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Wicket gates will only control the speed of the turbine when the generator is not synchronized to the grid. After sync the wicket gate position is adjusted to generate more or less power, speed is consistent with grid frequency. Otherwise, great video.
It's pretty obvious that when any synchronous generator is synchronized to the grid it's speed, voltage, frequency is then fixed by that grid. Then what more water flow into the turbine will do it will produce more mechanical torque to produce more active power.
Is there a difference between this type of production vs thermal? Turbines need a real big water flow to keep running and produce, which is not the case for thermal production, because thermal production can easily be changed to allow near the exact needs of electricity. But what happen if they let too much water be spent to make the turbine turn? We loose water reserve, but what happen to electricity been produced? Do they produce too much and loose some? Or it's not the way it works? As a point of comparison, what happen if there is a sudden thunderstorm, with darker sky, meaning that a population need a sudden more electricity for lighting their house? What happen in a thermal power plan vs an hydro power plan?
As with any hydraulic system, there are flow limiters that prevent too much water from flowing to the turbines. There is a maximum rotational speed for a turbine, above which there is no additional capacity for electricity generation, but again, there are operational limits that prevent this from happening. There are some anticipatory controls that adjust output when events occur that may affect usage, but overall, power plants react to changes in demand rather than anticipate those changes. Thermal power plants can increase steam flow, while hydro plants can change water flow to spin the turbines at different speeds. In both cases, turbines can be brought online or set in an idling state to adjust to demand.
