How was crushed the Boxer Rebellion ? [HI#18] 

China suffered a multitude of crises during the 19th century : the recurrent economic problems were made worse by the gradually overwhelming presence of the Western powers, which impose the Chinese a series of unequal and humiliating treaties. The Qing dynasty had to face revolting popular movements. In the late of the 1890s, a secret society - the Fists of Harmony and Justice - came out of the woodwork. It besieged the Beijing Legation Quarter to drive the foreign representatives out. This siege, known as the 55 Days at Peking, provoked a concerted reaction from the Westerners. I'll go back on the events which have led to Beijing siege and I'll observe the consequences of this revolt over China.
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Bibliography (French) :
- Mabire Jean, L'été rouge de Pékin- La révolte des Boxers, Editions du Rocher, 2006, 455p.
- Chang Jung, L'impératrice Cixi, Tallandier, 2017, 601p.
- Fairbank John King, La grande révolution chinoise : 1800-1989, Flammarion, 2011, 548p.
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Links from the Internet (French) :
- Les lanternes rouges dans la révolte des Boxers : bit.ly/2IoWAEy
- Les ravages du patriotisme chinois (Courrier international) : bit.ly/2x3aky2
- Les points de la justice et de la concorde : bit.ly/2RlWuAl
- Wiki : bit.ly/2IWPQww
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Music and video credits :
Musics :
- Qigang Chen, Le joie de la souffrance
- Yu Hongmei, Great Wall concerto
- Sound effects : Freesound.org
Films :
- 55 Days at Peking, Nicholas Ray (1963) - Bronston Production : imdb.to/2KZExGI
- Boxers Rebellion, Cheh Chang (1976) - Chang's Film : imdb.to/2KqiwkJ
- 1911, Jackie Chan (2011) - Bijing Alnair : imdb.to/2IVl7zT
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