Isomerism in Coordination Compounds. 

Geometrical isomerism or Stereoisomerism is the most interesting and important of all types of isomerism among coordination compounds. Geometrical isomerism is a form of isomerism in which, compounds with the same composition differ only in the relative positions in space occupied by ligands. Ligands may occupy positions adjacent to each other (cis) or opposite to each other (trans). This type of isomerism is also known as cis-trans isomerism.
E.g in the given example as two ammonia or two chlorine groups are adjacent to each other therefore it is cis isomer, while in second molecule both ammonia or chlorine are opposite to each other therefore it is trans isomer.
So in a coordination compound arrangements of ligands in space is very important, in other words shape of the molecule decides, weather two groups are in cis position or trans position. So lets discuss the shapes of the coordination compounds first, then we will see how many possible combinations are there for geometrical isomers.
complex ions and ligands , complex ions chemistry , ligands chemistry , coordination compounds , cations , complex ions , ligands , coordination number , introduction , transition metals , oxidation state , counterions , werner's theory of coordination compounds , werner's theory , chemistry , primary valence , secondary valence , valence, coordination compounds , inorganic chemistry , transition metals , transition metal complexes , lewis acid , lewis base , metal ion , ligand , coordinate covalent bond , dative bond , covalent bonding , octahedral , tetrahedral , square planar , molecular geometry , VSEPR theory , valence bond theory , crystal field theory , monodentate ligand , bidentate ligand , polydentate ligand , chelating ligand , hemoglobin , nomenclature of coordination compounds
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