Well explained, and I know why my neck got choked by Mr. Putin was released....Thank you for "The Hydraulic Fracturing" Could we also take care the environment issues as the step-2 ?
looks like something Mr. Burns came up with. Don't the fracturing chemicals get left in the fracture and contaminate groundwater? Interesting that a video produced by an energy company that uses this form of drilling left out all the atrocious side effects of the practise.
the chemicals are released thousands of miles below the surface. No place in the nation, even deserts with deep wells, gets water from anywhere near these fracking wells.
@@bennetthasty7488 That isn't accurate. Firstly, the chemicals are released thousands of FEET below the surface, not miles. Second, the entire water table is interconnected and heated water from deep within the earth perculates up toward the surface. I worked in a laboratory where we would take soil samples from the surface that could identify mineral deposits thousands of feet down because water that bubbles up carries trace amounts of these minerals with it. There have been reports all over the place (and in the scientific literature) of scientists identifying toxic and carcinogenic chemicals from fracking in peoples well water.
@@brcarter1111 dont forget that when they finish they also put a similar solution in the fractures leading to the chemicals being able to transfer to other sources over time. Which is why we have so little drinking water than thought
The concrete casing has a well determined failure rate, so the chance of groundwater contamination can be predicted. But there is money to be made. Go light your tap...
No, there is not always a leak. The professionals take well drilling seriously. The logs and other evidence of how the well is drilled must be turned into the state after drilling. In production, any leak must be reported and repaired. That being said, not every operator does his duty.
This is creative. I am confused though as for plug 1 being set for a charge because wouldn't that allow the surface water to sink down past potentially? Why wouldn't you just do it with 2 and 3 and leave 1 alone or am I missing something?
I dont follow exactly but I can explain why surface water isn't an issue. At surface an iron wellhead exists which blocks entry of contaminants or other liquids from entering top down. Contaminants can enter when drilling (before fracking begins). We seperate the stages of a frac so we have to use less horsepower on surface when pumping frac fluid downhole. So once toe prep occured (not covered in the video) a wireline crew sends our perf guns (a series of shaped charges facing the formation) down in a line, and at the far end of the line sits a frac plug which using an explosive is set into the walls of the casing. The explosive compresses the plug and the teeth can set into the casing walls. Then the wireline is pulled up (reeled in) to reach the desired depth at which case the shaped explosives are fired to make a hole through the metal casing, cement, and about 2 feet into the rock. Now that there is this opening we inject frac fluid at a rate greater than the fracture gradient (the pressure required to cause microtissues in the rock formation) and at a rate which produces a pressure lower than that which will cause it to fracture improperly ( a small cone shape rather than a root structure shape) or less than the pressure required to break the casing (very expensive). As far as subsurface water not in the oil reservoir already, it is blocked off from the wellbore typically by a mile of depth (the natural water table) as well as several inches of strong steel surrounded by concrete.
Nice animation only issue is there is no information on the risks, such as whole town's dying in their sleep from the facking that can couse leaks and contaminations miles away.
As I understand it, it can present the following risks: 1) fracking at a too shallow depth, where the cracks result in fracking fluid or oil/gas contaminating the water supply 2) same if the well casing breaks 3) flowback water being improperly disposed, eg being dumped into a river or an open pit or a treatment plant that isn't capable of removing these particular chemicals. Maybe there's a way to do it safely, but there's always a financial incentive to cut corners, and in that case the damage can be major.
FYI, the things that get pumped into the rock are MANY different chemicals that are not good for the environment. These have and do contaminate water aquaifers, here in Ohio and many many other states. the video is not entirely truthful,. Most of what happens is mostly accurate but, not a word about the fact that they do contaminate ALOT.
correct TRUMP is a great leader...phuckin' azzhole biDONE is back to buying from over seas and costing us billions when we have our own oil. biDONE the crook is also right now selling our oil reserves to china an India to fund the fed gov...scumbag phuck is pro quoing millions into his pockets
david baldacci's book ' walk the wire' is in a n. dakota oil rig setting where fracking is going on. and ch. 27 takes the reader into a control room / data center. and this Noble Energy vid' has visuals that complement understanding the word descriptions in that ch. of the processes under way good of you to have put it together & posted it. one thing came out in the book is about all the methane that co-exists with the oil and gets wasted by being burned off. it , the methane, is 'dirty' needs some work to clean up and make it a commercial product. economics rules what is saved and what isnt .
I have a question: how the cement layer is being created around the casing and the aquifer? I understand that the casing diameter is smaller than the hole so, when the cement is pumped through the inner core of the casing, it starts to cover the outside of it by going around the casing pipe. It is posible when there is a solid wall around the casing but when it is water? How the cement layer is created around the casing?
Last question first. As shown, cement is pumped down the casing and when it flow out of the bottom, the only way to travel is up. The amount of cement is calculated to fill the annulus or space between the casing and the hole wall. Now to address your water question. Cement may flow out a small distance into water zone but it is thick and will "plug" the water zone as the cement continues to rise. The cement will harden even when under water. After cementing, a cement bond log can be run. This type of log "rings" the casing. This is like tapping on a tile on a floor in that it sounds different when the cement under the tile is not bonded. The ringing is recorded as a chart vs depth. If the bond is not good in a critical water zone, the casing can be perforated, the zone isolated, and cement pumped through the perforations to seal the casing.
There is no water from the aquifer in the annular space because pressure is maintained by drilling mud. As the cement is pumped down the mud in the annular space is displaced by cement.
This was a cool informative video, but mobilizing the earth's cancerous, endocrine disrupting goo in a way that it can reach our ground water, and can not be immobilized is insane.
Pa has over 5000 miles of dead streams destroyed by acid mine leaching. This disaster will never be fixed. Now the frackers are destroying our ground water and our legislature does nothing. Who will fix the well casings when they fail. They will eventually fail.
Good question. Actually just water under high pressure will break the rock. However, when the pressure is released, the cracks close back up. To prevent this, proppants (like sand) are pumped along with the water to remain behind and hold the cracks open after the pressure release. Also, chemicals are added to "thicken" the mix and keep the water from escaping from the fractures and reducing the pressures. These chemicals have chemical timers that will turn the thickened mix to thin and allow the water and chemicals to flow back to the surface leaving the proppant behind.
It could if it were directionally drilled. However, the well cannot be drilled under your property without your permission. As the well is drilled, its 3 dimensional position is calculated to within a couple of feet. This information is filed with the state.
Air pollution, chemical pollution from the process itself combined with small Earthquakes caused by altering tectonic pressures. But other THAN THAT, great video!
I noticed that they omit that! The leaking gas causes, headaches, nose bleeds, asthma and they don't stop it. Thats when they bring in the lawyers and the heavies...
@@fg3292 and what do you think the gas is used for? The gas that they collect that is. There is still a large volume of gas that escapes. Then there is the water treatment! And don't forget the subsidies these companies get, yet the price of gas still goes up! When the company collapses where is the money?
because Saudi Arabia is losing money so they need to make up lies and the saudi puppets (environazis) make up propaganda to save the saudi oil companies.
Enki The master the worse it’s vertical fracking . big sink holes and earthquake too . These guys are starving for a money they don’t care about your life . They capable to dig on fault line too .
@@johnnybravo-ir3ev yeah sorry go look at the history of abandoned fracking sites. Even the video mentions pumping in millions of gallons of fluid to break up the rocks to extract the resources. What do u think? They pump concrete back in to support the massive areas of fractured sandstone?
Geologists only think and talk about periods of millions of years. They have different methods for determining the age of rock layers. However, there is one small problem. Ancient books tell us that a cycle of natural disasters threatens the earth and all living things. The cause of this cycle of disasters is a ninth planet in our solar system orbiting the sun in an eccentric orbit. Features of the natural disaster include a massive tidal wave, higher than the highest mountain, flooding, storms, rain, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and a fiery asteroid bombardment. That planet is surrounded by a gigantic twisting cloud of dust and meteorites. That cloud obscures the atmosphere, pollutes the water and covers the whole planet Earth with that dust. At the end of the crossing of this planet 9, the earth is covered with a horizontal layer of wet mud, a mixture of sand, clay, lime, fossils of sea and land animals, shells and the deposit of that dust cloud and asteroids. So in every layer on our planet we will find material of the same antiquity, perhaps many millions of years old: the deposit of extraterrestrial clay and meteorites. Even the youngest, topmost earth layer, which is less than 6,000 years old, also includes the same very old deposit. If you don't know about this cycle, you have no idea how our history has evolved. To learn much more about planet 9, the recurring flood cycle and its timeline, the re-creation of civilizations and ancient high technology, read the e-book: "Planet 9 = Nibiru". It can be read on any computer, tablet or smartphone. Search: invisible nibiru 9
When our enemy China abandons cost efficient energy, than we too can afford to. Until then, energy is central to everything we rely on, and for us to destroy our economy to bolster our enemies is suicide.
@@WesternReloader that there is the problem wit "just transition". There are many answers in what can replace everyday items with other "green" ideas but the infrastructure necessary is not there. I am for a green future but we need something (food home heating etc) while that gets redesigned. Technology is great and again all for it but I live near a wind farm and many days I see those mills NOT turning. Meanwhile carbon based or nuclear energy keeps me employed, fed and having somewhere to live. Public transit is junk where I live and really inconvenient so driving to work every day is a thing.
