How To Survive the Little Ice Age

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Nunalleq, a village in what’s today southwest Alaska, seemed to have thrived during the Little Ice Age. How did this village manage to survive and prosper during this time period? And what caused this period of climate change in the first place?
Check out the Nunalleq Archaeology Project's incredible educational resource: www.seriousanimation.com/nunal... as well as their blog: nunalleq.wordpress.com/
Special thanks to Qanirtuuq Native Village Corporation, University of Aberdeen and 3DVisLab University of Dundee for providing us with incredible footage and animations for this episode. Illustrations/animations/footage from the Nunalleq Archaeology Project are by Alice Watterson, with characters by Tom Paxton.
Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: / pbsdigitalstudios
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References: docs.google.com/document/d/1z...

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3 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 810

@Aeturnalis 3 года назад

What's really cool: she pronounced Nunalleq really close to correctly. The "ll" in Yupik is a voiceless dental fricative that sounds somewhat similar to the "ch" in German. So, kudos to the PBS Eons people for looking it up, that displays a lot of respect to the native Alaskan people who still live in that area today.

@vortessence8607 3 года назад

I was wondering about that, as im sure others were too. Thanks for making this comment :)

@EMurph42 3 года назад

👏👏👏👏 thank you for explaining that. And of course the would show the most respect & love, they’re PBS!

@saassoos8736 2 года назад

Pipi poo poo

@dayglowjim 2 года назад

I thought the "ch" in German was more of a palatal or even glottal fricative than a dental one. Th is a dental fricative.

@NicholasHay1982 2 года назад

@@dayglowjim it's a lateral dental/alveolar fricative, so more similar to the Welsh LL.

@science.and.beyond 3 года назад

Thinking about the people of the past, how they lived, and how differently they must have seen and thought of the world has always been something that has fascinated me.

@RedbeardHS 3 года назад

beyond i just watched every video on your channel and you sound just like me after i got shot with those rhino tranquilizers. love it man i can't wait for the next video

@davidkelley5382 3 года назад

Social & cultural history are fascinating. Well, any kind of history if I am honest with myself.

@secularmonk5176 3 года назад

8:46 I'm curious if efforts are underway to determine who are the descendants of the aggressors that destroyed Nunalleq ... they owe reparations to the descendants of the oppressed ... right?

@thomasfleming8169 3 года назад

Why would they owe reparations?

@robertstewart7228 3 года назад

Magnetic reversal news has some videos of the canyon of the ancients . Ect

@Romizumab 3 года назад

Mighty algorithm, please be kind to this humble reupload.

@Bimtavdesign 3 года назад

Amen

@spicyleaves8876 3 года назад

Amen 🙏🙏🙏

@TheWildOddball 3 года назад

Preach

@Joelolski 3 года назад

Amen

@Tiberon098 3 года назад

Why was it reuploaded?

@eelkev.8547 3 года назад

As a Dutch person I loved the reference to our frozen canals! We treasure those paintings by Bruegel. Even though the canals don’t freeze often, skating is still an important part of our culture

@hwchen39 3 года назад

Fun fact! In China the Little Ice Age took place during the Ming Dynasty. This impacted the clothing people wore. Compared to warmer past dynasties like the Tang Dynasty, Ming Dynasty clothing looks warmer with lots of layers, long sleeves and skirts. Interesting to think about how weather and science impacted the lives of historical peoples in different ways!

@bruce350 Год назад

Interesting. All the Climate Change Experts seem to say it wasn't a Global phenomenon and only happened in Europe and was not as cold as claimed. I wonder why they say that when the evidence says otherwise?

@Dinoguy1000 3 года назад

I still get a bit sad when they're naming off the month's Eontologists and it doesn't end with "...and Steve"

@mohammedhassanakbari6722 3 года назад

Why what happened?

@mauricethegecko9700 3 года назад

Yeah, me too. Steve was the best part of the end

@scaper8 3 года назад

@@mohammedhassanakbari6722 No one knows. He was just not listed one time.

@annonimooseq1246 3 года назад

@@scaper8 they actually said when he left that he just wasn’t a patron anymore which I don’t think is that unusual/concerning, but I like to think that he left and is currently metamorphing and will one day, when the world needs him most, return as *Steven*

@westbysouthwest 3 года назад

Some say he's still out there, wandering the dig sites and donating to this day.

@JoseELeon 3 года назад

Ok, but can we talk about how cute are the animations?

@gyozakeynsianism 3 года назад

They are adorable.

@Alexander-is9jo 3 года назад

Reminded me of Balto

@saltdaemon4453 3 года назад

husky bung holes... how cute. (wtf)

@mikepette4422 3 года назад

no we can't sorry there's no time for that

@JoseELeon 3 года назад

@@mikepette4422 :(

@storyhollow6111 2 года назад

I cannot express how happy I was to hear that the artifacts are being kept so close to where the were discovered.

@thomasb1889 10 месяцев назад

Having some of them displayed in far away museums in a touring format would allow those without the ability to travel to where they are now to see them.

@Laeiryn 3 года назад

Thank you for the accuracy of the huskies' buttholes. It's those realistic details that show you care more about facts than anything else.

@tananam9782 2 года назад

But a period of Solar Minimum would have resulted in less aurora. This region is far enough south that visible aurora would be fairly uncommon during solar minimum.

@kmw4359 2 года назад

😂😂😂 Underrated comment. This deserves more likes!

@juliestevens6931 3 года назад

When my forebearers came to this country in the late 1880s, they settled in South Dakota at first and build sod houses because there were not enough trees where they were to build wooden houses. My family has really old pictures of my great-great-great-great grandmother outside her sod house with a canary in a cage. I was told the canary was considered a necessary purchase because they added color and joy to an otherwise dreary and quiet landscape.

@DJArpit1 3 года назад

Wow 🥺

@ConquerYou 3 года назад

No RU-vid back then eh? That’s okay, in the early 80’s i was given tinfoil to play with. Saturday morning cartoons couldn’t come fast enough.

@illustriouschin 3 года назад

Canaries are necessary CO and CO2 detectors.

@reuireuiop0 3 года назад

Can indeed imagine people keeping canary to signal build up of bad atmosphere inhouse during long winters... but where did you get your burning woods ?

@Roboprogs 3 года назад

@@reuireuiop0 “chips” 😁

@angrypandable 3 года назад

I thought PBS Eons was going to give us a survival guide to the upcoming ice age apocalypse.

@Zardoz4441 3 года назад

Yes, I thought so too!

@godfreypigott 3 года назад

What book of fiction have you been reading?

@arnaudlafortune8879 3 года назад

Likewise!

@arnaudlafortune8879 3 года назад

There are some good survival video out there. But, still she makes a good point showing that the Inuit life style is better at surviving ice age than ours. We just have to go back to finishing and hunting if we are to experience an ice age.

@12jswilson 3 года назад

@@godfreypigott it's not that farfetched. One of the concerns of climate change is that a significantly big greenland glacier falls off into the north atlantic and stops the Atlantic currents that take warm water from the Caribbean to Europe. Without it, Europe would be much, much colder.

@jamesmonroe5641 3 года назад

My mind is never tired of this. I swear, this is far better than college. Keep up the great work and God bless you.

@matheussanthiago9685 3 года назад

omg, the animations are so cute pls keep 'em around forever

@nat_7998 3 года назад

I would love to see a video on the topic of how fingernails evolved! :)

@tribiz6762 3 года назад

Weirdest topic I’ve ever heard, but now that you mention it, yeah I wonder how fingernails evolved.

@pansepot1490 3 года назад

I guess they are just modified scales. All body structures are modification and conversion to different use of pre existing structures.

@hotmailcompany52 3 года назад

With a follow-up or subsection about fingernails and cultures?

@NawniColes 3 года назад

@@pansepot1490 early primates had claws though, so I imagine nails came from them

@AifDaimon 3 года назад

@@NawniColes are nails & claws made from the same material though?

@Miamcoline Год назад

Really good effort. Really appreciate that this narrator and this channel are one of the few to bother to make sure to get pronunciations right and give credit to all the native communities that help contribute so much to paleantology, anthropology, habitat protection, ecological preservation, rewilding, and scientific research in general, but without being over the top about it.

@Hiznogood 3 года назад

The winters where so cold in Scandinavia during that period, the king of Sweden, Karl X Gustav decided to pay the neighbors in the south, the Danish, a little visit riding over the ice with a band of jolly men. Boy, was the Dane surprised! 😉

@martijn9568 3 года назад

And didn't he also then decide to give a large part of Europe a visit, but slightly longer this time?

@Hiznogood 3 года назад

@@martijn9568 I’m sure of it, our kings liked to visit other countries a lot and make them their own. In the end we had to import a new king from France, because the one before seamed to forget to make new kings and instead waged wa... visited other countries so much that they died out.

@98Zai 3 года назад

@@Hiznogood Also, this imported french King mostly lazed about the castle and never managed to learn Swedish. But I mean, at least we all concluded that kings are pretty useless to begin with.

@Hiznogood 3 года назад

@@98Zai I think everyone prefers a king that’s to lazy to get into wars all the time! I think Sweden has been in to 58 wars, 30 off them against Denmark. I guess our kings really liked to shed their subjects blood, and very often their own too! No wonder we got fed up and decided to be neutral and stop waging war against our neighbors!

@riograndedosulball248 3 года назад

As long as he keeps the f* away of Austrian Cuirassiers or digging trenches in the open, in front of Danish fortresses, i guess he'll be alright

@raiknightshade3442 3 года назад

The animations are so gorgeous tho I gotta say

@unknown_matter7818 3 года назад

yup agree

@roxyamused 3 года назад

Stradivarius’ stringed instruments, highly sought after violins, cellos, violas, have their special sound quality partially because of the mini ice age. The wood was denser. I say partially as Stradivarius was also an amazing luthier. Excellent, ultra rare materials in expert hands. Perfect storm of awesome.

@fivegkills6111 2 года назад

Veeeeery interesting 🤔🤠

@jeffersonwright9275 3 года назад

I would like to see PBS Eons talk about the relationship between the mass extinction events the world has experienced (at least 5) and their relationship with massive lava traps

@jakealter5504 3 года назад

They have touched on it when discussing the Permian Extinction and that it was likely triggered by the Siberian Traps eruption

@wtfbros5110 3 года назад

I wish they would cover the Triassic-Jurassic extinction and the CAMP

@matheussanthiago9685 3 года назад

@@wtfbros5110 aka the most underrated extinction

@Laeiryn 3 года назад

Honestly the Facts in Motion vids on those are already REALLY good...

@westrim 3 года назад

Oh, that's simple, only species that could correctly time their double jump to the next platform survived.

@mistersantosnyc 3 года назад

I could hardly concentrate (& I'm saying this in the best way possible) because of how achingly beautiful & (to my non-native eye) representational the animations were. They really did a lot to fuel my imagination about First Nation folk in these areas. Thank you so much

@kinomora-gaming 3 года назад

Wow the animation for this episode was amazing!!

@jorisbolhuis8483 3 года назад

Well, Canals in the Netherlands still freeze in wintertime. It does not happen each year when looking solely at the last 10 winters, but this year we had a solid week for ice skating.

@RandomPersonTime 3 года назад

Watching the reupload to support my favorite channel!

@trentonmeyer461 3 года назад

Hey eons could you do a special about the sturgeon it's a fish that first appeared 200 million years ago and has branched into many fresh and saltwater species and they was supper successful in there respective habits but when humans started industry fishing them a lot of species became vulnerable and endangered or threatened, if you guys can make a video of the sturgeon it would really make me happy because then the sturgeon can hopefully get more support that they need

@jamesdriscoll_tmp1515 3 года назад

I am also urgin for the history of sturgeon.

@trentonmeyer461 3 года назад

@@jamesdriscoll_tmp1515 I'm glad someone else realizes the threat the sturgeon face

@reuireuiop0 3 года назад

Supper Successful * Caviar *

@charliejohanssen7421 3 года назад

Yes, this!

@ARTICTOPA5 2 года назад

I am also intrested in learning this topic

@lucasotis9525 3 года назад

This was an awesome episode! A cool slice of life with a huge amount of evidence Also, depressing question that might make an episode: have we lost fossils due to human mistake/mishandling, and how many do we know we've lost? How many have been found unexpectedly, in a weird place?

@terriblyclawed 3 года назад

We did once find one of our most significant proofs for feathering in dinosaurs being sold at a jewelery market

@Lolibeth 3 года назад

A lot of fossils are in the black market trade, meaning they lose provenance and context of where they were found.

@martijn9568 3 года назад

I believe some were lost during ww2 due to bombs falling on a museum.

@ashleymesser6792 3 года назад

@@martijn9568 The original specimen of Spinosaurus. I think Carcharadontosaurus as well.

@Splett_man 3 года назад

@@Lolibeth That includes many historical artifacts too.

@terriblyclawed 3 года назад

Its always so cool of you guys to acknowledge the native peoples of the land you talk about when it comes to anthropological stuff. Archaeology and paleontology are unfortunately rife with racism and disregard for native peoples, and acknowledging their important contributions to the sciences is the first step to undoing these problems that are so deeply ingrained in the sciences we're passionate about 💞

@DarDarBinks1986 3 года назад

More like you want to kneecap non-native peoples to promote tribals who couldn't invent the wheel. We don't need their "permission" to dig up their remains and "cultural sites". Science is more important than "respecting tribal traditions". These tribes are ghosts and martyrs who deserved to be steamrolled. They didn't have the correct plants or wildlife for domestication. And they couldn't even work iron independently of any Old World influences. The game was rigged from the start, and geography is proof of that.

@terriblyclawed 3 года назад

@@DarDarBinks1986 you realize native people still exist right

@DarDarBinks1986 3 года назад

@@schuler5919 But did tribal Americans have horses and camels? NO! Their idiot ancestors killed all the native horses and camels off instead of domesticating them! What were they thinking?

@Splett_man 3 года назад

@@DarDarBinks1986 And still you saw advanced cultures with empire building, monuments and cities with equal or larger populations than most places in the world. They did that without draft animals and in many cases without metal tools too.

@lindaterrell5535 3 года назад

@@DarDarBinks1986 Food.

@k-saurrous 3 года назад

Anddd lets say Nunalleq one more time!! such a roll off the tongue word. Awesome ep guys! ✌🏼👏🏽

@scaper8 3 года назад

It sounds like something out of Lovecraft and I'm kind of in love with it! LOL

@l2516 3 года назад

The lady: * *It was so cold that Dutch canals froze, something that rarely happens nowadays* * Me, a Frisian: it giet net oan 😞

@ARTICTOPA5 2 года назад

Please dont be sad , heres a flower (๑ᴖ◡ᴖ๑)> 💐

@shadowhenge7118 3 года назад

What you guys are doing at PBS is wonderful. I grew up on this stuff and its cool my son gets to see these kinda shows, too.

@joexalo6840 3 года назад

Always waiting for the Eons Upload😋

@1jodiemartin 3 года назад

Hello Kallie, I just wanted to tell you that you inspire me to be a prepared and informed professional. I am always so impressed with your episodes. I also love your nails and adorable pins. I SO WISH you had been on my screen when I was a child. I am so thrilled to see a self-determined woman in the sciences for girls to see today! I would like to see an episode on protostones and deuterstones because I just think it would be funny to talk about. Maybe make the skinny guy do it because I like when he gets queasy.

@guyh.4553 3 года назад

You rock Eons! One item I wish you would have touched on was what the relative temperatures might have been. Love the videos!

@irsh2072 3 года назад

Incredibly well done.

@paulpaulson777 3 года назад

I love these animations!

@muhammadrayhanfirdaus1309 3 года назад

Ah I remember the village, Natgeo Photography Course had this village for story sample

@briankirz231 3 года назад

Man, this channel is so great

@merlinmeurer5339 3 года назад

Love the sweet animations.

@Tiberon098 3 года назад

Its so cool to see a video on a place near where I live.

@punditgi 3 года назад

This woman is positively hypnotic. Together with fascinating and superb content. A combination for the record books. 😇

@velksa6835 3 года назад

Bro you are just down bad aren’t you

@samlevin122 3 года назад

I've gotta say, I really like the coverage of indigenous life in the Americas. I'd love more archaeology/anthropology of the indigenous people of the Americas!

@richardburbridge6771 3 года назад

Love watching this channel.

@russkaiakoshka 3 года назад

Great animations! Ty for your hard work and your awesome show :)

@topherblair5073 3 года назад

The animations are so charming!

@AnhTran-xo9ik 3 года назад

I'm loving the animations!

@KimberlyGreen 3 года назад

Hallmark of good journalism ... retractions & corrections to acknowledge / correct an error. 👍🏼👏🏼

@tubeyhamster 3 года назад

Good episode! I love learning about the little Ice Age!

@devynpresley316 3 года назад

Future video ideas: 1. Who the heck is Steve (and all the other paleontologists fuelling PBS Eons)? 2. Why is it advantageous for insects to have more than 4 legs? 3. What can we learn about space by continuing research about Earth's past? :)

@Lumberjack_king 2 года назад

Those animations are so charming

@baba5256 3 года назад

nice job with the new animations.

@Doomquill 3 года назад

Is there any way to get a hold of the music from this episode? The chill piano at the end made my heart ache with its beauty.

@BrimaBelise 3 года назад

Very much agree 🥺 a thing of beauty

@emiliocofinco3151 3 года назад

The little ice age occurred due a deep solar minima (Maunder minimum). During this time period the sun has little to no solar activity. No sunspots, solar flares, coronal mass ejections, nothing! As a result, the heliosphere contracts and weakens thus allowing a higher amount of cosmic rays into the solar system. A cosmic ray maximum leads to greater cloud nucleation and silica rich magma nucleation, thus leading to an increase in volcanic activity and greater cloud coverage. Consequently plunging the global climate in the northern hemisphere, leading to famine. This is about to happen again! Grand solar minimum. Great reset.

@cloudpoint0 3 года назад

Periods of huge increases in cosmic rays called Laschamp geomagnetic excursions have been examined and no climate effect was noted. The effect of cosmic rays is just too small to matter to the Earth's climate.

@ragnkja 2 года назад

Given that the cycle of solar minima and maxima lasts about 11 years, how could that cause a centuries long cooling event?

@stevesstrings5243 3 года назад

Great stuff!

@heavymetalbassist5 3 года назад

I only watched this twice today and liked again for the algorithm I swear

@dogwalker1896 3 года назад

Those animations were absolutely adorable

@boringbilal9224 3 года назад

This is my new favorite science channel!

@Hobbyrepubliken 3 года назад

Love the animation in this

@IrrevocablyZoey 3 года назад

I love the animations.

@Deathscythe91 3 года назад

simple , stay warm

@chrissscottt 3 года назад

I'd be interested in PBS Eons take on the 'Bronze Age Collapse' era.

@reklessbravo2129 3 года назад

Good idea! The Bronze age Collapse is fascinating

@martijn9568 3 года назад

Don't we then stray into history?

@jandrews6254 3 года назад

@@martijn9568 climate determines history

@nihilistpenguin7511 3 года назад

@@jandrews6254 Climate plays a role but it doesn’t control history.

@jamesveronese6519 3 года назад

Little Ice Age is my favorite MGMT album

@talideon 3 года назад

Good job on that lateral fricative!

@bellaiswijianto9807 2 года назад

Great explanation and the animation too 😍😍

@An-Islander 3 года назад

There's another interesting theory by Charles Mann in his book 1491, that the a major contributing factor of the little ice age was the fact that indigenous people of North America practiced controlled burning in forests for better hunting, so when Europeans disrupted all that post-1492, many forests experienced growth, changing the oxygen balance in the northern hemisphere. Though I can't remember exactly how that contributed to cooling, read it a while ago.

@An-Islander 3 года назад

@@grahamsouthern5583 I'm telling you, I read about it... shortly after 1491, so can't remember the details, just that stopping controlled forest fires had some impact.

@JacobvsRex Год назад

The book 1491 talked a lot about forest fires prior to European contact

@lh3540 3 года назад

I like the animations!

@WendelRosaBorges 3 года назад

You are awesome! Loved the animations! Important advertise about the original peoples. Thank you for that content!

@BinroWasRight Год назад

I love researching the Little Ice Age. How it affected clothing layers, especially in Northern Europe. The intense floods in early 14th century France during its onset that led to famine so great knights were selling their plate for bread. The way British crops proved hardier in wet, cold weathers. How the changing weather affected the Age of Exploration just as the previous thermal maximum had the journeys of the Norsemen. How the growing maritime trade routes were challenged by the very wild weather out of the blue that the period saw so often. And so much more. It's a fascinating part of being a 16th century historian and re-ennactor.

@cassiemaayzombiesceks2256 3 года назад

Love me some new Eons content.

@DominikJaniec 3 года назад

animation are still lovely!

@nikitapatel2319 3 года назад

I love the animation in this video

@gawys28 3 года назад

Loved it

@Nathan-OHalloran 3 года назад

I really like the animations used for depicting the village. Nice touch. PBS Eons is great like that though.

@VosperCDN 3 года назад

Interesting how this isolated village had less troubles than the more populated areas of Europe (in general, it seems).

@davidjoelsson4929 3 года назад

because they were not as dependent on argiculture

@sidilicious11 3 года назад

Fascinating 🌎

@alexstewart2897 3 года назад

Good video PBS

@Kotori174 3 года назад

Even professionals make mistakes! No biggie, it all got fixed ;) Glad this still popped into my feed considering it's a re-upload!!

@rayzorrayzor9000 3 года назад

“How to survive little ice age” Doh 😖, just crank the heating up 😂

@kellydalstok8900 3 года назад

Even the Thames froze over in winter, which is much rarer than the Dutch canals freezing over, because the Thames water is brackish. They held frost fairs, markets and played games on the ice. At one time, an elephant walked on the ice.

@cloudpoint0 3 года назад

"The last great freeze of the higher Thames was in 1962-63. Frost fairs were a rare event even in the coldest parts of the Little Ice Age. Some of the recorded frost fairs were in 695, 1608, 1683-4, 1716, 1739-40, 1789, and 1814." - Wikipedia

@jmh8817 3 года назад

Thanks for the reupload!

@ericblumer8234 3 года назад

PBS I'm so proud of you... You didn't push the anthropogenic CO2 catastrophic climate narrative once in this video... That shows a little maturity on your part, something that those of us who would like to see science separated from politics permanently truly appreciate... Ty

@Lumberjack_king 2 года назад

What!? are you talking about pbs eons believes in climate change there’s even a wiki link under the video they just decided not to talk about it

@Stardust414 3 года назад

I didn't exactly learn how to survive the impending mini ice age 🤔

@inoy0 3 года назад

nice animations!

@zhongxina6646 3 года назад

We probably won’t live till the next ice age but this is nice to know

@dazz318 3 года назад

I hope we don't see it I will take warming over ice any day. Every cooling event brought famine, pandemics, war and empires fell..

@martijn9568 3 года назад

@@dazz318 That's not entirely true though. Both the Russian and Swedish empires rose to predominance during the little ice age. We could also add some colonial empires as well, but the colonists very often had a technological advantage. The thing is that a massive event such as global cooling can bring empires down, but those most adaptable are able to profit of the changing situation. An event like this really shakes up the carts, which are normally pretty rigid.

@ajl2232 3 года назад

We probably my will.

@meganmorgan7562 3 года назад

PBS, saving the world, one episode at a time!

@michaelbell3952 3 года назад

The animation is quite lively

@rvdb8876 9 месяцев назад

"Semantic Scholar Glacier and lake-level variations in west-central Europe over the last 3500 years". During the Roman period, glaciers in the Alps were virtually non-existent, while in 1859/60 they reached their maximum extension of the last 3500 years, thanks to the Little Ice Age.

@gaglemangamez2021 3 года назад

I love your vids

@abbytheredwolf174 3 года назад

It still amazes me how this truly wasn’t that long ago in the whole picture of life and is insane to me where this planet is today and how evolution has change

@niquola77 3 года назад

So interesting

@CMichaelEH 3 года назад

impressive pronunciation of the /q/!

@AquaticFlapper125 3 года назад

Awesome

@sergeigarbar1948 3 года назад

Great! You are my favorite narrator on PBS.

@suicune690 3 года назад

I can't even imagine what future archaeologists will find in our landfills...

@danielles_mernitz 3 года назад

I'm loving these animated graphics! Who did you team up with for them?

@terriblyclawed 3 года назад

I think the animations come from the historical/cultural society thats cited in the top right corner of the animations :)!

@danielles_mernitz 3 года назад

Ah - it helps to have a comments section and a monitor large enough to see the text 😂 Thank you

@roysnider3456 2 года назад

Not to nit pick but you mention Dutch canals freezing during the mini ice age but you didn’t mention the Thames river in London, it froze so hard they had festival’s with rides out on the ice every winter for decades,and even had a way to use a “burn barrel” for heat and cooking. I’m pretty sure London is further south then Holland.