Happy NY buddy, and thank you so much for another lesson. We can't wait to see your liquid fueled motor with turbo pumps & cooling the nozzle via fuel. :) I have virtually no frame of reference for this subject ... I'd bet you were tempted to set up a scale to quantify force but; maybe setup was a bit onerous..? The exhaust looks like it travels ~2 feet..? The gas doesn't [appear] to travel 'fast' ..? (slowed replay is probably warping my perception; I'm guessing the motors last ~1-2s..? How fast is the gas being expelled..?
More like "briskly walk". The walk of a pyrotechnician with reasonable, but not full, confidence in what might happen. Of someone who has lit a few fuses and seen a few things.
I'm sure everyone would agree to this💡 If this man was the teacher, teaching any subject whatsoever in any school, It would've been a delightful happy and easy experience learning whatever he was teaching because he's so in-depth with EVERYTHING he explains! Even the tone of his voice says "I'm patiently here to teach you how to do this in a way a baby would understand because i care" LOVE IT! LOVE IT! LOVE IT! Thank you Sir!💘👍👍👍
had to rewind to see the intro, it's pretty good, pretty basic but no one even does the basics!!! follows the old addage of keep it simple stupid or KISS perfectly, just like you can make a really good steak with salt pepper garlic and onion without all of these fancy steak sauces and spice mixes
After the fact I do agree, but originally I did not see the need for I having experience in the burning of rocket motors such as those presented; I know how fast they burn, their burning is baked into my head. But if one has not the experience than the massive energy release in real time would be advantageous to be displayed along side the slow-mo footage.
@@pentachronic Only if it operates in the thermal band. For a high def one with the dynamic range of rocket exhaust, that would be a pricey investment.
This project was particularly near and dear to me, since I have been working on a prototype cyclical detonation engine for about 10 years. Looking at your deflagration engine construction was very informative and gave me a lot of ideas for future modifications to my next MK, I think I'm on about MK200 or so? Keep up the good work, can't wait to see more in 2021!
@@krzysztofbroda5376 I actually get 30-40 seconds at 60hz with a single chamber design, but the rotating detonation waves are inconsistent and only after extensive research did I realize that my pressure and injection methods were subpar. Switching to a multi-chamber design, with, for example, 6-8 independent tubes with pistons forcing the fuel/air mixture to compress before being detonated out the end seems to be a way better idea, and produce way more ISP for its size.
@@krzysztofbroda5376 indeed! Something like that, I've even messed around with some glassworking torch tips that use a similar design to that. Some turboannular designs are quite promising.
@@shadowedmoonchannel im also working on a jet engine. A pulsejet with a piston compressor for efficiency. Due to special arrangement of air inlet ports it should have very high airflow per frontal area, and therefore power per frontal area, comparable to a turbojet. Next income im buying a leafblower and coke and a refractory lid to make an aluminium/steel melting hole furnace. Will try to cast it
This channel is second to none for quality content! Already got the parts ordered for my first home made rocket engine. (I'm an engineer so only a 49% chance of blowing my fingers off). But seriously, thank you for the inspiration.
The best video on RU-vid. From presentation to information, this has it all. You don't treat us like idiots, but you explain everything clearly and carefully, not just the how, but the why, and from details to possibilities. Well done. Thank you.
I got interested in rocketry recently and learned about why rocket science is so hard. Not sure if anyone noticed but the exhaust of the Estes rocket motor was pretty efficient, most of the propellent was shooting out in the same direction while the motors they created had a greater spread on them. This isn't a knock on Tech Ingredients but shows how hard it is to design an efficient rocket.
DAMMIT, I WAS JUST ABOUT TO GO DO SOMETHING, now i cant move for 11 minutes and 35 seconds, assuming i only watch this once thanks again, your channel is awesome, congrats on 500k in 2020!!!
I used to love rockets as a kid and since i never really grew up, Fun stuff. Estes were the engines then. Stuff was expensive. would love to play with it again.
It seems to me that slow-motion footage is best paired sparingly with realtime footage. With no realtime context, the slow-motion rocket burning footage is kind of uninteresting despite all of the interesting things that go on during the burn. The Slow Mo Guys and the Hydraulic Press Channel seem to have figured out a good process for showcasing slow-motion footage. I don't suggest copying them though, because I'm certain you could do better!
Just discovered your channel. I have been looking for a long time trying to find good technical hobby instruction and demonstration. Your engineering and build quality are a refreshing change from the usual cooky inventor channel.
I have built some some solid rocket motors and some low powered hybrid rocket engines in the past. I can't explain how excited I am for your video about hybrid rocket motors!
Thank you so much for these lessons. They are very informative and fun to watch. I needed to figure out if my nozzle was going to be too narrow for my casing and now I know. Ten stars on these videos.
It looked like the exhaust from the first burn was leaving at an angle. It would be neat to see a test stand that could measure torque as well as thrust during the burn.
angular momentum might be hard to measure without on board accelerometers. If they use a test stand it can measure force but torque would be inhibited by the stand itself.
@@WmSrite-pi8ck strain gauges for thrust and torque, they detect the force applied. Accelerometers require the thing you're testing *moves* - which is a bad thing in a test stand. Strain gauges are a lot simpler/cheaper anyway.
@@garyha2650 In a proper "core hole" design, the hole should be as deep as the fuel grain, otherwise, the thrust goes wonky - without the core hole, the grain burns much slower.
I love these rocket motors. Thank you kind of random. But mine are made with pvc. Here's an innovation I've made: heat the edges of the pipe, then round them in to hold the nozzle. Instead of cat litter, pound in cement, just 1cm is enough. Drill the usual hole, maybe flare it, then keep it moist to set the cement. Putting it in water right away dissolves the cement. Moist paper towels in a bag, then submersion work best. The casing is then drastically lighter and stronger. We've reused 3, only 1 failed of those. It looked like the space shuttle disaster, flaring pieces of grain rising in parabolic arcs after a loud explosion. Maybe 400 feet up. Those are the ones you remember:)
Based on the 1.5s burn for the store bought rocket, the video should be sped up about 8x for normal speed. Might be off a little here, but you are able to get a much better sense of the time these rockets burn.
I am not an expert , but I have been building solid rocket motors for years . here are some general rules I have found to be helpful when building core burner type motors , 1st , make the propellant burn as slow as possible , slightly fuel rich just like a internal combustion engine . 2nd. the nozzle should be about 1/3 the diameter of the propellant grain . 3rd. keep increasing the length of the motor until the they start to explode then back off from there , 2% failure rate is acceptable . 4th. make sure you ignite the motor at the very back of the propellant grain other wise they tend to end burn and don't reach max pressure . hope this helps . be safe , great show !
This might sound like an odd suggestion, but your rockets might benefit from some "dead space" between the grain and the nozzle. You're getting a lot of incomplete combustion products in the exhaust (the large amount of sparks) which could benefit from more time before getting to the nozzle.
In a solid motor, the dead space gets pretty big pretty fast. That's not the causative issue for the sparkys. I think the Al grain size was too big. Should use something MUCH finer. I also think the nozzles were way too big. The exhaust velocity seemed quite anemic, which would mean that you'd throw less burned bits because the chamber pressure was below optimal.
@@fromagefrizzbizz9377 As I understand it, the deadspace stays constant, since the propellant burns from the inside out (radially). There is almost no space between the bottom of the propellant and the nozzle. Also, his rocket propellant didn't use aluminum, except on the fuse to ignite it.
@@Nuovoswiss the bottom end of the grain regresses just like the core and the sparks should have lessened with your idea. Which they didn’t. I could have sworn he was using Al, but maybe I got confused, but either way there was at least a grain size, chamber size/nozzle size, or bad mix proportion issue as well. Throwing chunks always leads to the possibility of chamber rupture, which is serious bad juju. Hybrids are freaking cool, because the fuel can be just about anything that can burn. Flights have been made with candle wax, asphalt. rolled up newspaper and dried cow patties. But to work you must be sure it won’t throw chunks and plug the nozzle. Fortunately with most hybrids you simply cannot over pressure the chamber, because it inherently stops the oxidizer flow.
As a teenager I built sugar rockets which worked quite well in package tape housings and wood putty nozzle. In one of Estes notes I believe there were plans for a motor tester where the rocket motor was pointed downward (exhaust was vertical) and suspended on leverage (spring )attached to a pen touching a clockwork driven drum with graph paper. It would trace out the motor’s thrust curve. On the cantilever shown in this video a load cell could also plot out the motor’s thrust curve . Just a thought.
@@frogz I've never heard of people vacuuming KNSU grains (what he's making) because melting the mixture on the stove already removes most of the air bubbles. Vacuuming APCP grains is much more common, but that's because it's dry mixed in a mixer instead of being melted over the stove.
Commercial model rocket engines typically use black powder as their propellent. BP burns differently and looks different than the propellent mixes he cooked up.
Hi, last night we finished a couple more of our motors and if you're interested in the process of building your own rocket motors check out our previous video on the topic posted a couple days ago. Today we going to go outside and test these motors and one of them and one of the - things about living in New England in December is that when you test large flammable devices we have the advantage of about a foot of heavy wet snow covering just about every surface of our property The downside is that Alex and I are gonna have to go outside an have to film in a foot of heavy wet snow, so that's gonna be a bit of a treat. Before we get outside what I'd like to do is briefly give you an idea of what it means to just try out our rocket motors so basically the thrust it's gonna be able to produce and for amateur rocket motors there is a accepted letter code that is applied to each motor based on the total amount of impulse it generates. In the first vid what we did is we went through the idea of what's called specific impulse of the amount of power or punch that a particular fuel would generate. The total motor impulse is a product of how potent that fuel is and how much of that duel you have. And there's a little bit of a correction factor based on just how effective a build or combustion chamber you design your nozzle. And in the amateur community the very smallest nozzles, the very smallest engines start out with the a or alpha. And that represents a total motor impulse of 2 1/2 N per 1s or about half a pound per second. (1:49min) As you move down the letter code to b c d e each time you go down one letter code you double the total impulse of the engine, so a b Motor would have a max thrust or max total impulse of 5N/s a C motor 10N/s and this D Motor which I have right here represents 20N per one sec. Now it could burn fast. It could have a very fast regression rate so it could burn in half a second and may make say 40N of Thrust but only for half a second or burn much longer and produce maybe 10N for 2 sec. But it's the total product that is represented at the letter code. The second set of numbers there the - and 12 represents the AVG. Thrust of the motor and then that again relates to the regression rate, how fast that propellant inside the motor is burning (2:46 /I hope I can help you with this and I am sorry for any spelling mistakes, I'll try to transcribe the whole vid)
And because a rocket motor is not a square wave it doesn't start at 0 and go instantly to full throttle maintaining exactly that amount of thrust and then instantly drop to zero, it's more of a curve. This will give you a rough idea of how long the motor would burn so with a 12N AVG thrust and about 20N Max total impulse this is probably going to but for about a second and a half at all that power. The second number you see there the -5 represents a delay charge so a small fuze or small burning component that once the booster has fired or once the engine has fired will slowly move through - piech of this plug and then hit a charge and discharge and essentially blow the end of the motor right of off the end of the far end away from the nozzle. (3:42) This is what propels a parachute or whatever recovery system to allow the rocket to drift slowly back to earth. In some cases you have no delay there is no discharge at the far end that is what's true of all of these engines here and so The only way that we would characterise these engines at this point is just going to be amount of fuel and type of fuel. D engines are about the biggest engine that you can buy commonly most hobbyshops that will sell tickets have. (4:08) You can get online e and even f Motors depending on hazmat restrictions that where ordering from. The smallest motor that we built is basically an F motor. This would be about the biggest motor you could legally purchase and that represents 80N/s so pretty powerful motor. The larger motors that we built here are 4 times the size and so instead of being an F motor they're H motors, these are powerful motors with an total impulse of 320N/s or about 65lbs/s so these are very potent motors. Now if you look over here (4:55) where I have the Hybrid motor you don't even wanna think about the letter code that applies to this thing, this is way beyond these other motors here. And so just to give you an Idea of how it actually is I should say you're not to think about it but now you're going to think about it. It's like saying don't think about a pink elephant, well get into that in a future video. (5:15) now there are a couple different ways that you can ignite such an engine. Today we're just going to be using some fuse, and we're gonna augment this fuse with some of the pyrotechnic flash powder that we mixed up in our last video, so if you're interested in how we made this take a look at our previous video. (5:32) Now another alternative to using these is to use what's called an ematch or a bridge wire igniter. Effectively what these have is a very very tiny piece of nichrohme wire across these two conductors and if you put about an amp of current in here from a battery this will riefly heat up to red hot and ignite a little glob of. Pyrotechnic mixture which can then be used to ignite a rocket into which you insert it. (6:02)
It's a convenient way to do it and a lot of higher power rocketry uses it cause you can have very very long stand offs. Today we're just gonna have fun with a normal fuse and we'll run like hell so it should be a lot of fun. Lastly how were gonna set this up is youll see the apparatus once we get outside and it's pretty straightforward so we should be able to figure out how it works and how we did that. (6:26) Each of the motors is gonna be mounted in little brackets that retain it and allows it to be mounted to a beam that stands out the back of our test rig and as a retaining plate here that keeps the motor compressed in here but allows us to adjust for different length motors or allows us to adapt to different diameter motors so that we can test all of our different motors on the same setup. So that's pretty much it lets get outside and let's start some fires.(6:52)
No talking until 10:38 So if you're interested in this camera we used for this slow motion shoot I did a video a few weeks ago (10:45) about the specifications, how to use it some of the lenses for it so if you wanna see anything about it check out that video.(10:56) and I wanna say that if you're interested in these rocket engines were gonna do more videos on this topic and we're gonna use this camera for a lot more high energy experiments in the future so I wanna thank you very much for watching and if your interested in this kind of material please (11:07) SUBSCRIBE to the channel because we're trying to get to 500000 by the end of this year, so hit subscribe. And in the case I wish you happy new year stay safe and we'll see you soon! (11:22) ---> outro, no talking
Remarkably well researched for amateur rocketry. Way back in the mid '60's I made amateur rockets. Estes existed even then, and amazingly, that green fuse that he uses -- we had then!! One thing I figured out is that you want reliable fuse, so ALWAYS buy professional fuse, never make your own. I also used to make my own flash powder, and it is fun, as he shows. I always used ammonium perchlorate for the oxidizer for rockets. I used rubbery stuff, made from polypropylene glycol, toluene diisocyanate, and a tricky surfactant for the fuel / binder. Solid propellant rockets are the way to go for amateurs, since pumps and lines and toxic chemicals or cryogenic chemicals are out of reach for amateurs. Making fiberglass cases was difficult.This was fun and informational. Kudos to Tech Ingredients. If any of you want to ACTUALLY do this, you need to watch a channel like this.
Agreed! I was very surprised he didn't have way to measure thrust in these tests. Hopefully he adds this feature in the next video. @Tech Ingredients I'd be very willing to help you with the design and programming of this sort of device.
You can tell how much testing really goes into these mixtures because the store bought company has their burn nailed down. The D motor looked buttery smooth
You are going to need much more thorough ignition for those motors. Your ignition is way too slow, deforming any kind of thrust curve prediction you might make. I suggest using a pyrogen on the surface of the grain. Looking forward to the hybrid motor! PS: If you want to discuss anything in detail about rocket motors, feel free to shoot me a private message, and we can talk thoroughly over email.
"Now the precise chemical make-up of spinach can be affected by the specific mineral content of the soil. For our fusion reactor we want the highest concentration of heavy metals possible so we prepared twelve different soil samples in which we've grown our own spinach and then analyzed their composition using a bio-reduction process, which we'll discuss later."
I watched a RU-vid video on how to create metallic potassium from bananas. I immediately wondered if you could build a hybrid rocket using hydrogen peroxide and metallic potassium. Because making things explode is fun.
As a kid I was involved in a rocketry club. We used Estes rockets and Motors. Really enjoyed doing so but got away from as I grew older. Building and firing off these homemade rocket motors scares the &:;/ out of me after seeing the small motor failure. Great videos though!
Love the rocket series!!! But I was fully expecting someone has already pointed out that solid rocket motors are lit from the top >====(here)>, and not from the bottom >(here)=====> . You are losing a lot of power by the flame front burning against the pressure wave. Also the last second is usually the punchiest, where it's clear that your motors dwindle to almost pathetic at the end. Furthermore, the shape of the grain (star vs circle) provide simple control of regression rate, it's not as simple as saying there is no way to manage the thrust profile of solids.
Cored engines (such as these) are top lit, but end burners are - by necessity - bottom lit. I'd certainly love for someone with similar production quality to do a series on different core styles. There's just as much to learn there as there is in the chemical composition of the propellent.
When i was a kid i hooked a few D motors to an RC speed boat i had and sent it off across a lake. Amazingly it didn't go airborne or submarine. Skimmed clear across, up the other bank, and into a parking lot. Thats when i ran like hell.
Omg thank you for such a thorough videos they were amazing. From one Creator to another thank you all so much. Super knowledgeable, thorough, and fun thank you once again
Happy New Year to you and your family as well. I had worked at a propulsion company years ago. We built from small initiator motors, ejection seat motors, the 2.75 rockets for Apache helicopters and others plus the 10.75 F.L.U.F. drone launch motors. Testing was my favorite. When the nozzles are overcome by thrust in these 4130 steel body motors, it was the cast nozzles that took the brunt. I've seen the nozzles turn inside out from the forces with little cracking. Fun stuff. Thanks!
I truly admire how simple, yet fascinating you make everything sound. Your knowledge and the range of fields you cover are eclectic and mesmerizing. You manage turning complex topics one would find in a textbook, into something feasible and accessible to pretty much everyone. I’m a fan of both your method and the topics you cover, I’m looking forward to seeing what you come up with next!
Great video. Very helpful for viewers from the 99% of countries in the world who use standard units, that you mostly stay away from hands and feet and such stuff to measure things.
Left me wanting more...I found it puzzling they did so much to make sure things were accurate and scientific, then bore the hole for the engine offset, wonky and full of foreign lube.
"We're going to light the fuse and run like hell..." This is definitely my kind of channel and am happy I found it. From the previous video I learned great things about the fuel and learned that the recipe I have been using for decades can be improved significantly. Thanks again, and keep on keepin' on! Cheers!
The reason why your motor exploded is that you should keep the ratio of (propellant core area / nozzle throat area) between 2-3 at the beginning of the burning. Propellant core area is the cross-sectional area of inner circle (the void). It should be between 2-3, you narrowed it further and it caused an increase in the motor pressure yielding explosion. Thanks for your rocket videos btw, they're pretty educatory. I am waiting for more videos about rockets :)
For the following rocket motor videos you could measure the thrust curves so we can get a perspective on how it changes using different mixtures and/or sizes.
Brilliant, 500k subscribers by year end with your content and approach to projects will be a sure thing . Many Thanks for update looking forward to the next update
These videos make science so much more understandable and interesting! Makes one want to do some of these activities under professional supervision!! Yall deserve to be in text books 100%
Fascinating..... ...not quite the kinds of chemicals I'd personally handle in my kitchen. But the presentation and discourse is refreshing as always. Keep up the great work.
I'm glad you only had one rapid unscheduled disassembly. Please review my comment on your previous video: the 'sparks' you're getting in your exhaust plume are signs that your fuel grain is fracturing as it burns. You're ejecting chunks of fuel. Not only does this mean you're losing a lot of efficiency, but it also means you're running your fuel grain under stresses it can't handle safely. This is a known issue with a known solution, not something where you need to poke around in the weeds and re-invent.
I would love to see a video where you do a tour of your workshop(s), your tools, equipment, consumables etc. Your channel is awesome, thank you for the videos.
Congratulations on completing your goal of 500k subscribers. In my opinion you are a pronounced mentor in your field with the amazing ability to instruct in great detail for all to understand. On another note I was hoping to see thrust curves for these rocket motors.
I don't even look anymore what the subject of the video is. EVERY video from TechIngridients gets a "Like" automatically. And EVERY video from TechIngridients deserves a "Like". This channel shows that technology can have a political dimension. That technology can be part of freedom. Please keep it up! Greetings from Germany.
This and the previous video are right in the sweet spot of what I spend the most time on these days. About 4 months ago I got (back) into model rocketry with an eye toward high power. I'm currently building a LOC Graduator. It can be used for an HP level one cert but I'm going to build a LOC IV to attempt that. I've been to a number of launches at the 4 Corners Rocketry Club site in NW NM. I think most of the other members (small club) are L1 or L1 / L2 certified. I usually set up my 600mm f4 lens on a Canon 1DMKIV about 150' away, wait for the countdown, guess at the delay, then hold the shutter button down in time to catch the launch. It's pretty wild to see a 10' long 6" diameter rocket leave the pad in 1-2 frames max. My high speed frame rate is 1/100th of your high speed camera (10fps) but it's still interesting to watch the light sequence progress. I spent the holidays workin on perfecting my black powder comps. I make the charcoal myself using Pecan limb sheds. I have about 20 Pecan trees in my yard (in TX) and it turns out Pecan makes fast BP. Now to figure out how to make D black powders so I can launch Estes rockets without waiting for a motor order to arrive and then move on the G and larger composite motors for the big rockets. I thought your were going to have a load cell similar to what Elemental Maker uses to test his motors. He lives in your "general area"...
As someone that has been building and flying my own APCP motors for the last 8 years, I'm impressed with how you make candy motors. They are done much better than most youtube rocket bomber. After a college team showed up at our launch and wanted to fly candy motors they claimed were G and I size, they turned out to be more like E and G, and the flights were disastrous and dangerous. Watching your videos, I have serious doubts your motors were actually F and H sized. Without recorded pressure curves or at least thrust curves to measure burn times vs. pressure or thrust, I would not take your word for their thrust without documentation. I think that building an instrumented test stand could actually be a cool video. What I find in your video to be very amateur and dangerous, is using fuse for lighting rocket motors. That hasn't been allowed since the '60s. You're over half a century behind the times. There are many ways to make your own motor starters that use the required, safer, electrical ignition systems. They are much safer, easier, and in many cases cheaper then using fuse. I make motor starters for H to M sized motors that cost me pennies each. BTW, did you use the 100 ft. minimum safe distance per NFPA 1127, which is state law in most state? You obviously didn't use the required remote electrical ignition system which means your were probably illegal in your state if they have adapted NFPA 1122 & 1127 as part of their fire codes. Please stop showing people with no knowledge of model rocketry how to endanger themselves with fuse ignition of rocket motors.
Love the attention to detail in your videos, so as a tiny piece of constructive criticism for the next round of rocket firings, please consider placing a fan behind the cameras, so that the smoke doesn’t ruin the shots. To understand the wind, one must become the wind.
