Also, Kafka is most probably reference to Franz Kafka - Bohemian writer. He's most famous novel 'Metamorphosis' is about a salesman and his family, which all turns into insects. And Kafka in HSR has a lot of insects reffering things (ye spider are arachnids but you know what i'm trying to tell)
Also, this might be quite a stretch but i remember a certain type of spider. The mother spider of this species makes itself look bigger by having its children on its back. Kafka tries to be motherly towards us in her dialogues. According to her companion quest, she joined stellaron hunters so she can experience fear. Someone theorized that elio wanted to show her fear bu making her care about the trailblazer in a motherly fashion. Heres where my part starts : since her wanting to learn fear is tied to her being associated motherly nature, she procs all the dots of other characters taking their support as if theyre her kids, this is the meaning behind her kit. As i said in the beginning this is quite a stretch of a theory and has low chance of being true. I love learning lore on my own but im not that smart to get precise theories like you haha.
Also, about the butterfly, in one of our conversations with Kafka(i don't remember which) it is said that Kafka sees us as a butterfly. So it might actually even be a reference to the trailblazer.
I've heard it said that the butterfly brooch in #12 could be a reference to the Trailblazer being caught up in her web. Butterflies caught in spider's webs generally symbolize the fragility of life too, which tracks with some of her post-battle speeches.