HYDROGEN 

Hydrogen is the first element of the Periodic Table. It is the lightest chemical element that exists, under normal conditions it is in a gaseous state, and it is tasteless, colorless and odorless. It consists of a proton and an electron. Therefore its atomic number Z=1. Although there are three isotopes of it:
Protium: it is the most abundant hydrogen and which we usually refer to as hydrogen. It consists of 1 proton and 1 electron.
Deuterium: consists of 1 proton, 1 neutron and 1 electron. It is the hydrogen that forms heavy water (D2O)
Tritium: consists of 1 proton, 2 neutrons and 1 electron. It is unstable so it can disintegrate. This is beta decay. Therefore it is radioactive.
Hydrogen (in Greek, from ὕδωρ hýdōr, genitive ὑδρός hydrós, and γένος génos "that generates or produces water"), since when burned in air it combines with oxygen to form water according to the equation:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O + heat.
This is a very exothermic reaction.
Hydrogen is the first element that was formed together with helium about 370,000 years after the big bang, the great explosion that gave rise to the Universe. It is the most abundant element in the Universe, 74% by mass compared to the total elements and 90% by number, given that it is very small. On the other hand, on Earth its proportion is much smaller, being in water where it is most abundant.
In the Earth's atmosphere there is almost no hydrogen because, being so light, it escapes into space. Most of the hydrogen in the Universe is not found in stars but dispersed, for example in gas nebulae. It is also part of large planets such as Jupiter and Saturn, which are known as gas giants.
Hydrogen is not found in monatomic form because it is very reactive. Two atoms combine into a molecule of diatomic hydrogen, dihydrogen, or molecular hydrogen, H2.
It reacts with both metals and non-metals. The most important compound it forms is water (H2O), although it also forms others such as ammonia when combined with nitrogen (NH3), hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride), HCl or hydrogen sulfide, H2S, when combined with the sulfur This compound has the smell of rotten eggs and was formerly known as sulfur dioxide.
Water is a chemical compound that occurs in a liquid state at room temperature on Earth when other heavier compounds such as ammonia or hydrogen sulfide are gases. This is because what are known as hydrogen bonds or bridges are formed that act as an adhesive function between the water molecules and thus do not disperse easily.
Hydrogen has countless applications, from the petrochemical industry to the food industry. It is also an energy vector, it serves to transport energy, but it is not a source of energy itself. Something similar happens with electricity, which is not a source of energy but a vehicle for it.
Despite being such an abundant element, it is not available directly, since it is combined with others, it must be obtained. It is mainly obtained from natural gas, which is mostly methane, mixing it with water at a temperature of 1000 ºC. This is steam methane reforming. The reaction is: CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2
It is also obtained as a byproduct of the electrolysis of salt water to obtain chlorine.
Global hydrogen production exceeds 50 million tons per year.
In the laboratory it can be produced by the reaction of acids with metals such as zinc or aluminum. I'm going to do an experiment in which I obtain hydrogen by reacting hydrochloric acid with zinc: • HIDRÓGENO
Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 Zinc displaces hydrogen from hydrochloric acid.
I'm going to do an experiment in which I obtain hydrogen by reacting hydrochloric acid with aluminum inside a bottle. I am going to collect the hydrogen in a balloon in which we will check that it rises due to the low density of hydrogen. • HIDRÓGENO
Another experiment in which I obtain hydrogen through electrolysis of water: • HIDRÓGENO
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