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Inverse Perspective in Icon Painting 

Sean Dominic Kramer
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Inverse perspective (also called reverse perspective) is a stylistic method of representing near objects as smaller and more distant objects as larger-the reverse of how things appear to us.
Inverse perspective is common in Byzantine icon painting, and also appears in other ancient and modern art.
After looking at some examples, I offer reasons for this practice. First I discuss the practice in Chinese Art of ‘painting from the angle of totality ‘. Then I offer reasons from two of the main sources of early Christian thought: the Bible and Plato.

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9 сен 2019

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Комментарии : 30   
@ImehSmith
@ImehSmith 3 месяца назад
This is not just a spiritual concept, but an awesome reverse persptctive piece of art!
@connorcreegan
@connorcreegan 2 месяца назад
Thank you so much for this very valuable presentation of this method and the theology and philosophy behind it. What you're saying around 7:00 harkens me back to my study of Jean Gebser and his notion of various different "consciousness structures". I don't think he would have said without qualification that pre-Renaissance man lacked perception of spatial depth, but that events like Petrarch's ascent of Mont Ventoux and the understanding that Leonardo would develop of perspective in his later years (I think I remember reading something about peering into oneself in the distance? or something to this effect) were the impetus behind Western concepts of spatial representation. He identified cubism (which was somewhat new at the time) as reflecting an "aperspectival" or integral consciousness, accompanying reverse and divergent perspective in representation.
@sdkramer
@sdkramer 2 месяца назад
I read Gebser some years ago. I don't know if I understood what he meant by different kinds of 'consciousness'. What I got from Arnold Hauser, William McNiell, Titus Burkhardt--was that the Renaissance and the interest in perspective arose from a change in the ruling class (the rise of the power of the merchants) and their interests. So it was a matter of choice and what to focus on--which can lead to the formation of habits and styles...maybe that is all Gebser meant by a kind or structure of consciousness. I think most people could be taught basic perspective drawing in a day. But to me it appeared like Gebser was seeing perspectival consciousness as something more evolutionary and mysterious, which doesn't make sense to me, or I don't understand what he means.
@connorcreegan
@connorcreegan 2 месяца назад
@@sdkramer It's been a while since I've read Gebser as well and I don't have 'Ever-Present Origin' with me at the moment, so I'm basing this on my recollection (please keep that in mind). What I think he means by different consciousnesses or different structures of consciousness is something like different orderings of the senses, such that attention might be placed on one or several to the expense of others, and therefore time and space are related to differently. Integral consciousness to me seems like a holistic ordering of consciousness such that time and space are readily perceived as indivisible. Again, I would have to revisit his work to understand his historical claims. But it seems like this is a bigger thing than ruling elite tastes being imposed (although that probably plays a part), and that there is perhaps a philosophy underlying it. I believe Gebser makes specific reference to Da Vinci's evolved understanding of perspective and its philosophical implications. Part of a current of Western thought which rejects space as enclosed and has a sort of "Faustian" attitude toward it. Maybe I'll pull out Gebser's book again and attempt to get specifically at what he was attempting to say. Anyways thanks for the response!
@pstotto
@pstotto 3 месяца назад
The new context of this debate is image processing as part of AI and the digital revolution of computer graphics that now inform what has happened. I'm a writer on art and I''ve come to the realisation of a shared platform for all visual media. What I mean by this, is that there is an inevitable height and width and thus pictorial acreage to the visual field of perceived objects and space and all of that is subject to the rules of perspective geometry. What's more, is that those rules of perspective apply not just to the visual field of objects and space but all visual media, so there is that transcendental pictorial context of perspective geometry going on at all times, whether in reverse or not, the rules are still there. Modernism is a conceit about that, as is the icon painting where a square looks like a square but it could also be an illusion of a trapezohedron, for example. That transcendental geometric context must inevitably be all pervasive, thus proving that atheism has no philosophical basis on account of immanent architectonic revelation, or the possibility of it at all times. In that sense, Modernism is a form of visual chaos theory. Thanks for making the video as it sets a precedent for the current age. I've written a text called The Unifying Theory of Art (see google), if you or anyone else is interested in that 21C challenge.
@abhabh6896
@abhabh6896 Год назад
Tj9s is a neautyful explanation. Orthodox Christian icons are still in this style. The perspective is used for many reasons, one of them being that the world opens up to a viewer (with a point perspective, for example, the further you look, the less you see, the world closes as you look on), the timelessness of the events is depicted. The point about tonality is also a very good one.
@sdkramer
@sdkramer Год назад
That’s a good point, about the icons opening up the view of the world for those who look on them with faith.
@earthlywhalen
@earthlywhalen 4 года назад
Such a thoughtful and well-explained explanation, Sean. Thank you.
@sdkramer
@sdkramer 4 года назад
Carol Whalen. You are welcome Carol! Blessings!
@emilelenoir9502
@emilelenoir9502 4 года назад
Absolutly incredible video! Thank you for sharing that immense amount of knowledge. I could liste to you for hours. Could you do a video talking about how Cézanne and on the other side Picasso and Braque pictured things the way they really are, or better said, what was their concept of capturing the truth of their motifs? It would be really kind. Kind regards, from germany.
@sdkramer
@sdkramer 4 года назад
Hello Emile from Germany! Thanks for the comment. Cezanne is very interesting. Herbert Read, the historian of modern art, thought Cezanne was the key. Braque was one of my favorites as a young art student. I will keep your question in mind and see if some insights come. Blessings to you!
@lilyouyang5876
@lilyouyang5876 3 года назад
Such crystal clear explanations of what has always seemed so obscure to me! I came here to learn about reverse perspective because I am interested in David Hockney but ended up deciding to learn more about Icon Painting! Hope to see more of your videos!
@sdkramer
@sdkramer 3 года назад
Thanks for your comment--the icon tradition, because of their goal of portraying humans as images/icons of God and because of the pressure from iconoclasts/image-haters, were motivated to think much about 'images'. I have appreciated the accumulated efforts of that tradition.
@ImehSmith
@ImehSmith 3 месяца назад
Indeed and it's not just a spiritual concept, but an awesome reverse persptctive piece of art!
@abhabh6896
@abhabh6896 Год назад
As an Orthodox Christian, your explanation was great.
@sdkramer
@sdkramer Год назад
Thank you
@beyzahilalisk6160
@beyzahilalisk6160 3 года назад
Such an informative and inspiring video. Thank you so much for sharing! Are there any resources that you would recommend for this specific topic?
@sdkramer
@sdkramer 3 года назад
Plato was maybe the most helpful for me on inverse perspective. More generally, regarding sacred arts, I have found the book Sacred Art in the East and West by Titus Burckhardt full of insights. Arnold Hauser, in his work The Social History of Art, has the best reasons I know of why the Western art of the Renaissance became focused on a kind of naturalism.
@beyzahilalisk6160
@beyzahilalisk6160 3 года назад
@@sdkramer Thank you so much for this insightful comment, would love to listen to more of your lectures in the future!
@cliffpinchon2832
@cliffpinchon2832 3 месяца назад
What is the painting at 22:50 ? (Great lecture btw.)
@sdkramer
@sdkramer 3 месяца назад
m.facebook.com/kolomenskayaVersta/photos/alexander-stalnov-russia/2743156485718756/
@rafaelzucato-atelierkenosi8390
@rafaelzucato-atelierkenosi8390 2 года назад
Can you send me the reference for the chinese medieval writing quote? Greetings from Brazil!
@sdkramer
@sdkramer 2 года назад
Greetings--I lived in Brazil for four years, in Goias. I don't know the reference since I sold most of my books. If I find it I will post it. I believe it was in this book: www.amazon.com/dp/0520294815/?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_w=Ii4O5&pf_rd_p=9aa30bae-d685-4626-879d-c38f81e830a3&pf_rd_r=J5NZ5TYJTCKDMVJPJV47&pd_rd_r=17c987eb-796e-4cd0-a90a-fb7b4749199d&pd_rd_wg=LixA4&ref_=bd_tags_dp_rec
@andrewternet8370
@andrewternet8370 2 года назад
Where do you teach Byzantine iconography (if you still do)?
@sdkramer
@sdkramer 2 года назад
Portsmouth Nh area--though I don't have any teaching planned at this time.
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