India: Crash Course History of Science #4 

To my fellow Indians - “Tradition is not the worship of ashes, but the preservation of fire.”

❤Love India from Louisiana

9:53 Finally i have seen the perfect Indian map on a educational RU-vid channel.. Now i can rest in peace..😌

Ancient India, Ancient China, Ancient Greece, ancient Egypt and Middle East ...........great civilisations!

Why didn't I learn anything about India in any history course? History has failed me

Aw yeah, my man Panini, grandfather of all Linguistics! Also, thanks Hank for the shout-out to Linguistics as a science!

If the Takshila library wasn't burnt , World would've been a different place.

India is the Nicola Tesla of countries!

Aryabhata was from Patna (Bihar), Brahmagupta was from Bhinmal (Rajasthan), Bhaskara I was from Bori (Maharashtra), Bhaskara II was from Bijapur (Karnataka), Madhava was from Aloor (Kerala), etc. All of these Mathematicians and Astronomers were from different parts of India, all contributing to India's collective civilizational progress. Let no one (especially the converted ones) try to divide us! "The country (varṣam) that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bhāratam; there dwell the descendants of Bharata." -Vishnu Purana (text from 1st millennium BCE).

Thank you for teaching us how India influenced a lot of science along with the Greeks and Egyptians, Hank. Keep ‘em coming

*It is good to see that the world is finally able to see the bright India which was eclipsed by the dark cloud of 'Colonial Hangover'*

Cataract surgery was also invented in ancient India.

Persians had One ear at the doors of greece the other at India, while Chinese travelled through by the silk road. What a luxury! No wonder we used to do so good. Thanx neighbours. 😊

One of the most important scientific advances in the ancient Indian civilization was in Metallurgy, was hoping for you to include that

India is indeed a big proponent of knowledge in science way back then. I love how they connect the concept of Religion and Science, base on how they understand both. Hats off to Panini for being the first to study linguistics which opened them to venture into musics. I also appreciate how they study natural philosophy and contemplating their belief in God by consistently doing their rituals up to this time. Vedas functioned to teach people how a society should be, It adds up to their thought of mirroring the cosmos into social context. Really interesting fact! Maurya Empire was exceptional, sponsoring research, into astronomy, hydraulic engineering and forestry. Ashoka's act if protection towards animals and giving them right is inspiring. Thanks to their good governance which I think powerful to the development of their country and the indians as a whole. I have to agree that even today, the debate between pure and applied science of which is more useful cannot be compared because of chinese and greek influences to Indians. They cannot be separated, enough said.

This is a great video about India and Hinduism. India and Hinduism both have significant contributions in the advancement of humanity. 🙏🏼🇮🇳 Respect from Bangladesh 🇧🇩

First Indian satellite was named after Aryabhatta..

Sikhism also came from India

You have just scratched the surface. There is much More to explore.

There are few misconceptions I would like to clear to every one. Indian history was subdued and underplayed by many nations of the world except south east and the East Asian . The primary due to the colonial experience here are some facts : 1:- India knew hypotenuse theorem way before pythogoras .cited in Baudhyana sulbasturas it also deals with a lot of geometry intricate calculations, etc. 2:- India has the oldest system of architecture in vastu shastra which is very symmetrical and far superior to Hellinistic Greece or Rome of virtuvan . 3:- India has six schools of traditional logic system Buddhist logic system and jain logic system . Unlike the Greek who followed the fallibility and in fallibility , Buddhist had four stages of logical out put and Jain's had six .This is a fundamental difference in the metaphysics that evolved in a rich mathematical system . 4:- India was best in metallurgy zinc, steel and iron wootz steel was the best until the 18th century . wrought iron was the best until the European enlightenment . Wootz steel was exported to Damascus which was used by the Muslims to win crusades. It became known as the Damascus steel . 5:- India is the originator of the heliocentric model . Aryabhatta in his book Aryabhatia proposed the model in the 4th century AD. he also defined sidereal motion ,equionxes , etc 6:- India is the originator of the decimal place value system and the number zero (0) only this is acknowledged 7:- India is the originator of algebra Al-jabbar translated Indian algebra in the 7th century and took it to middle east and later Al- Jabbar was called in Europe as Algebra . 8:- India is the originator of pi infinite series ,cousin series science series and the basis of calculus all this cited in Bhaskar acharya's work and also the infinite series evolved during Madhavacharyas work in Kerala . All of this before the 14th and the 15th century way before calculus was created . 9:- Trigonometry was invented independently in India. All the stupas in Hindu temples follow extremely accurate arc values The Sanchi stupa is a perfect hemispherical dome and present atleast during 3rd century and still exists now . 10:- the speed of the light estimation was mentioned first in the Atharva veda which is atleast 1500 BC .Also this was a more spiritual experience ,it was mentioned Never the less , along with this was the concept of infinity , negative numbers and metaphysics or zero . 11:- There are still 35 million untranslated texts waiting for scholars . Thats all the Indian civilization combined . 12:- pananis grammer grammer composed in classical sanskrit during sixth century BC is still used in computational linguistics and natural language processing infact all of the Indio- Aryan language used panninis grammer . 13:- Regarding mind science models, the Upanishads stand out as the ancient piece on mind science .it also evolved into yoga , Tantra all the School of classical thoughts Upanishads are atleast 1000 BC or earlier . 14:- The oldest text in metered poetry is Rigveda which is now dated atleast 3500 BC or earlier . So , I understand history is not thought well to present Indians or people from elsewhere but in denial of civilization and citing it primitive people is ridiculous . There are thousands of evidences and we'll preserved texts that say to the opposite . All this texts that I have sites is well and alive. This is surviving despite the desecration of 12 , University's of ancient India including TAXILLA,NALANDA, VIKRAMSHILLA etc India also had other pieces of architecture the Shilpa shastra on art ,the Natya shastra on poetry the Panchatantra which is a precursor of Aesob's Fables it has the Dharma Dharma shastra on universal ethics ,the Arthashastra on state craft and economics , kamashastra on sexuality and Yogasutras on yoga it also has the mimamsa school of philosophy which is a comprehensive School of rational laws .Nyayashtra on school of logic ,agama shastra on Tempe building and plenty more . At the end it has the world oldest epic Ramayana and world largest in Mahabharata. So I request every one not to consider old Hindu civilization like a primitive civilization .it had a 1500 year's of classical period which is more than the Greeco-Roman-arabic classical period put together the civilization extended to whole of south east Asia right up to cambodia where we have the largest Hindu temple in Angkor wat and the largest empire of the end of classical period .Namaste 🙏

You confined The great Kautilya a.k.a Chanakya to a " wise old advisor"

India inspires.

You missed a lot including Fibbonacci Sequence, Pascal's Triangle, Trigonometry, Plastic surgery, Economics, Psychology, Science of Music and Dance and many more. But overall a good one. Consider making a video on these topics as well as other left topics. I think people will love that too.

The Indian/Hindu worldview doesn’t start with God. It starts with understanding the nature of the universe and codifying different aspects of the universe with a symbolic object called Deva/Devathas. The western worldview starts with God, All Powerful All Knowing Entity who is up in the sky has Created the World and Human is his best creation and our duty is to praise him and serve him and abide by the rules he laid and the Rule book is Bible/Quran/Torah.

"India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to send a single soldier across her border."- Hu Shih, Chinese Philosopher, Essayist nd Diplomat... (India=Indian Civilisation) "The Great Philosophers Of India Make Most Of The Great European Philosophers Look Like Schoolboys"-TS Eliot,-British-American Nobel Laureate... "We Owe Lot To Indians, Who Taught Us How To Count.Without Which No Worthwhile Scientific Discovery Could Have Been Possible"-Albert Einstein.

Yay!... Love from India 🇮🇳

Wait, whoever watching this video should keep in mind the face that Hinduism and Bhuddhism were not two separate "religions" they were very much similar dharmas, bhuddhism was a reformed form of Hinduism, in the ancient temple of konark we can see a bhuddha carved in it and in Sri Lanka we can see Gaja Lakshmi carved in a bhuddhist monument, in bhuddhist countries like Thailand Hindu Gods are still worshipped in shrines, and Hinduism, bhuddhism and jainism are not religions but are Dharmas, it is very different from what western understand by religion, and Ashoka was no convert or anything because conversion does not exist in dharmas. He embraced the philosophy and still paid homage to the Gods and Brahmanas.

"India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great-grandmother of tradition. Our most valuable and most instructive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only." : MARK TWAIN

The problem is we don't respect our heritage much . We must start doing that more . Great video

Sidhanta actually means Theory.

Actually chandragupta was trained personally by an philosopher Acarya Chanakya. Chanakya took chandragupta as his pupil bc the King of magadh wasnt fit to sit on the throne. Chanakya knew about the Greeks long before they sat foot on the indian subcontinent. Thats why he trained chandragupta to become a king that will protect and unite aryavrata (india) so that it can withstand an greek invasion.

Zero,decimal system, trigonometry,square roots and cube roots, calculus these are not just the field of maths also the inventions on Indians.

As a linguist Sanskrit and Latin has always been my favorite languages to study in

I was watching a libertarian debate vs progressives last week A girl on the libertarian team (a ethnic Indian) said “call me racist, but the British occupation of India was the greatest thing to ever happen to our people, without them, we would’ve stayed a backwards, dirt pour, disease ridden nation” And I was like “...let’s forget for a sec that you’re a libertarian claiming a forceful government occupation over a countries culture, economy, and daily life was “the greatest thing ever” and go back to....what the hell are you talking about?”

The most basic thing of all, the Indians knew that the Earth was round long before the Europeans were debating it.

1:36 o my God the word for knowledge in Polish is "wiedza" (w is pronounced like v). The Indo-European language connections are something I really enjoy

Ancient India had such a level of greatness that it actually contributes a bit negatively towards her outlook TODAY. After she was crippled by foreign interventions, many contemporary Indians dwell in past greatness, simply getting by with life. There are no grand ideas, nor are there cunning plans for governance and long term well being of the populous. Of course, there are few with vision, but an average Indian today is simply concerned with themselves and their immediate surroundings. An average Indian today is occupied in putting food on the table, educating their children at the best of their abilities and then finally get old and die.

Vandé mātaram ❤️🇮🇳

Ancient india was highly spiritual and advance in field of engineering and medical science.

Hinduism philosophy states that there is nothing good or evil, but every action has a consequence. You reap as you sow.

India contributed so much to the world but is very underrated.

Look out Bill Nye...There's a new Science Guy in town!

"Where I come from....science and magic is one and the same" - Thor

Also, major miss, Plastic Surgery was invented in India, clearly documented in Shushrut Samhita 3 B.C

The very first University human made, was in ancient India named Takshashila, in Nalanda. Then 900 (700+200) years of foreign rule destroyed many potential. The fall of maurya empire happened when the last King ashoka started spreading Buddhism after witnessing a bloody war. And then the kingdom fell apart.

This is the first time I saw Hank and thought, "Yeah, he's in his forties." You had a good run, Hank's youth.

This is only 2% of Indian history'

Even the SPEED OF LIGHT was already mentioned in the RIG VEDA to be 2,202 yojanas per 1/2 nimisha that is 3.05×10^8m/s.

Siddhanta's means principles not solutions.

I'm an Indian and I learnt a lot in this and thanks to you I was able to sit through this video.. Ly hank.. You're awesome man 😁✌️💜

Hindus knew Earth was sphere Even The Word "Bhugol" is self explanatory Bhu= Earth /Geography Gol = Sphere Then came Flat earth believer ruled India for 1,000 years We never took them seriously Today western saviours going nude for veganism but Indians attained this level of consciousness eons eons eons ago

FACT---In Sanskrit you can't abuse anyone bcoz it doesn't contain any abusive word that's why it is called god language in India

And then... The British came.

CrashCourse: From there, Maurya conquered the weaker kingdoms one by one, forging them into a powerful state called - wait for it, what name did he name it? Me: India? CrashCourse: It's the Maurya Empire. Me: Oh.

Just want to point out to the creator here that Buddhism and Jainism are not "austere rivals" of Hinduism. In fact, Hinduism is the parent religion of Buddhism and Jainism. The Japanese hold Hinduism in very high regard as Lord Buddha better known as Siddhartha was originally a Hindu and Buddhism was only one of the branches or extension of Hinduism. The underlying ideaology of all three faiths is the same. And yes, I'm a Hindu and I live in India.

India is an oustanding country because of their cultures, religions and so on. Aside from that they contribute a lot in science . Thank you for this video, I learn a lot.

The Indian religion is not at all about scrificing animals to secure a certain social class, Hinduism is a guidence toward acquiring true knowledge. That can never be defined by this derogatory custom (animal slaughter) of a few.

I didn't know about the hospital! That's so cool

You forgot to mention CHANAKYA - "The father of economics" from the capital city of the mauryan empire- PATLIPUTRA.

Well explained. Generally people think of India whenever the topic are of Hinduism and Buddism but nobody notice Nepal which has great contribution in both religions. "Bharatbarsh" and India are two terms..

We Indians need to bring back our lost Respect...

Thanks to Hank and Crash Course series for just putting out such Great knowledgeable stuff for all of us!! Love from India ^^ and DFTBA

looks like British and flat earhters disliked this

All of today’s knowledge in India and Hinduism is only a portion of the real scripts and knowledge that existed , but as British colonization stopped orally passed knowledge

Everytime I watch one these episodes I wonder how far we would have come already if those scientists and philosophers of old could have communicated like we do today...

"India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to send a single soldier across her border."- Hu Shih, Chinese Philosopher, Essayist nd Diplomat... "The Great Philosophers Of India Make Most Of The Great European Philosophers Look Like Schoolboys"-TS Eliot,-British-American Nobel Laureate... "We Owe Lot To Indians Who Taught Us How To Count.Without Which No Worthwhile Scientific Discovery Could Have Been Possible"-Albert Einstein.

Thank you for such a great video! It summarizes nicely this difficult topic.

I love how you're focusing on the questions that scientists have asked/are asking.

India has a lot to offer to the world. We are overcoming an aftermath caused by british. Give us sometime to develop. We'll be serving the world with our ancient wisdom and modern technical skills again.😊

Sad that still it's called Arabic numerals. We should start calling it Indian numerals to respect the original creators. Even our own Indian text books call it Arabic numerals. Such is the state of colonial hangover

Love that you're doing this comprehensive of a series. Fantastic!

INDIA never worried about taking credits, so chill we are not hungry for that. we have much greater goals for humanity than praising or self cherishing. ego is the greatest evil so let it go, then u will understand what life is and what vedic people were.

As Indian I didn't even knew that...I guess we suck at passing down our knowledge!

'0' was discovered in India by Aryabhatta and also Decimal by Bhramagupta.

Nikola Tesla was one of the few scientists who combined science and spirituality which was a classical example of cross-pollination of ideas and thoughts. He was the man who gave a life to the Vedas in the west and inspired many other scientists who were also the founding fathers of Quantum Physics. Tesla’s work on free energy was revoked by the people who were running the economy which explains that when capitalism falls into the wrong hands, the revolution ceases to exist. The pioneers of Quantum Mechanics and few of the greatest scientists from the west like Niels Bohr, Nikola Tesla, Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrodinger were well versed with the Vedas. German Physicist and Nobel prize winner, Werner Heisenberg rightly said, "After the conversations about Vedic philosophy, some of the ideas of Quantum Physics that had seemed so crazy suddenly made much more sense." And Niels Bohr’s statement, ”I go to the Upanishads to ask questions” is something to ponder upon. This inclination explains the ground-breaking theories from Neil Bohr, Nikola Tesla, Erwin Schrodinger that changed the future of humanity. It is a tribute to our ancestors and the philosophical minds of classical India that the great problems of modern physics like Duality, Reality, Consciousness and observables were grappled by them centuries ago. You should be proud that your land has produced beings who gave birth to Dharma, Vedas, Upanishads and many other philosophies that left even the modern scientists flabbergasted.

im 17, and it makes me very happy that sometime after 20 years or so my elementary & middleschooler children would have Crash Course to watch

With a quick web search I found that it was Aryabhata and not Brahmagupta the one who calculated the circumference of the earth. Unlike for Eratosthenes' work, I couldn't find any sources on that except for the fact that he came up with an apparently very accurate number.

Oh, and Kamasutra as well.

Another interesting episode from Crash Course. Thanks for sharing. I’ll have to go back and split the video into segments in order to digest the material. I’d also love to hear more about Indian history. Keep the videos coming.

One of the most accurately made videos along with all the facts. It was a feast! Great job!

This is one of the videos that did a better job of teaching me about a subject than my own history class did.

Alexander lost against India

The most inspiring and amazing thing is a foreigner has done this much research. Respects to the anchor and the team who did research. Highly appreciable team

i seriously cant thank you enough for this video. god bless you

Medical surgeries also performed in Ancient India

Just as a note, modern Macedonia has been historically part of 'Greece', even it is not part of the modern Hellenic republic. Similarly, Pakistan Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh are all historically been part of the collective cultural area of 'India'. Just summin that could be useful for when ye do the maps.

Pretty good. Well researched. This is the first short synopsis of India's contribution to the sciences which I actually enjoyed.

That was so much information. Thank you for presenting it in such a good manner!

With love from India , Love you Hank .

Great to see the earliest discoverers of some of the most important scientific concepts getting the respect the deserve. Much more honest and interesting than merely talking about the first white guy.

i am proud of my indian heritage tradition thank you for making a video on it. the gupta empire was truly the golden time for science of all types

I dont know why youtube recommended this video, But i am feeling very proud right now.

India is Great , So it is history and so will be its future.

It was so interesting ty so muuuuuch !

Sidhanta doesn’t translate to The Solutions but it means The Principles

Thanks you guys make these wonderful videos, I am a non-native English speaker and these really help to enhance my vocabulary

The Pythagorean theorem was discovered by an Indian mathematician way before Pythagoras was born

for a second I thought this was an announcement for Crash Course India.

Great video. 💕

This was quite wonderful. Thank you! I need to share this with my students...