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The preposition is an invarible part of the speech. It’s put before a noun, a pronoun, an adjective, an adverb, an infinitive, with the aim of defining the connection, the relation between words or phrases.
Prepositions are used to introduce relations of time, space, manner, specification, cause, purpose and so on.
Two large groups of preposition exist in italian: proper prepositions and improper prepositions.
• Proper prepositions
Prepositions are called proper prepositions, preposizioni proprie, when the word that constitutes the preposition is used only as a preposition.
Proper prepositions can be simple or combined.
- Simple prepositions, preposizioni semplici, are so called because they can’t be diveded in smaller elements. They are also invariable.
Are simple prepositions: di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra.
- Combined prepositions, preposizioni articolate, rise from the union between simple prepositions and definite articles. They change in number and gender.
• Improper prepositions
Prepositions are called improper prepositions, preposizioni improprie, when then the word that constitute the preposition can be also used as an adjective, an adverb or a participle.
- Improper prepositions are invariable.
Attention: be careful! You must distinguish if a word is used as a preposition or as an adjective, an adverb or a participle.
• Prepositional phrases
Prepositional phrases, locuzioni prepositive, are made up by two or more words.
• Time expressions: the correct uses of prepositions
- Before the names of the part of the day:
• mattino o mattina: di mattino, di mattina, alla mattina, al mattino, or stamattina, without prepositions (in english: in the morning, this morning). Stamattina vado dal medico. (This morning I’m giong to the doctor.) Di mattina mi piace dormire. (In the morning I like sleeping.)
• pomeriggio: di pomeriggio, al pomeriggio, questo pomeriggio (in the afternoon, this afternoon). Di pomeriggio devo lavorare. (In the afernoon I must work.) Al pomeriggio Elena studia. (Elena studies in the afternoon.)
• sera: di sera, alla sera, or stasera, without prepositions (in the evening, this evening) Stasera andiamo al cinema. (This evening we’re going to the cinema.) Di sera c’è silenzio.(In the evening there’s silence). Alla sera ogni tanto andiamo a correre. (Sometimes in the evening we run.)
• notte: di notte, or stanotte, without prepositions (tonight, at night). Stanotte c’è un forte temporale. (Tonight there is a bog storm.) Di notte tutto sembra magico. (At night everything seems magic.)
- Before the names of the months:
• the simple preposition a must be used: A gennaio andrò a sciare in montagna. (In january I’m go skiing in the mountains.) A luglio parto per una crociera. (In july I’m leaving for a cruise.)
- Before the names of the seasons:
• are used a or di: In estate parto sempre per un lungo viaggio. D’estate parto sempre per un lungo viaggio. (In summer I always leave for a long journey.)
• Space expressions and prepositions
- To express the place of origin:
• it’s used the verb to be, essere, follewed by di: Io sono di Parigi. (I’m from Paris.) Io sono di Londra. (I’m from London.)
• it’s used the verb to come, venire followed by da: Io vengo da Parigi. (I’m from Paris.) Io vengo da Londra. (I’m from London.)
- To express the State of origin you must use the verb to come, venire followed by da, combined with a definite article: Io vengo dall’Italia. (I’m from Italy). Tu vieni dalla Romania. (You’re from Romania.)
- The verb of motion to go, andare, is followed by a if the destination is a city; it’s followed by in if the destination is a State: Vado a Firenze. (I go to Florence.) Vado a Parigi. (I go to Paris.) Andiamo in Portogallo. (We go in Portugal). Va in Messico. (He goes in Mexico.)
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5 сен 2024
