Hypoparathyroidism | Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment 👨‍⚕️ 

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Hypoparathyroidism | Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment 👨‍⚕️
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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
0:25 - Causes
0:35 - Surgery
1:00 - Thyroid gland
3:20 - Congenital
5:50 - Familial
8:20 - Idiopathic
Hypoparathyroidism is an uncommon condition in which the body produces abnormally low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). parathyroid hormone (PTH) is key to regulating and maintaining a balance of two minerals in the body - calcium and phosphorus.
The low production of PTH in hypoparathyroidism leads to abnormally low calcium levels in the blood and an increase of phosphorus in the blood.
Parathyroid glands
The parathyroid glands lie behind the thyroid. They produce parathyroid hormone, which plays a role in regulating the body's blood level of calcium and phosphorus.
Supplements to bring calcium and phosphorus levels into a normal range treat the condition. Depending on the cause of hypoparathyroidism, you'll likely need to take supplements for life. Sometimes parathyroid hormone replacement is needed if supplements alone are not enough to bring levels into a normal range.
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are usually related to low calcium levels in the blood. Signs and symptoms can include:
Tingling or burning in the fingertips, toes and lips
Muscle aches or cramps in the legs, feet, stomach or face
Twitching or spasms of muscles, particularly around the mouth, but also in the hands, arms and throat
Fatigue or weakness
Other signs and symptoms associated with hypoparathyroidism can include:
Painful menstrual periods
Patchy hair loss
Dry, coarse skin
Brittle nails
Depression or anxiety
Causes
Hypoparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid glands don't produce enough parathyroid hormone. There are four small parathyroid glands in the neck behind the thyroid gland.
Parathyroid hormone controls the levels of calcium and phosphorus, so too little parathyroid hormone causes abnormal levels of:
Calcium. This mineral is stored in bones and teeth and makes them hard. Calcium is also needed for muscle function, to help the nerves and brain work properly, and to control heart rhythm and blood pressure.
Phosphorus. This mineral is found in all cells, but mostly in the bones. Phosphorus is needed to help the body create energy from food. Phosphorus also helps the muscles, nerves, heart and kidneys function.
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