guy to make a block of this to test, and perhaps compare it to an authentic piece of Roman concrete and also a modern piece, too?

Definitely emphasizes the "dark" in "dark ages"

Ah, the parachute theory....

We are proud of that, and we are proud of our ancestors

+SHAZBAT414 the Pantheon in rome, not the Parhenon in Athens :) both temples, but made in a very different way with different materials

PANTHEON in Rome, Italy (Parthenon in Athen, Greece)

Your comment not you're

Unless they go to a decent school. We did this in school. My son is doing this in his school.

all in all your just another brick in the wall

I think the typical response would be "what's a Roman?"

BackToConstitution | Yeah but why would you need to know this lesson?

BackToConstitution z

I too would like to see someone figure that one out.

i heard you can use coal ash

I live in New Mexico currently. Something that surprised me when I would travel to other states is how few people know of adobe!

I have seen a few existing adobe walls in Sonoma county

Charles Slocum Jr: now that is fascinating. Sounds very simple. I would love to see that video! For those of us who live nowhere near New Mexico, what’s the difference between Adobe mud and any other mud? I’m not being sarcastic; my inquiry is in good faith.

Yep, we made Adobe in Utah, friend of ours made his out of the bricks. A lot of work, but virtually free of cost other than sweat.

Thank you. Do me a favor and share my channel with others so that it can continue to grow

I will.

Corporals Corner now I my self never got to in the service started to lose my hearing at 17 so I couldn't join up lost my hearing from a job I had i work there for eight year's in factory from 11-19 year's old let's see missile guides rods bomb racks all kinds millatery stuff for mareens army navy etc. I did machining deburing etc. that how lost my hearing so I couldn't join the service wanted to but if nothing else you guy's took In to battle a lot of what I made well just wanted tell you a big thanks to you and all the rest of the guy's for doing you'r duty and that is the most unselfish thing you or any one can do thank you 👍👍👍👏👏👏 also wanted to tell how much i like you'r vlog i learn some neat and useful thing for you more vlogs on you tube oh and thank you that you caption them I'm deaf and if it wasn't for you how would I learn C😎😎L

Corporals Corner so you're taking an interested in primitive Technologies can you look in cob it's a building material that is a mix between sand clay and straw the straw acts as a binder the sand acts as a sub binder that is able to attach to the straw more effectively than the clay will and the clay obviously access the binder between everything this primitive Building Material has a high thermal Mass in short it retains more heat in the winter and it expels more Heat and the summer given that there's methods for the cold and hot air to escape when you're done with this little two-part series which I love by the way do you think you can investigate cop I bet if you mix some of these Roman ingredients in with the Cobb you might create something that's even better than both might even make a good primitive tool head

I can't... i just... no. firstly if you're going to thank any particular branch I'm gonna have to say show some respect and spell shit right. Military. Marines. I don't mean to be disrespectful, but I served in the US ARMY. and to me, saying Mareens is totally a "Hey! I did this, so in a way without what I did, yall wouldnt of been shit. By the way thanks for your service, but i dont have enough respect for you to right click on a word and use spell check so that everything comes out in the right spelling." Sorry but your comment rubs me the wrong way. You sure it was your hearing and not your asvab score?

They probably had a place to buy some of that, kind of a primitive EBAY maybe?

Slaves man...

Slaves ;)

And the effectiveness of todays concrete is phenomenal. People dismiss mile high buildings far too easily. And to be fair all the stuff that was badly built has probaly fallen down.

Caught your comment from Primitive Technology as well, decided to give you a look, seems pretty good, you've got a sub.

lol

Lies

In history class we talked about how roman slaves were treated like shit and they always rebelled and were killed

seems most of the current population falls in that category

krisham SPARTICUS!!!!

OR... make a container of concrete mass. make at least 20 molds! And here you go. 20 concrete blocks at once... 500- 1000 times repeat. and you can have shelter

Everyone knows Rome wasn't built in a day.

Your phone heard you talking to yourself and told google/youtube.

The things which the Romans built with concrete exist still to this day whilst our own concrete crumbles within a decade.